In the face of fatal temptation, how to become a "mushroom brave"

The rainy season is coming, south and north, deep mountains, side slopes, grasslands, fungus lovers are active.

They are searching for the same type of creature. They are called "bacteria", "蕈" and "wild bacteria" in the southwest, and most of the rest are called mushrooms.

The "lucky good" that hit the mushrooms was clustered.

Wild bacteria are very delicious, but there are those who have missed poisonous bacteria, and those who have not been able to eat poisoning are not properly processed.

Researcher Yang Zhuliang's picture

According to the statistics of the China Disease Prevention and Control Center, from 2010 to 2020, a total of 10036 mushroom poisoning incidents occurred in my country, more than 38,000 poisoning, and 788 people died of invalidation.

In 2021, the "China Disease Prevention and Control Center Weekly" pointed out that mushroom poisoning is one of the most serious food safety issues in my country. 327 times of mushroom poisoning occurred throughout the year, involving 923 patients, of which 20 were killed. kind. The top five provinces in the consumption of mushroom poisoning incidents are Xiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guizhou.

1 Why Wild Bacteria is highly respected

Li Yan, a fungus enthusiast, is born in Dali, Yunnan, grows in Kaiyuan City, Honghe Prefecture. Now he lives in Kunming.

Li Yan said that among the common wild bacteria, she likes chicken, beef liver bacteria, dried Bacteria, green bacteria, the most aroma is the stems, and the "seeing green" in beef liver bacteria. "The fire should be large, the oil is too much, and the meat is fried with the meat, green spicy, and garlic slices, and half of the community is drooling!"

From ancient times to the present, wild edible fungus has been regarded as "Shanzhen". In Japan, it is respected as the "peak of food" on land and is regarded as "God's food" in ancient Rome. Among about 210 countries and regions around the world, there are 47 countries with wild edible bacteria collection traditions and selling wild edible fungi for sale.

What makes food enthusiasts covet, not just the brittle taste of wild edible bacteria, but the umami material in the pot qi is even more irresistible.

Almost all edible fungi contain 8 essential amino acids that the human body cannot make. Yang Xukun, the Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Yunnan Province, etc., after studying the composition of amino acids of Lammachi, beef liver, chicken, chicks, cinema, stems, and block of bacteria on the Kunming market Outside the bacteria, the proportion of umami amino acid content of 6 wild bacteria is above 20%, of which the proportion of umami amino acid content of lumic bacteria reaches 28.65%, indicating that these wild fungus taste is delicious. Essence

Cologne and citrus are characteristic amino acids in umami amino acids, and the umami flavor of glutamic acid is the strongest. Sodium salt of glutamic acid is the protagonist of MSG and chicken essence.

"The vitamin content in edible bacteria is also particularly high, far better than ordinary fruits and vegetables. In addition, it is rich in minerals and certain special biological activated substances, which can enhance human immune function. Hua Rong, deputy director of the Kunming Edible Fungus Research Institute, said that from a nutritional perspective, most edible fungus nutritional ingredients are between meat and fruits and vegetables, which can be called high nutritional value health food.

Among them, the leaders of the pine, a bacterial fungus with a pine and a genus plant root, has very demanding requirements for the growth environment. It is mainly grown in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Heilongjiang, Jilin and other places. On the mountains, the taste is high, and it has not yet achieved artificial planting. In Matsutake's entity, it is highly respected because of precious biological active ingredients such as Matsutake dual -chain polysaccharides, Matsusel, and Matsutake polypeptides. In Japan and South Korea, countless powder is the "king of bacteria" in wild edible bacteria.

my country is the largest producer and exporter in the world, with output accounting for more than 90%of the world, while the origin of Matsutake in Yunnan accounted for more than 70%of the country.

2 What kind of ruthless character is seeing

Recalling the encounter two years ago, the elder sister of Kunming citizens was still afraid.

In July of that year, her son and daughter -in -law took my grandson home for dinner. She picked the best beef liver bacteria on the market to see the green, add green peppers and garlic, and the family ate that night. "The bacteria taste is crispy and refreshing.

At noon the next day, she used a microwave oven to warm up the small half plates in the refrigerator and ate with her husband.

"Who knows, one hour later, the two felt weak and weak, and Venus!" Sister Pu recalled that fortunately, taking advantage of the vague consciousness, they dialed 120 emergency calls. Big injury.

