5G is not useful yet, 5.5G is here again?

Hello everyone, I am Xiao Zaojun.

Some time ago was the 5G card release on June 6, and the R17 standard frozen on June 9th, so the industry was particularly lively and the event was special

many.

These dense business activities have spawned a large number of news reports, which has caused the whole society to 5G, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced, R17, R18

Follow the upsurge.

For foreigners, it will be more confused--

What is 5G-Advanced? What is 5.5G? Why not 6G? 5.5G and 5G, what is the difference?

Today, I try to use the "speaking" method to give you a clear 5.5G ins and out.

█ What is 5.5g?

5.5G, everyone should know, in fact, it is the transition phase between 5G and 6G.

As we all know, mobile communication technology is almost a generation every ten years.

However, because the technology has developed too fast, the technical differences between the integer generation and the integer generation are too large. At this time, you need to be in the middle stage

The technology is named to display the difference between the previous generation and the descendants.

This gameplay started at 2/3G. GPRS was once called 2.5G, between 2G GSM and 3G UMTS. There is also a more outrageous

2.75g, which is Edge.

When LTE appeared, because the technical indicators did not meet the requirements of the ITU International Electric Federation for 4G, it was also called 3.9G. Later, based on

LTE, LTE-Advanced is the real 4G.

Before 5G was born, the industry had been called 4.5G and Pre5G in the industry, but the time was short and the average.

This time, based on the evolution of 5G, people used previous habits, so they were named 5.5G. In fact, the essence of 5.5G is 5G-

Advanced.

Students who are familiar with the communication industry know that the international standard organization 3GPP is to promote technological evolutionary research by constantly publishing Release (version)

Research. Each release includes a bunch of technology. Everyone desperately meets, discusses the technical details, and then vote for it. Even if it is Release

Frozen.

What about this release is almost one every two years. But the communication network system is another generation every ten years. That means, every one

The integer generation will go through about 5-6 Release.

5.5G this time is actually the first stage of the R15-R17 as the 5G standard, and the R18-R20 is the second stage of the 5G standard.

Segmentation. After the R20 is over, it is time to debut at almost 6G (around 2028-2030).

Therefore, 5.5G (5G-Advanced) is the transition and connection between 5G and 6G, which will last for about 5 years.

5G-Advanced was officially identified as a 5G evolution name in April 2021. In December 2021, the 3GPP SA2 plenary session passed the vote,

The 28 research topics of the R18 version are equivalent to determining the first wave of key technologies of 5G-Advanced.

Xiao Zaojun refers to the calculation that the R18 freezing should be at the end of 2023, or even the first half of 2024 (considering the uncertainty of the epidemic). Again

After the version is frozen, the industry will only take at least one year to mature.

Therefore, when everyone really saw the 5G-Advanced landing, it was also a matter of the first half of 2025. There are still three years before, don't you need to be too needed

urgent.

R18's time point plan (picture comes from 3GPP)

What does █5.5G include?

After speaking, 5.5G timeline, let's take a closer look at the new content of 5.5G.

In fact, 5.5G is a transition, and it is impossible to have any disruptive changes. Even if it is 6G, I can't see any "shocking world

Vulgar "shadow of black technology.

5.5G's main mission, there are two:

The first is to check the missing and supplement, correct the 5G place and strengthen it. The second is the new copy, according to the development of the industry, let's get hot

Click to step on the thunder for 6G.

The current development of 5G, frankly, belongs to joy and worry, each accounts for half.

For three years of commercial use, the money has been smashed a lot, and the Internet has been basically built. More than 1.6 million stations, more than 400 million users, 100%coverage of prefecture -level cities,

The achievements can be described as bright, and the world cannot surpass the world.

However, in terms of C -end user experience, users have no obvious difference in perception. 5G did not get the most expected praise, but also carried 4G

Speed ​​-limited pot.

