Will the moon become the "transit station" of humans on Mars?Academic Answer

Today is a human lunar day. On July 20, 1969, human beings were successful for the first time. From the moon landing to the distant look at Mars, human exploration of the sea of ​​the stars has never stopped. As early as 1877, many astronomers observed Mars with a telescope. In 1960, humans began to detect Mars. So far, humans are still trying to solve more secrets about Mars. Has Mars bred life? Why is there no drop of water in Mars now? What are the difficulties of people to board the Mars? Is it possible for humans to settle in Mars?

The Voice of China Central China and China Science and Technology Center of China Science and Technology Association launched the full media science popularization column -the master class "Scientist Lecture Science". Twenty academicians talked about hot events and answered questions for the public. In this issue, there are Ouyang Ziyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the first chief scientist of China ’s lunar exploration project to take you to explore the mystery of the moon and Mars

The satellite of the earth is "daughter"

Mars' satellite is "adopted son"

How did the moon form? Ouyang Ziyuan introduced that the moon is the real "daughter" of the earth. For hundreds of millions of years, the moon has blocked the earth for the earth with his body, and silently guarded his "mother" silently.

"A small celestial body hit the earth, the crushed blocks of the earth gathered, and finally became the moon, so the moon was the" daughter of the earth ". We did the 'gene identification' to show that their sources were the same, so the moon has always accompanied themselves with ourselves. 'Mother' has experienced a long days of 450 million years. The moon has always guarded her mother, and the surface was potholed by the small celestial body to make some small celestial bodies not hit the earth. "

The earth has a satellite moon with a diameter of 2480 kilometers. In contrast, Mars is very different. There are two small satellites in Mars, with a slightly larger satellite diameter of about 54 kilometers, and another satellite diameter is only 30 kilometers. In addition, Mars' satellites are only "adopted sons". These two small satellites just walked near Mars and were "caught". Even if there are so many differences, Mars is still the most like the earth in the solar system.

"The rotation of the earth is not rotating straight, it is crooked 23 degrees, and Mars is crooked 24 degrees. These two celestial bodies are crooked and turning around the sun at the same time, so that the earth and Mars will produce spring, summer, autumn and winter. The change."

The atmosphere on the earth is mainly nitrogen, and about 21%of the oxygen, and other gases. The atmosphere of Mars is mainly carbon dioxide. The atmosphere density is very low, only 1%of the earth, so the air surface of Mars is very thin, humans have no human beings, no human beings do not have no human beings. The help of the outside world cannot breathe and survive on Mars.

Mars has water

Why is it disappearing now?

More than 100 years ago, astronomers used to observe Mars with a telescope and found that there were suspected irrigation canal on Mars. After that, there were photos of Mars suspected of civilization, which made humans start a series of fantasies about Mars. Since 1960, humans have begun to concentrate on the detection of strength, hoping to understand whether Mars has life.

Ouyang Ziyuan believes that this is actually a misunderstanding of Mars civilization, just photos that happened because of different light.

"In 2011, a meteorite landed in the Morocco Desert and was a stone falling from Mars. Chinese scientists bought this stone for research. Under the electronic microscope, there are many small points of carbon granules. We do the analysis of isotopes, prove that carbon comes from life, that is, Mars has lived, this is a very important discovery. "

△ Titsen special Mars meteorite landed in the desert of Morocco in 2011

In May of this year, when the "Zhu Rong" of the Tianwen Martian car "Zhu Rong" was found to be found in Mars. As the source of life, water is also a proof of life on Mars.

Ouyang explained that there is indeed a complete water body on Mars, just like the earth, there are rivers, lakes, and oceans, but now Mars' water has drilled to the ground.

"There is no drop of water on the surface of Mars. There is a little ice on the surface of the Mars, mainly dry ice, because its atmosphere is carbon dioxide, and dry ice is easy to form. Its water is basically turned to the ground, and some have escaped. Because Mars is smaller than the earth. "

Many mineral water contains water, but only structural water, not free water. Ouyang Ziyuan said that structural water is that water molecules participate in the crystal structure of minerals. For example, the plaster is water, but the water content is too small. Various data prove that there is no sign of life on Mars.

"For example, on the earth, no one takes plaster to boil water. This kind of water has no use value. Its content is a few million."

Solve water supply, oxygen supply, and low temperature

Immigration Mars must overcome difficulties

65 million years ago, a celestial body of 10 kilometers hit the earth and "dug" a huge impact pit on the Mexican Peninsula, which caused a global fire and huge tsunami. The extinction of 1 million species. In order to make humans have a second home, scientists have turned their attention to Mars that are most like the earth in the solar system. So how do you turn Mars into a second earth?

Some scientists have suggested that carbon dioxide is discharged more on Mars to produce greenhouse effects and increase the surface temperature. This can melt the ice of the North and South Polar, and the water near the equator can become liquid flowing, and then quote some plants on the earth. Let it reproduce and produce oxygen. Human beings may transform Mars, a barren planet into a new world with a blue sky, green plain, and blue lake through several centuries efforts. In the future, the earth and Mars may become a community of sisters that continue to develop in human society. For humans, from the fantasy Mars, there has been life and even the earth's civilization. Now it will go to Mars to bred a new civilization. This is the dream of scientists.

"Mars has changed from a red Mars to a green Mars, with vegetation, and then becoming a blue Mars, with water system ... In this way, humans can survive and move there."

Because the earth is around the sun, Mars is also around the sun, plus rotation and other factors, it takes 26 months to go to Mars to have a chance. You must wait for 26 months to start again. In order to shorten the distance to land on Mars, you must choose between Mars and Earth to show the aircraft to set off, and then fly along a special track for about 7 months.

How can humans reach Mars smoothly at such a distance? Ouyang Ziyuan's suggestion is that at the moon construction base, the moon is set off to Mars with the springboard, and can fly further in the future and fly to Jupiter.

Ouyang Ziyuan said, "The gravity of the moon is small, and the energy used in the launch of the rocket is as long as one -sixth of the earth. In addition, the moon is closer to the earth, and it is convenient to transport materials."

Source: Voice of China of Central Radio and Television Station

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