Human Moon Day ｜ Review of the "first" of the journey of the lunar exploration of China

The moon is the closest celestial body from the earth, and the only natural satellite surrounding the earth. People's concern and exploration of the moon have begun since the birth of humans. The moon can be said to be one of the first celestial bodies we met when we were young.

With the longing for the moon, on July 20, 1969, human footprints stayed on the moon for the first time, and this is also the first step in humanity to explore and take out of external space.

People's curiosity about the moon did not terminate because of the successful lunar exploration of the moon. For our country, there are satellites such as Chang'e 1, No. 2, and No. 3 to go to the moon. Looking back on China's lunar journey.

Chang'e No. 1 -China Test at the beginning of the lunar exploration

In January 2004, the State Council approved the first project of the Monthly Monthly Project in my country and named it "Chang'e Project". The launch of the "Chang'e Project" opened the prelude to my country's moon and deep space detection.

A batch of early Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as Xiguang Institute) at the core of Researcher Yang Jianfeng (hereinafter referred to as Xiguang Institute), followed the national pace to the development of the CE-1 satellite CCD stereo camera and interference imaging spectrometer. The main task is to obtain the three -dimensional three -dimensional image and analyze the content and distribution of the useful elements and material types on the moon surface.

CE-1 satellite CCD stereo camera (Picture Source: Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute)

In the face of the lack of experience in the first lunar exploration, the entire team overtime added points. Through rounds of discussion and continuous iteration, the innovation plan of "single lens+large -faced array" was finally proposed.

On October 24, 2007, Chang'e-1 detection satellite launch successfully, and the CE-1 satellite CCD stereo camera successfully obtained the first moon image of China's first lunar detection project.

China's first moon exploration project's first monthly image (picture source: Institute

The CE-1 satellite CCD stereo camera uses a line array scanning to work. The rail height is about 200km. The width width of the moon surface of each orbit is 60km. The country has reached the world's leading level.

The CE-1 satellite interference imaging spectrometer successfully obtained a clear multi-spectrum image of 79 % of the full monthly area, and it is also the first time in the world to obtain 480nm-960nm 32-spectrum segment continuous spectrum and images. Provide scientists with a source of native information with independent intellectual property rights for scientists.

79 % of the 79 % of the full month's clear multi -spectrometer (Picture Source: Institute

CCD three -dimensional camera -constantly self -innovation

On October 1, 2010, the Chang'e -2 satellite was successfully launched. The CE-2 satellite CCD stereo camera, developed by the Moon and Deep Space detection teams from Xiguang Institute, increased from 120 meters of CE-1 satellite CCD stereo camera to 7 meters, which increased by 17 times. Leading the full month's image map "was selected by the academicians of the two hospitals as the fourth of the" 2012 Hanyin Cup China Top Ten Science and Technology Progress News ", and the achievement level is internationally leading.

CE-2 satellite CCD stereo camera (Picture Source: Institute of Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research in the Chinese Academy of Sciences)

For the first time, a photo of the Hongwan area with a resolution of 1 meter (picture source: the Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences)

On December 2, 2013, the Chang'e -3 satellite was successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The Moon and Deep Space Detective Team of Xiguang Institute developed the two equipment of Chang'e III effectively loaded the "Yutu" lunar car and Moon -based optical telescope. Essence

CE-3 panoramic camera weight exceeded 650G. The color photo of the lander was obtained on the track, marking the successful success of Chang'e III mission.

CE-3 panoramic camera (picture source: Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute)

CE-3 Panorama camera shot photo (picture source: Institute

The CE-March base of optical telescope uses the advantages of no atmospheric interference and self-rotation of the moon, and conducts long-term continuous monitoring of the celestial bodies in the near-ultraviolet band to complete the astronomical observation tasks that the ground cannot achieve.

The CE-March base of optical telescope is the one-year-old astronomical telescope. It realizes two "human beings" for the first time: relying on the outdoor celestial platform to carry out independent astronomical observations, and the first monthly foundation-foundation astronomical observation. The CE-March base telescope is the longest load of CE-3 satellites in the rail.

CE-March base optical telescope (Picture Source: Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute)

CE-March base optical telescope observation of the star body (picture source: Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute)

Clear sampling -the lunar exploration to the next level

On December 8, 2018, Chang'e -4 successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Chang'e -4 successfully landed on the back of the moon. For the first time, all human beings realized the soft landing of the moon.

The Chang'e -4 developed by the Moon and Deep Space Detective Team of Xiguang Institute Effective loaded the "Jade Rabbit" moonlight panoramic camera to complete the task, witnessed the first detection of the monthly back of the moon, and for the first time obtained the 360 ​​° of Feng Carmen's impact on the pit for the first time. Panorama image. CE-4 panoramic camera (picture source: Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute)

CE-4 Panorama camera shooting moon-back underwriter photo (picture source: Institute of Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research in Xi'an Academy of Sciences)

On November 24, 2020, the Chang'e -5 detector was successfully launched at the Wenchang Aerospace launcher in China. It was also the first monthly sample to and from the Chang'e III project "sampling and return" task.

The CE-5 panoramic camera developed by the Moon and Deep Space Detective Team of Xiguang is its important load. It is responsible for the task of obtaining high-resolution images, geological geological detection, and national flag imaging.

CE-5 panoramic camera (picture source: Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research Institute)

The weight of the CE-5 panoramic camera continues to be optimized, and the single weight finally exceeds 450G. The CE-5 panoramic camera transmits data under the track work that the national flag image is clear and full of color.

CE-5 panoramic camera circulation imaging, shooting five-star red flags successfully expanded on the moon (Picture Source: Institute

The pace of human exploration of the moon is endless, the development of aerospace industry, and building a aerospace power. Our mission is far away. In the future, human exploration methods will be more diversified, the detection methods will continue to expand, the spatial objects of exploration will be more diversified, and the detection distance will be extended to a more distant space.

Produced: Popular Science China

Production: Lu Baogang (Institute of Xi'an Optical Precision Machinery Research in the Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

Edit: Wang Tingting

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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