On the B -end user, 5G is still in a state of anxiety. Although industry application cases have reached more than 20,000, it still guarantees the focus of centralized resources.

The head users are mainly. Many construction funds are also from government investment. To put it plainly, 5G is still "Wang Xietang Qianyan", and has not flew into "ordinary

The people's home ".

The problem of 5G involves many factors such as chip costs, external macro environment, and management of the company's own management. I have said it before that I will not beep today

It's right.

5.5G, as a technical evolution of 5G, cannot solve the problem of non -technical problems that plague 5G development. Therefore, it can only choose to turn a blind eye, solve technical problems, and do something that can do.

What can I do technically? To put it plainly, it is still the old set of speed, delay, connection scale, and energy consumption. Continue to dig the potential on the technical indicators,

Continue to squeeze toothpaste.

On the basis of the 5G pan gigabit experience and the tens of billions of connections, 5.5G will further upgrade the indicators to: Pan -Panzoral Experience, 100 billion connections.

Specifically, 5G-Advanced will have to achieve the peak rate of downward 10 gigabit (10Gbps), uplink Gigabit (1Gbps), and milliseconds

Level delay and low cost 100 billion United States.

In order to meet the more and more hot positioning needs (especially indoor positioning), 5G-Advanced also emphasized that they will have a stronger end

I feel the ability to perceive and high -precision positioning. These capabilities mean that 5G is no longer limited to connection technology, exceeding the scope of communication.

In order to reflect the differences between 5.5G and 5G, experts and manufacturers were also upgraded on the basis of the 5G traditional scene triangle, and became a hexagonal. new

The increase is UCBC, RTBC (broadband real -time interaction) and HCS (communication perception fusion).

To be honest, in addition to the integration of HCS communication perception, UCBC and RTBC should actually be the fan of EMBB (oversized bandwidth)

Straight.

█5.5G technology evolution route

Let's take a look at the key technologies of 5.5G.

First look at the rate. Speed ​​is the first indicator of the communication network and the object that people focus on.

In the current situation where the electromagnetic theory does not break through, all 5G rate advantages are actually exchanged for spectrum bandwidth.

Just like farming, it is such a large piece of field. No matter how well you take care, you use pesticide fertilizers and miscellaneous rice. Its output is limited.

of.

The modulation method has been 256QAM and 1024QAM. Then, the requirements for channels are too high, and the consumption of computing power algorithms is also very large. Multi -site

Reuse, channel encoding, and use, it is also used, basically approaching the limits of Kannon, there is really no room for improvement.

The only one that can be done is to make articles on the spectrum.

Or, the sharing of dynamic spectrum is actually to "activate" the existing spectrum and borrow the 3G/4G spectrum to 5G to enhance the bandwidth.

Either, carrier wave aggregation, use co -construction and sharing, gather all the spectrum in your hand, to achieve bandwidth improvement.

In order to grab the spectrum, 3GPP also hit the Wi-Fi frequency band, intending to grab the spectrum on the free frequency band of 2.4GHz and 5GHz

use. This is the 5G NR-U (5G Newradio in UnlicenSed Spectrum).

5.5G's larger saliva is the 6GHz frequency band. This big fat, everyone wants, Wi-Fi6e and Wi-Fi7 also want, so compete for wrong

Often fierce.

If the operator wants to achieve a peak rate of 5.5G downward 10,000 mega, it must increase the current spectrum resources that currently have, from 100M HZ levels to Gigabit Hz level

do not.

Judging from the style of state -owned enterprises, the probability of operators to get the domestic 6GHz band is still very high.

In addition, we have very few available frequency band resources in this range (intermediate frequency). If the operator does not grab the 6GHz frequency band, there will be no in the future

road.

In addition to the downlink, another prominent problem about the rate is upward.

With the emergence and outbreak of large -scale business needs such as video surveillance, high -definition film and television live broadcast, 3D modeling on the cloud rendering, etc., experts in the communication industry

We suddenly discovered that their demand for 5G uplink was insufficient, and the reserved bandwidth was not enough.