The eldest sister Pu's "recruiting" is also known as "red green onion" and "red hand". After the lid and bacteria are mechanically damaged, they will slowly become light blue to light blue.

Seeing the genus Cyan liver bacteria Clan Mao Niu liver bacteria, it is a new and new species named by bacteria sciences in 2005. This bacteria is rich in places such as Yunnan, Guizhou, and other places, with a protein content of 56 grams per 100 grams of bacteria, which is a source of high -quality protein.

"Seeing Green" Beef liver bacteria into blue (stitching photos)

"Lanmao beef liver bacteria are rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides and other effects, and the taste is strange. But this bacteria are slightly poisonous and are conditional wild edible fungus. There are great hidden dangers like Sister Pu's microwave oven. "Researcher Sun Dafeng, director of the Kunming Edible Fungus Research Institute of China Supply and Marketing Cooperative, China National Supply and Marketing Cooperative, introduced.

In the human brain, the pillow leaf is responsible for handling language, visual information, etc., and the hypothalamus is responsible for handling long -term memory. Usually, these two areas are irrelevant, but the naked lids contained in the hands can allow the two to establish a normal connection. As a result, the situation of "watching villains dancing" and "appreciating blockbusters" appeared. Poisoners would overlap what they saw with the pictures in the memory, and hallucinations, including symptoms such as delusion and fear. In 2006, the study of John Hopkins University in the United States found that after the intake of the active ingredients of the fantasy mushrooms, the naked mushroomin will appear. People discovered their dislas for the first time.

More than 200 years ago, the fungal classification "originator" Forlez said with emotion: "In my research, there is no more tricky thing than beef liver bacteria." And different species division standards and the definition of species in the complex group.

More than 10 years ago, Yunnan was still a pyrina -poisoning area represented by beef liver bacteria, and the loss was very heavy.

"Beef liver bacteria are too important to Yunnan people, and almost occupy half of the half of the wild edible bacteria." Said Yang Zhuliang, director of the East Asian Plant Diversity and Biology Key Laboratory of the Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences The relationship is too complicated. In the early years, it lacked a comprehensive study of it and could not clarify its nutritional or poisoning mechanism.

Today's fungus physicians can use modern molecular biology to study beef liver bacteria. Yang Zhuliang's team published 138 new beef liver bacteria species, accounting for one -third of the number of beef liver bacteria species in my country. At the same time, more than 40 kinds of beef liver bacteria were found in Yunnan's family, and more than 60 kinds of common consumption was common.

"So far, we can clearly tell everyone that which can be eaten, which can lead to 'little people', which are poisonous or even fatal." Yang Zhuliang said.

3 Why the poisonous bacteria are so poisonous

Southwest my country is a paradise for wild bacteria.

There are more than 2,500 wild edible fungi in the world, about 1,000 species in my country, nearly 900 species southwest, accounting for 36%of the total number of global edible fungus species, and 90%of the country. Among them, there are about 100 valuable and important edible bacteria.

However, there are about 400 poisonous bacteria in my country, and half of the southwestern region.

Seeing that the hands of the hands of the hand will make people dancing and laughing and laughing, saying that it may make people laugh, but 70%to 90%of the death goose cream makes people laugh.

In April this year, a hospital in Shenzhen received six patients who had eaten mushroom poisoning. Earlier, they met mushrooms in a park in Pingshan. After eating, diarrhea and vomiting. They eat the "poison king" in mushrooms -fatal goose cream.

In Yunnan, there are more than only food poisoning incidents caused by fatal goose cream. In recent years, there are a large number of poisoning people in recent years. It is Luolang Village, Wangzi Shu Township, Longchuan County, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture, in June 2019. After lunch and dinner, 7 migrant workers have eaten about 2 kilograms of fatal goose cream. Poisoning.

Fatal goose cream is named "White Venom Umbrella" because of the overall white, so the goose paste peptide can cause severe damage to the human liver and kidney cells, causing functional failure of various organs of the human body. This toxin is resistant to high temperature, acid -base and salt. The conventional cooking method cannot destroy its toxicity. If the treatment is not timely, 50 grams of consumption can be killed.

Fatal goose cream. Source: CCTV

"Twelve drama poisonous goose cream species in my country are distributed from north and south, from temperate to tropical." Yang Zhuliang said that reducing such mushroom poisoning incidents can effectively control the death of mushrooms.

