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King of Planet

Jupiter image taken by Hubble Telescope shows the beautiful aurora and the famous red spots (Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and J. Nichols)

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and is also the fifth planet to sort from the sun. At the same time, this giant mole star witnessed the formation of the solar system, which has aroused the interest of many astronomers.

The Romans used their gods to call this planet as sacrifice, and ancient China called Jupiter. "The King of Planets" Jupiter is like a mystery covering the clouds and storms. Among them, the most striking is the "big red spots" with twice the diameter of the earth (to be honest, the "anti -cyclone" caused by the storm, it will be introduced in detail later).

In 1610, Galileo discovered the four large satellites of Jupiter, which completely changed our way of viewing the universe and also changed our understanding of our universe. This is an example of the celestial body observed by humans to rotate around the earth and confirms the view of Copernicus.

How big is Jupiter

NASA has roughly introduced the quality of Jupiter -more than twice the sum of all other planets. Its fat body is enough to accommodate more than 1,300 earth. If Jupiter is the size of a basketball, the earth is only as large as grapes.

Jupiter may be the first planet formed by the solar system, which is composed of gas left after the sun. NASA stated that if the quality of the planet in the formation process is larger, it will reach 80 times the original, then it will become another star in the solar system.

Jupiter's environment

Jupiter's internal structure concept diagram. Junno Aerospace on Jupiter NASA uses its observation results to continuously enrich this picture: for example, the gravitational data of Juno shows that Jupiter may have an amazing and partially dissolved core. (Image Credit: NASA: /Jpl-Caltech/SWRI)

Jupiter's atmosphere is similar to the sun and is mainly composed of hydrogen and sorbe. The cricket -rich fluid metal hydrogen is wrapped in the core of the planet "sticky" or partially dissolved.

The colorful light bands and dark straps on the surface of Jupiter are caused by the strong east -west wind in the upper level of the planet, with a wind speed of more than 539 km/h. The white clouds in the light band are composed of frozen amino crystals, while the dark clouds are composed of other chemicals in the dark belt. The deepest visible layer is wrapped in blue clouds. The stripes of these clouds are not static, and they continue to change over time.

Inside the atmosphere, the diamond rain may be filled with the sky, and the depths of the atmosphere are a secret core of the unknown composition.

What is Jupiter's big erythema

On February 12, 2019, a high -resolution camera of Jino Aerospace appeared from the red spots of Jupiter when a red part was met with a smaller anti -air spin. Although these collisions look fierce, planetary scientists believe that they are mainly surface effects. (Image Credit: AGU/Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets)

One of the most famous features of Jupiter: Large erythema, a huge storm that lasted more than 300 years. Observation data shows that when the width of the large erythema is about twice the diameter of the earth, the edges are rotated around the clockwise at a speed of 430 to 680 kilometers per hour. This counterclockwise rotation makes it classified as a storm called "anti -cyclone".

The color of the storm is usually ranging from brick red to slightly brown. These colors may come from a small amount of sulfur and phosphorus carried by ammonia crystals in Jupiter. This spot has been shrinking in a long period of time, but its reduction in its reduction in recent years has slowed down.

Jupiter also has many other storms. According to the data returned by Juno in 2022, Jupiter's huge polar cyclone is driven by the convection, similar to the formation of the earth's Shanghai Vortex.

Jupiter's satellite

There are as many as 79 known satellites in Jupiter, and most of them are named after the spouses and descendants of the Roman gods. The four largest satellites in Jupiter are Eio, EUROPA, Ganymede and Callisto. They are discovered by Galileo, so they are also known as Galileo satellites.

Jialidd is the largest satellite in the solar system, even larger than Pluto and Mercury. It is also the only satellite known to have a magnetic field. The Juno mission of NASA captured its gloomy sound in 2021. This satellite has at least one ocean between the ice, and according to a study in 2014 of "Planet and Space Science" magazine, it may include a stack of multi -layer ice and water. Kaulidus will be the main goal of European Jupiter Ice Snow Satellite Detector (JUICE). The detector is scheduled to launch in 2023 and arrive at Jupiter System in 2030.