5G frame structure design can be changed. However, in general, the relationship between downside and uplink is 8: 2. The frame is actually a carriage, for 8 compartment

Delivery down the goods, two carriages are used to transport the goods up.

This is based on the common data consumption habits of our mobile Internet. If you think about it, you can understand that most of us are watching it most of the time

Frequency, watching web pages, playing games, so the demand for downlink data is significantly greater than uplink (uploading).

In order to solve this problem, there are two ways: one is the upper and lower decoupling I have introduced before, which is to use a low -frequency band with stronger coverage.

Do it, and then use high frequency as a downward. The other is to make articles on the distribution of frames to use more frames to upward and change the ratio of up and down.

It is worth mentioning that solving the problem of delay is also mainly making articles on frames and time slots. If the frame is smaller and more flexible, it is equivalent to a car

Motorcycles can reduce the delay in the empty mouth.

In order to achieve more flexible uplink and downlink needs, 3GPP is also based on traditional FDD and TDD.

It is mixed with FDD and TDD. For example, "downlink frequency points, uplink time", play the flexibility to the extreme, how to be happy.

After "spectrum bandwidth", it is inevitable to encounter coverage.

I repeatedly mentioned that the higher the frequency band, the shorter the wavelength, the poor shooting capacity, and the short coverage. 2.6GHz, 3.5GHz, 4.9GHz, a worse capacity than the other, the 6GHz they want to grab is worse.

Therefore, to solve the problem of coverage, you need to do a lot of articles.

At present, the main research and development direction is antenna technology.

Huawei's big brother said that 6GHz Herz is a 2.6GHz frequency band, with 7 more DB loss in space dissemination. If you want to make up for this loss, you must

Massive mimo is more powerful than the current large -scale antenna array.

The picture comes from Huawei, ELAA-MM is the large-scale antenna array Massive MIMO

In 192/256, it was not enough, and it was directly dried to 700 or even 1,000. The number of channels must also be soared, more than 192.

The more the number of vibrations, the more powerful the bundle is, the flattera is flattened, and the coverage distance can be enhanced.

There are not many tricks that can be played in the empty mouth. 5.5G and even 6G network core indicators basically count on spectrum and frame structures. The road ahead is slim.

But having said that, how many scenes of the downside of the thousands of gadgets are still very doubtful. Last year, the clouds burst into fire, which led the XR industry.

Even XR is less than 10,000 mega.

Thousands of demand may exist. What I can think of is only holographic communication. To be honest, I think this thing is still far away.

After speaking, the wireless empty mouth, let's take a look at something else.

The carrier network will not say that the transmission technology has always been played by itself, which has nothing to do with 3GPP, and 5.5G did not mention much. Want to know this part

Knowing, you can see the evolution of transmission technology separately before.

Focus on the core network.

In 5.5G, the development direction of the core network is still the "cloud network integration" and "cloud network integration" of the old bomb. Now the computing power network is very hot, there are also band

Some subtle changes in the development trend of 5G cloud core network.

5G has now achieved the cloudization and virtualization of the core network. The SBA architecture has been implemented. From the perspective of effect, the benefits are not obvious. According to

My personal view is actually pseudo -deficiency, and the manufacturer is strongly bound.

What the operator is doing is the integration. In other words, the 2/3/4G core network is integrated into the 5G cloud core network to simplify the network architecture.

Reduce the burden of network operation and maintenance.

Under the trend of the integration of Yunwang, operators have the urge to merge the telecommunications cloud completely with the Internet cloud, but the step is a bit big, not too dare to this.

What dry. After all, the telecommunications business is its own foundation. In case of a problem, it cannot afford this responsibility.

On the basis of the existing cloudization, the operator is also considering further promoting the native cloud, hoping to make your cloud more flexible, more suitable for development and testing

try. Yunyuan has another advantage, that is, through software optimization, the utilization rate of hardware resources can be further improved, that is, to increase the return on investment

Rate (or to save money).

