Focus on the Farmer Daily: Let the rice bowl install more "Jilin grains"

Rice Planting Base in Yitong Manchu Autonomous County, Jilin Province. Data map

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Jilin Province has thoroughly implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech instructions, based on the maintenance of the national food security, and resolutely put food production in the primary position, and in -depth implementation of food hiding in land, hiding grain in the technical strategy. Pay close attention to policy guarantees, strengthen scientific and technological support, actively implement disaster prevention and mitigation measures, solidly promote the development of grain production, and make every effort to provide food stabilized. The province's grain output has exceeded 70 billion catties for 9 consecutive years, and in 2021 reached 80.784 billion kg. Since 2012, it has produced a total of 772.9 billion kg of grain, which has contributed to Jilin for maintaining national food security.

The protection mode has gradually improved the quality of cultivated land significantly

Black land is the most fertile soil in the world and the most precious arable land in my country. Jilin Province is located in the core area of ​​black land in the northeast. Black land is rich in resources. It is known as the "Hometown of Black Land". The area of ​​black land arable land is 98.11 million mu, accounting for 87 % of the province's total cultivated land, covering 9 cities (states) in the province 60 counties (cities, districts), of which a typical black soil area arable land area was 720.024 million mu, accounting for 64 % of the province's total cultivated land area, covering 26 cities and counties, contributed to about 80 % of the province's grain production, and to create the world " The golden corn belt "" Golden rice belt "provides strong support, which has made significant contributions to ensuring national food security.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has always been concerned about caring for black land. In 5 years, he inspected Jilin's guidance three times, especially from July 22 to 24, 2020. Effectively protect and use the giant panda in the cultivated land so that the important instructions for the benefit of the people will always be benefited. " The Jilin Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government conscientiously implement the spirit of the general secretary's instructions, attach great importance to the protection and utilization of black land, promulgated and implemented the nation's first black soil protection local regulations, and set up the country's first soil measuring formula fertilizer mobile phone information service system. The first Black Land Protection Academician workstation, which has developed and produced the country's first traction -type heavy -duty -exempting seeding machine. It formulates the first protective farming technical specifications in the country. "In the province, the extensive consensus of" protecting the eyes like the eyes to protect the eyes "effectively curbed the trend of black land degradation, and provided strong support for the province's grain output of 80 billion pounds.

Wang Guiman, one of the sponsors of the pear tree model, Wang Guiman, the head of the agricultural technology promotion station of Lishu County: "Lishu model, the core is the return of straw to the field. In the past, farmers planted corn for one season. The structure of the black soil layer. Coupled with a large amount of fertilizer for plunder production, the protection of the protection has reduced the thickness of the black soil by nearly 40 cm in 30 years. Mechanized planting, cleaning straw, ditch, fertilization, sowing, soil covering, suppression, etc. can be completed at one time, which greatly protects the black soil layer. "

It is understood that using this cultivation technology, the organic matter content of rotting the soil rotten soil in straw is increased. After 5 years, the organic matter of the soil can increase by about 20 %, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers by about 20 %; The number of earthworms per square meter of earthworms is about 60-100, and there are only 7 conventional farming, which is more than ten times that of conventional cultivation. The stalks are covered on the surface, reducing the erosion of the wind to the soil, and the average of 60 % of the runoff can be reduced and the soil loss is about 80 %; water storage and water, all straw covers the plot, reduce water evaporation and ascension, which is equivalent to an increase of 40-50 by 40-50 Millimeter precipitation; the plot covered by straw can reduce the amount of wind erosion by more than 800 tons per hectare, which inhibits the formation of "sandstorms". At the same time, it plays an effective role in effectively preventing straw and slowing down the formation of "haze"; production costs are greatly saved It can save costs 1,000-1400 yuan per hectare; increased production, and through positioning tests, the average output is generally 5 % -10 % higher. The research and promotion of the pear tree model began in 2007. At present, the promotion area in the country has reached 50 million acres. It has reached 32.83 million mu in Jilin Province. Grain production is also an amazing number.

Integrated water and fertilizer increase and increase income

Jilin Province always keeps in mind that General Secretary Xi Jinping's instructions will fill the Chinese rice bowl to fill Chinese food. In 2022, Jilin Province fully launched the "100 billion -pound grain production project", and strived to reach 100 billion jin of grain production capacity through about ten years. Agricultural experts in Jilin Province set their sights on the cultivated land area of ​​2.197 million hectares of hectare. Half -arid areas.

The semi -arid areas of western Jilin mainly include Baicheng, Songyuan, and western Siping and Western Changchun. The annual precipitation is only 300 to 450 mm. Although these areas have a small precipitation, the groundwater resources are relatively abundant. There are 133,900 eye wells, and the supporting facilities are available. In recent years, a series of water conservancy projects, such as the connection of rivers and lakes in the province, the tenderness of the white, and the Hada Mountains and Water Conservancy Hub, have further effectively used transit water. These basic conditions provide effective measures and possibilities for the solution of seasonal drought in the West.