In the southwest region, the poison of another poisonous bacteria is not as "vicious" as a goose paste, but the kill rate is extremely high and the blindness is extremely strong -it has neither scary scales, and the bacteria rod wears "skirts in skirts ", A harmless look of humans and animals. It is a mushrooms commonly known as the "Fire Carbon".

Sleeping red mushrooms. Source: Yunnan Disease Control

In July 2019, the 2 -year -old girl in Mansan Village, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, was sent to the provincial capital to rescue the provincial capital with her parents who took the relay of causal poisoning with her parents. Girls' parents died in succession. Fortunately, the hospital was fully rescued, and the little section healed.

The peeling red mushrooms, which are specially produced in East Asia, have a mortality rate of 51%after misdiagnosis. It is the second largest "killer" in the southwestern wild bacteria in my country in recent years.

Researchers have found that the toxins in the Abusal Plome red mushrooms are red mushrooms, propylene-2-licel carboxylic acid, which can cause horizontal muscle to dissolve. It can inhibit the central respiratory system and cause patient respiratory failure.

In addition, the well -known chicken -legged mushrooms are representatives of ghost umbrella edible fungus, and various chicken leg mushroom umbrellas have different content. Ghost umbrellas enter the product of the mandatory metabolism of the human body, which can inhibit the decomposition of ethanol for the human body. This means that if you want to enjoy the delicious mountains and have two cups with your friends, then you may have symptoms such as nausea, nausea, and heartbeat acceleration.

4 How to distinguish whether the mushroom is toxic

The famous writer Wang Zengqi went to school at the Southwest United University and lived in Kunming 7 years before and after. For many years, he has never forgotten the taste of Kunming.

In the essay "The Rain in Kunming", he wrote: "Beltic liver bacteria are like beef liver, slippery, tender, fresh, and fragrant.

In many places, you can often hear the so -called "experience" of "toxic bacteria" "to be toxic when not hacking the garlic" and "the germ and rice reaction to black". In July 2019, Master Jiang of Chu Xiong, Yunnan "used garlic to" poison "with garlic, and sent the whole family to the ICU. Qiuxi, who has been engaged in the communication of natural science popularization culture for many years, told the Science and Technology Daily that these indigenous methods of distinguishing poisonous mushrooms have no scientific basis. Some poisonous mushrooms have oxygenic substances that can make garlic color, but some poisonous mushrooms do not have this characteristic, so the unchanging color of garlic can not prove that mushrooms must be non -toxic. At present, there is no experiment to prove that garlic can remove toxins in toxic bacteria.

Qiuxi also made a video to analyze why the family eats beef liver bacteria. Some people have no matter what happened. "The bacteria behind the spatula is a" fish that missed the net. ' Heat, whoever eats in the family. "

In addition, many methods of recognition of poisonous bacteria circulated by the people are not reliable.

Pyranium 1: "The colorful and good -looking mushrooms are poisonous" "Red Umbrella, White Ring, Lie on the board together at night." In the southwestern region, the typical red umbrella whitepop big red mushrooms are not only diet, but also nutritious and delicious. The scales of poisonous fly umbrellas are very beautiful. It is indeed toxic. It is also beautiful red and yellow goose cream, but it is a well -known edible bacteria at home and abroad. Therefore, it must not be generalized.

Falcon 2: "Do not have maggots, insects do not eat, bitter, and stinky." In fact, many toxic bacteria are harmless to insects, and the famous leopard poison umbrellas are often eaten.

Falcon 3: "Those who are injured and discolored, and the juice juice is poisonous." In fact, it is not the same. Like the injury of pine mushrooms, red juice mushrooms, and milk, they all turn blue -green, but they are delicious edible fungi.

Hua Rong introduced that other falsehoods such as "warts on the cover of the bacteria, toxicity on the handle and the bacteria." This type of bacteria has a large proportion of toxic types, but it is not that the bacteria with this characteristic must be toxic. Many toxic bacteria do not have any special features. The poisonous folds like the usual appearance are very poisonous. Therefore, these circulating statements are used to identify poisonous mushrooms with a variety of types, different forms, and complex toxins. They are not only unsafe, but even very dangerous.

Experts repeatedly reminded that if you pick wild bacteria yourself, you must first distinguish whether it is edible, otherwise only one of them may be poisoned.