The core network is deepened, and it is said to be a prerequisite for achieving endogenous security of the network.

I don't know much about endogenous security, but I have always felt that this concept is more suspended. I think all the security should be based on computing power,

It is an unimaginable thing to achieve safety from the design improvement from the architecture. (Talk about this topic after another day.)

When it comes to Yunnuyinxin.com, edge calculations have to be mentioned.

The edge computing is the sinking power of cloud computing computing power, and it opens a door to the new world for operators. The operator suddenly found that it turned out to be their own website

Each node of the collaterals can be deployed. As a result, many application scenarios have been incubated. Especially in the face of the direction of the company's TOB special network, edge

Calculation can meet the requirements of many low latency and large bandwidth scenes, so the development prospects are broad.

Internet manufacturers and operators have focused on the edge calculation of this big cake. The operator has the Internet in the operator, and the Internet manufacturer has cloud technology in the hands of the Internet manufacturers, so

There are offensive and defensive.

There is a technology that has landing on the wireless access network, carrying network, and core network, and it is the popularity of the current research of the communication industry, that is, AI artificial

intelligent.

AI is a golden oil. It is a form of computing power.

The technologies in the field of communication are mathematics and calculations. For example, high -level modulation (above 1024QAM), such as wireless network

Link optimization and simulation, such as path planning of the SDN SDN, and the core network slicing and resource scheduling.

In the 5.5G stage, each communication company will continue to strengthen the investment of AI. Some are to achieve stronger algorithms, improve network indicators, and improve use

Household experience. Some are to engage in models, optimize the network, realize network self -management, independent failure recovery, and reduce the cost of network operation and maintenance. There are also

In order to save energy saving, judge the change of load, and dynamically adjust the power.

In the next few years, I believe that there will be a large number of "AI+communication" cases, and the network operation and maintenance model may undergo disruptive changes.

In addition to enhancing its own ability, 5.5G is still trying to explore more applications.

Among them, high -precision positioning, ranging and perception enhancement. This type of demand mainly comes from vehicle positioning management, logistics tracking, and asset management

reason. The main application direction is the indoor scene that satellites cannot cover, as well as high -precision scenarios that satellites and other technologies cannot achieve.

In the ideas of experts, 5G is not used only for communication, but it can also perceive the environment like a radar, capture and calculate the target

The distance, speed and shape of the elephant. This is the so -called "integration of generalization."

The integration of emptiness is also the focus of 5.5G research. Limited to the length, let's talk about it all day long, dig a pit first.

Finally, I want to talk about the passive IoT.

As I said earlier, 5.5G is also hot spots, the Yuan universe must be stubborn, and the passive IoT must also be stunned.

I used to introduce the passive IoT in detail before. In fact, to put it plainly, the terminal does not have power and batteries. Through the Internet, go to "illuminating"

The terminal, like the bus card RFID technology, perceive the "irradiation" of the network and respond to feedback the data.

It has the advantages of low -cost, zero power consumption, and easy deployment. In the future, all our retail products may be matched with source -free IoT technology to achieve business

The management of the product of the product.

This technology is not as simple as imagined. In addition to the more concise agreement needs, security certification and network architecture optim

Do work. 5.5G potential competitors also have a lot of competitors. In terms of passive IoT, they may not have an advantage.

█ Conclusion

Well, so much said so much, everyone should know 5.5G. There are actually many key technologies, but in general, my base

It has been mentioned in this.

The development ideas of 5.5G are basically consistent with the predictions when we judge 6G in previous years.

In summary, it is capacity enhancement, introduction of AI, and functional fusion. Make yourself stronger, easier to maintain, green and environmentally friendly, and save money

Save manpower, so that you can better use the value of your connection, serve computing power, and serve digital transformation.

R18 is currently on the road, and where 5.5G goes, let's wait and see.

- END -