Taking corn as an example, the data in recent years shows that the total area of ​​corn sowing in Jilin Province is 4.2461 million hectares, with a total output of 58.791 billion kg, and an average yield of 13845.8 catties/hectare. The total area of ​​corn sowing in the western Baicheng and Songyuan region was 1.269 million hectares, accounting for 29.87 % of the total area of ​​corn sowing in Jilin Province; the total output of corn in the two cities and counties reached 16.817 billion catties, accounting for 28.6 % of the province; The difference between the production is nearly 600 catties/hectares, and the total sowing area is large. The reporter's investigation found that the scientific research team of Jilin Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences used the two -year scientific research and innovation of the western corn water and fertilizer integrated production and effects of production effects to promote and apply it in the western region. The average hectare increased by 5400-6000 catties, an increase of more than 30 %, the efficiency of water utilization increased by 43.0 %, the fertilizer utilization rate increased by 30.0 %, and the comprehensive income per hectare increased by more than 4,800 yuan. Experts introduced that new technologies can achieve "three highs, five, five lows and one drive", that is,: increased corn production, improvement of water and fertilizer efficiency, improvement of economic benefits, reducing waste of water resources, reducing fertilizer investment, reducing environmental pollution, reducing the number of operations, reducing labor Strong, drive the development of related industries and help rural revitalization.

"The corn water and fertilizer integration planting base has generated generous benefits in 2021. Under the condition of severe natural disasters, the hectare output reaches 30,000 pounds, creating a new high yield of local corn, and the average output is more than the routine planting model of the surrounding farmers. More than 40 %, an increase of 8,000 catties of food for hectare, and an increase of 6920 yuan. "An expert from the Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department of Jilin Province told reporters. The reason why water and fertilizer integration technology is easy to promote is the word "precision". Its core role is during the different periods of fertility of corn. According to the growth of corn, it is necessary to accurately provide water and fertilizer to corn to ensure that water fertilizer is sufficient but not wasted, forming a "intelligent" under artificial operation. After multiple rounds of surveys and production of experts, the average output of integrated water and fertilizer technology reached 24,000 kilograms, an increase of 6,000 catties per hectare, and an increase of 4,800 yuan.

The total seedling area of ​​corn in the western half -arid areas is about 1.666 million hectares. Based on this proportion, the total potential for increasing the western production does not be less than 10 billion kilograms.

Liu Xuejun, a farmer, a farmer in Nanjiao, Nanjiao Village, Xunfu Township, Baicheng City, is the beneficiary of the new technology and new model. In 2021, his corn output was 24878.58 catties/hectares, an increase of 5118.38 catties/hectares, an increase of 25.90 %, an increase of 5118 yuan/hectares (1 yuan/catties), increasing the comprehensive income of 4593 yuan/hectare. Liu Xuejun told reporters: "Applying this technology, both water -saving and fertilizer, or a rich road that allows farmers to increase production and drum pins."

Drought energy irrigation, waterlogging can high standard farmland support

The scale of high -standard farmland construction has continued to expand. Since 2010, Jilin Province has gradually begun to build high -standard farmland. As of now, a total of 42 million acres have been completed, an increase of 7.9 times over 2012, accounting for 49.2 % of the province's grain sowing area. Assure.

Ten years ago, the irrigation area of ​​farmland in the province was only 1807.5 thousand hectares. Through the construction and implementation of high -standard farmland in the past ten years, the irrigation area of ​​farmland in the province increased to 1938.2 thousand hectares. 0.4 percentage points, truly achieved drought and ensure stable food. At present, nearly 50 % of the province's farmland roads reach 100 %, and the irrigation guarantee rate is more than 85 %. The farmland protection ratio is more than 90 %, the flood prevention standards have reached 10-20 years, and the drainage standards have reached 15 years.

It is understood that the penetration rate of good breeds in Jilin Province reached 100 %, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop farming was 92 %, an increase of 1.5 percentage points over last year. Among the 24 indicators of the 6 major aspects of agricultural modernization in Jilin Province, 8 indicators have reached the level of agricultural modernization. Realize the modernization threshold.

The level of agricultural modernization assessment in all counties (cities, districts) in the province has steadily increased, with a growth rate of 2.57 %. The development level of 14 counties has reached the first development goal proposed by 2015. Among them, five cities (districts), including Meihekou, Gongzhuling, Dunhua, Shuangyang, and Jiutai, have reached the level of basically realizing the level of agricultural modernization.

In the past ten years, the achievements of agriculture in Jilin Province have been "visible and touched". Grain production has increased year by year, ensuring that the Chinese rice bowls have more "Jilin grains" and ensure the safety of the country's food. Today, Jilin Province has become a place where the majority of agricultural science and technology workers and the majority of farmers produce 100 billion catties per year.

Original title: Let the rice bowl install more "Jilin Grain"

Edit: Leaf

Source: Farmers Daily

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