Those who have eaten wild fungi after eating wild bacteria to 72 hours, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, irritability or other discomfort may be "eating bacteria" often heard in the Southwest region.

"From a clinical point of view, there are currently no patients with special effects to treat goose paste poisoning poisoning, but early in the early stage can be treated through comprehensive treatment, especially in 48 hours, such as gastrointestinal cleaning, blood purification, drug preservation treatment, etc. Let patients have a certain possibility of survival. "Zheng Fanshuang, director of emergency department of the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, introduced, how can patients reduce the symptoms of poisoning in the first time? First of all, drink a lot of warm water and vomiting, and then you can use spoons, chopsticks, etc. to stimulate throat vomiting to reduce the absorption of toxins. Secondly, you can seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Family members are best to bring bacteria samples to reserve, which can effectively help doctors determine the treatment measures and judgment prognosis.

At the same time, regardless of the symptoms of the same meals, they should immediately go to the nearby hospital for observation and treatment.

5 market management and popular science propaganda how to do it

Li Juanjuan and Wan Rong, such as the Nutrition and Food Health Center of the Yunnan Provincial Disease Prevention and Control Center, have performed the analysis of wild fungus poisoning in Yunnan Province in 2015. That year, Yunnan Province passed the national food -based disease outbreak report system, reporting a total of 373 wild fungus poisoning incidents, 1570 poisoning and 33 deaths.

The report shows that the level of rural wild bacteria poisoning is significantly higher than that of cities and towns, and families are high incidence places for wild fungus poisoning. Effective measures should be taken to monitor and manage high -incidence season, high -incidence areas, and high -incidence places.

Due to the years of spreading scientific edible wild fungi knowledge, people call Yang Zhuliang "Mr. Mushroom." In recent years, he has summarized "wearing a hat, waist skirt, shoes on his feet, and mushrooms with the above characteristics. Don't eat it; don't eat your unknown mushrooms". "

In Kunming's largest vegetable market, the new market, "common poisonous bacteria (poisonous mushrooms)" in Yunnan can be seen everywhere. The bold font of "not picking, not acquiring, not processing, and not eating" is alert.

This propaganda painting that must be in the vegetable markets and villages and towns in Yunnan is the popular science work of Yang Zhuliang's team. It has now been updated to the 2022 edition. At the same time, high -definition maps also frequently appear on mobile phone new media.

In order to avoid improper processing, "seeing the little people", the 2022 version of the chart directly pulled the "Langmao beef liver bacteria" loved by Yunnan people into the "blacklist".

Lanmao Niobacteria. Picture source: Yunnan Disease Control

For a long time, the medical control and market supervision departments of Yunnan have also attached great importance to the popularization of wild bacteria, strengthened market early warning and supervision, and emphasized that high -risk foods such as wild fungi do not enter the public cafeteria or have a wedding banquet.

"Because wild bacteria poisoning is relatively concentrated in a certain region and time, the localities should establish a sound supporting policy to enhance the enthusiasm of supervision. At the same time, it will improve the place where wild fungus poisoning medical treatment is used to truly protect the lives of the people's lives. "Hua Rong believes.

Short videos have become one of the most vivid means of communication at the moment.As the new media joined for publicity and promotion, the pathogenesis of wild fungi poisoning declined."Then please learn to distinguish, who says the appearance of each mushroom, who is cautious, isn't it a hero?" Recently, the "Mushroom Brave" produced by Dehong Prefecture Mangshi Market Supervision Bureau and Dehong Prefecture Radio and Television Station, inVarious video platforms swipe screens.

The concept of "cautious bacteria needs to be cautious" is implanting more people's hearts.On June 27, at a press conference held by the National Committee of Health and Health, Li Ning, director of the National Food Safety Risk Evaluation Center, said that the risk prompts were issued in a timely manner to strengthen the high incidence of poisoning, and consumers do not pick up wild mushrooms.Targeted popular science propaganda, the number of poisonous mushroom poisoning and the number of deaths in the country decreased significantly.

In 2021, the "China Disease Prevention and Control Center Weekly" pointed out that in the past three years, Yunnan Province ranked first in the country for eating toxic wild bacteria, but declined significantly.

◎ Source: Science and Technology Daily; Science and Technology Daily Reporter Zhao Hanbin; Planning: Zhao Yingshu and Tengli Lin Lijun.

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