The first experimental compartment of China Space Station is the most complete decryption!Can control gravity, study the origin of life ...

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What is one cabin, flying to Tiangong.

Pay attention to Zhang Xuanbi, Feng Xuyu Yufeng.

For knowledge, try to raise seedlings first.

Who Xu Xiaoyao Meng is magical.

Today, our space station is expanding! Ask the Tianjin experimental cabin to dock with heaven and core compartment!

Let's call the time back to Beijing time on April 29, 2021 15.613 seconds at noon. The Long March 5 Yao Er Launa Rockets ignited at the Wenchang Aerospace launcher. It successfully sent Tianhe's core compartment to the scheduled track, marking the official opening of the Tiangong Space Station in my country, and also marked the "three steps to go in three steps of the Chinese manned aerospace project. "The development strategy began to take the third step -construction space station to solve the problem of large -scale, long -term care of space application problems.

Today, after more than a year of technical verification and debugging, scientists have successfully sent the heavenly experimental compartment into space, and Tianhe is finally lonely!

In addition to being happy and excited for the news, readers and friends must be curious to ask what magical devices are in the experimental compartment! Don't worry, we invited the relevant experts of the task group to let them explain the mystery of the space station and the experiment.

The mission and significance of Tiangong Space Station

Why should humans develop the aerospace business? It is generally believed that human beings can achieve three main goals through aerospace, namely: exploring the universe (such as deep space telescope, lunar landing, etc.), military and civil applications (such as navigation, communications, meteorological, etc.), and scientific and applied exploration.

So, what kind of experiments cannot be completed on the ground and have to go to space? We know that there are many "basic parameter settings" on the surface of the earth: for example, each object will be gravitated and cannot be completely drawn into a vacuum experimental space (even if it can be highly vacuum, but at the same time, the container will withstand a lot of tolerance Atmospheric pressure increases danger), bacteria, dust and other pollutants can be seen everywhere. In order to eliminate the impact of these factors on experiments, scientists have developed a lot of related technologies, but if they want to completely remove these factors, they must be separated from the surface of the earth and come to space.

And these experiments in space can generate application value in the short term. For example, my country has conducted many space breeding experiments and has obtained many new varieties with promotional value. And some scientific experiments may not have application value in the near future. For example, the candles on the ground are burning, and the flame will show a swaying liquid droplet shape. In space, the flame will be a blue spherical, just like the picture below:

This blue fireball does not seem to have any practical significance. But after analysis, scientists told us that the formation of this flame is because in space because there is no air convection in space, and the non -burning fuel will not be taken away by the flow, which can be fully burned and presents perfect blue. flame. From this point of view, studying this blue fireball can bring some inspiration for us to study the sufficient combustion of fossil fuel and energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, some space experiments that seem to have no short -term application value will also be paved for future science and technology development.

However, if you want to build and maintain a space station, only large powers can organize enough manpower, material and financial resources. Therefore, only the current space station is only the European and American international space stations and two ships in my country. The International Space Station is expected to retire around 2030, and Tiangong Space Station may become the world's only global rail space station.

On the one hand, my country's comprehensive national strength is enough to "support" such a large space station project, and Tiangong Space Station will in turn create unbearable benefits for the development of scientific undertakings in my country and even the development of the economy. On the other hand, we always adhere to the openness and international cooperation of the space station, and we are committed to building Tiangong as a platform for providing space science experiments to scientists around the world, which reflects the international spirit and great power.

What are the test compartment?

There are three components in the first stage of Tiangong Space Station: Tianhe's core compartment, as well as the "Ask Heaven" and "Dream Tian" experimental compartment. After the three of them are assembled, they will form a "T" font structure. The core compartment of Tianhe is the space for the living of astronauts, and now the successful questioning cabin that has just been launched is a "laboratory", which is equipped with various experimental devices and equipment carefully designed.

In the questioning cabin of the Tianzhi Temple, the device that completed a specific experiment is called a "experimental cabinet". The experimental cabinets carried by this launch are: gravity science experimental cabinet, life ecological experimental cabinet, biotechnology experimental cabinet Scientific glove boxes and low -temperature storage cabinets. Two of them two life science experimental cabinets and severe gravity science experimental cabinets are the place for scientific experiments. Gloves support the fine operation of scientific samples for astronauts. Low -temperature devices are used for experimental samples in rail storage. Four experimental cabinets jointly support science experiment project The implementation of the entire mission chain. In addition, the experimental cabin also configures the application -shaped support device for these experimental devices.

Let's briefly introduce each experimental cabinet:

Change gravity science experimental cabinet provides a high-precision simulation gravity environment for scientific experiments (zero-gravity to double gravity range), supports the development of scientific research under the gravity of the moon, Mars under the gravity of Mars, provides wireless transmission energy, carrier communication technology, supports support Multiple standard experimental units are combined.

Life ecological experimental cabinets mainly provide corresponding cultivation environment and life protection for plant, aquatic creature, small model animals and small mammals, etc., to study the growth and development of small creatures in space; Support the development of biotechnology and application studies such as biological cell cultivation and tissue construction, spatial protein crystals, protein and nucleic acids, spatial biomechanics, etc., and focus on cutting -edge disciplines such as cells, biochemistry, and molecules. Scientific glove boxes provide clean and closed space, configure smart robotic arm, and support the isolation and segregation and fine operations of various scientific experimental samples. Simply put, scientific glove boxes are scientific assistants of astronauts. With its help, astronauts from non -scientific majors can easily complete complex experiments that professional scientists can do.

The low-temperature storage device is a large refrigerator with freezing and refrigeration (-80 ° C, -20 ° C,+4 ° C), which meets different low temperature storage requirements of the sample, so that the experimental products can be stored for a long time.

After the launch is launched, the application system will be arranged for the initial state settings and rail testing in accordance with the flight program arrangement. After that, the scientific experiments that are planned will be carried out. After the space station is transferred to the operation stage, a large -scale space science experiment can be carried out.

Conclusion

The universe is the last frontier of human beings. After arriving in space, humans have obtained unlimited activity space, which is a major border breakthrough. The Tiangong Space Station, which is in space, has also ushered in the first experimental cabin. Soon, a large number of scientific mysteries will be answered in Tiangong. Let's look forward to these revelations from "heaven" together!

If you want to know more about "those experimental cabinets", we will continue to ask scientists to interpret the composition, principles and significance of the above experimental cabinets in detail, please continue to pay attention.

(Except for those who indicate the source in this article, they are provided by the writer)

Author: China Science Popularization Expo

Writing: Li Chengzhi (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) Mu Fupeng

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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