Esuo is the most frequent celestial body in the middle volcanic activity of the solar system. Jupiter's huge gravity can set off a 100 -meter -high "tide" on the surface of Euo, and produces sufficient heat to cause volcanic activities. These volcanoes release more than one ton of substances to the space around Eio, which also explains strange radio signals from Jupiter. The sulfur sprayed by its volcano makes Eou show a dirty orange -yellow appearance, and some people compare it to the Italian sausage pizza.

When Jupiter's four Galileo satellites cross Jupiter's planetary plate, the small round and black shadows cast by these four satellites can sometimes be observed in the taboscope of astronomical enthusiasts. In the picture, the two shadows cast by Europa and Jialidd. (Image Credit: Starry Night Software) The frozen crust of Europa is mainly composed of water ice. It may hide a liquid ocean with two times the ocean content of the earth. Some of these liquids are ejected from the Antarctic of Europa, forming sporadic feathers under low gravity. In 2021, the Hubble Telescope found more water vapor on the surface of Europa than before. In the same year, the image of Europa's North Pole was taken for the first time in the same year, and the discovery of its underwater volcano also made people hope for livability in Europa.

NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will cooperate with the Woods Hall Ocean Institute to develop and launch a detector that can independently submersibles to the ocean covered by the snow -covered Snow. In addition, the Oroba Express mission launched by NASA will be plundered 40 to 45 times to check the livability of this cold satellite.

Among the four Galileo satellites, Calisdo's reflection rate is the lowest. This indicates that its surface may be composed of dark rocks. NASA claims that the surface of its meteorite can hide an unknown ocean under the surface.

Jupiter

On August 27, 2016, the interstellar tracking camera on the NASA Juruo Aerospace captured Jupiter's weak halo when approaching Jupiter for the first time. This is the first time in history to observe Jupiter's ring. The bright star above the main ring is the fourth, and the "belt" of the Orion can be seen at the bottom right. (Image Credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SWRI)

The Airlines Traveler No. 1 of NASA found that there were three weak ring around Jupiter in 1979. This discovery surprised people. According to the Goda Space Center in NASA, Jupiter's star ring is much weaker than Saturn's colorful star ring. It is composed of the dust particles from some satellites of the planet.

The Juno mission website of the Southwest Institute (SWRI) shows that Jupiter's main ring is flat, with a thickness of about 30 kilometers and a width of more than 6,400 kilometers.

The inner donut -shaped (ring) ring is a halo ring with a thickness of more than 20,000 kilometers. The halo rings are composed of small and black dust particles like the main ring, which is driven by electromagnetic force. It pushes the particles from the plane where the main ring is located.

The third ring is called a tulle ring because of the more transparent view. It is actually three rings composed of small fragments of small fragments of Jupiter's three satellites-Amalthea, Muwei Fourteen (TheBe), and ADrastea. According to the press release of NASA Galileo mission, the tulle ring may be composed of dust particles. Its size is similar to the particles in cigarettes. The outer edge is about 129,000 kilometers from the planet center. 10,000 kilometers.

The ripple -shaped marks on the planetary ring of Jupiter and Saturn may be the result of the impact of comets and asteroids.

Explore Jupiter

In this picture taken by NASA Juno Aerospace, there are a large number of vortexy clouds on the northern temperature belt of Jupiter's activity. (Image Credit: NASA)

Today, Juno studies Jupiter from a polar orbit. Researchers hope that this task can reveal the development law of the external planet system. According to the data of Juno, Jupiter's core may be larger than scientists expected, and Jupiter's striped storm extends from the height of the atmosphere to the depths of the planet.

Left: I saw Jupiter and its satellite Europa, Muwei 14th and Muwei Sixteen through the 2.12 micron filter of Nircam in the James Wabu Space Telescope. Right. Jupiter and its satellite Europa, Metis and Metis (TheBe) and Metis (Metis) were seen through NIRCAM's 3.23 micron filters. (Image Credit: NAAA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STSCI))

On July 14, 2022, the JWST team posted several photos of Jupiter taken during debugging. In some photos, JWST's NIRCAM shot the thin ring structure of Jupiter and its satellite Europa, Muwei Fourteen and Muwei Sixteen.

Editor in charge: Mao Mingyuan

Translation: Ma Xiaoran

School pair: Wang Qingshan

Backstage: Li Ziqi Hu Yongzheng Li Mingchen

Editor in charge: Mao Mingyuan

The original text was published in Space.com

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