Deep digging of wheat harvest reduction of production potential

Deep digging of wheat harvest reduction of production potential

In June, in the north and south of the river, the wheat waves were rolling and the sound of the machine was rolling. A harvesting machine shuttled in the golden wheat field busy and busy. The monopoly wheat ears quickly entered the wide belly of the harvester and turned into golden wheat grains. Essence

At present, my country's wheat has basically achieved mechanized harvesting, but it is restricted by various factors such as inadequate selection, complex field operating conditions, and low levels of refined harvesting. The harvesting of wheat machines still has the phenomenon of running food, leakage, and leakage. Several authorities in the industry believe that the current concept of "reducing loss is increasing production" in my country is urgently needed to promote the refined harvesting of wheat, reduce the harvest of the fields, and ensure that the grain of summer grain is returned to the foundation, and the foundation for the harvest of food for the whole year is consolidated.

Machine collection reduction to ensure that the particles are returned to the warehouse

Li Yufei, a agricultural machinery man in Qiu Guanzhuang Village, Tongzhai, Tanghe County, Nanyang City, Henan Province, was driving a wheat harvester to harvest wheat in Shangqiu City. Li Yufei said that he has been engaged in cross -zone wheat harvest for more than 10 years. In the past two years, in order to reduce the loss of the machine, he will carefully check and repair the machine detection machinery every day before harvesting. During harvesting, he should control the speed as much as possible, and reduce the loss rate as much as possible.

With the improvement of my country's agricultural mechanization level, my country's wheat machine collection level has reached 97.49%in 2021. It is the highest level of the three major main grain crops. However The loss is higher. According to Wu Laping Research Team, a professor at the School of Agricultural Economic Management of China Agricultural University of Agricultural University, in 2016 and 2017, a large sample survey was conducted in the harvest losses of grain and oil crops of 4,170 farmers in 28 provinces across the country. The results of harvest control experiments, comprehensive farmers' investigation and harvest loss experiments, the national wheat harvest loss rate was 3.24%. The team's follow -up research shows that the current loss rate of wheat mechanical harvesting in my country has dropped to less than 2%. The new wheat harvester can reach 1.2%or lower.

Wheat is an important variety of rations in my country. It has harvested in succession and has sufficient inventory. The self -sufficiency rate reaches 100%, which has achieved absolute safety of rations. However, due to the influence of the new coronary pneumonia's epidemic and Russian and Ukraine's geopolitical conflict this year, the unbalanced supply and demand of global wheat and demand have intensified, and domestic food security is facing more severe challenges. This year, my country has effectively overcome the adverse effects of abnormal autumn floods and rising agricultural prices last year. Wheat is expected to get a harvest again. "Under the national conditions and grain conditions with more people, the difficulty of increasing grain production in my country. The loss of the machine harvesting link is very potential, and less losses of one catty of food. "Said Liu Xian, president of the China Agricultural Machinery Association.

Damage reduction is equal to increasing production, and consumption reduction is equal to income. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to food production and reduce the waste of food losses. In 2021, the loss rate of grain receiving food in my country was reduced by 1 percentage point, which is equivalent to recovering 10 billion kg of food and increasing 12 million acres of intangible cultivated land, which has made attention to my country's "seventeenth consecration" and stabilized "Chinese rice bowl". contribute. The relevant person in charge of the Agricultural Machinery Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry said that this year, it is necessary to continue to tap the potential to strengthen the reinforcement and reduce the loss, and consolidate the effectiveness of reducing the reducing damage.

Multiple measures to improve the quality of wheat harvest operations

Our wheat is a technical job. Affected by various factors such as agricultural machinery hand -level operation, harvesting machine quality, disaster weather, crop variety, cultivation system, field conditions, harvest time, etc., the wheat machine has a long way to go. Liu Xian believes that it is necessary to apply multi -approach comprehensive policy, strive to improve the quality of wheat collection operations, and continue to reduce the loss of machine collection links.

The operation level and professional spirit of agricultural machinery are the key to reducing the loss of machine collection. Some harvester companies do not pay enough attention to the performance of machinery, regulatory techniques and training in various parts, and lack of targetedness. Some new agricultural machinery skills are not available, especially in non -normal environmental operation techniques such as excessive mature wheat, harvesting, and muddy muddy environment Don't master it. In order to increase the income, some agricultural machinery handles are faster and the loss rate has increased. Liu Xian suggested that local governments should urge agricultural machinery production and marketing enterprises to strengthen the training of agricultural machinery to use agricultural machinery, guide agricultural machinery operation service organizations to strengthen the pre -job training of agricultural machinery, so that the majority of agricultural machinery hands are proficient in the correct maintenance and maintenance techniques of the harvester, and operations operations, operational operations In accordance with the maturity of wheat's maturity, dry and dampness, varieties, terrain and other operating conditions, accurately adjust the machine parameters, standardize operations, and minimize the loss of the machine.

Good harvesting machinery and equipment quality and performance are the basis for reducing machine losses. In recent years, my country's agricultural machinery manufacturing technology has continued to improve, and the safety and reliability of domestic wheat harvesters are generally good. In particular, the promotion and use of large wheat intelligent harvesters effectively reduces the loss rate of machine collection. However, it is undeniable that there is still a gap in domestic harvester compared with foreign harvesters in terms of reliability. Xu Zhenghua, chairman of Suzhou Jiufu Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. believes that my country should give full play to the guiding role of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policies, encourage farmers to purchase advanced, safe, reliable, energy -saving, environmentally friendly, low -efficiency, and low -efficiency wheat joint harvesters to speed up the elimination of old harvest machinery , Continue to increase the preservation of advanced wheat combined harvesters such as large feeding volume; policy support should be increased, encouraged and guided enterprises to increase investment in investment, concentrate their strengths to accelerate the technical technology , Separate and clear the ability to improve the damage and reduce the performance.

The biggest problem with wheat harvesting is the lack of professional technical services to harvest front lines, including accurate meteorological and disaster forecast services, timely selection services, agricultural machinery operators' harvesting techniques, and transportation drying services after harvesting. Liu Xian believes that government departments should pay more attention to the construction of professional service teams, provide professional technical services more accurately and timely, and guide farmers and agricultural machinery to choose the opportunity, appropriate machinery and machine collection methods for local conditions. Strengthen the construction of agricultural machinery disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, increase the supply of emergency collection equipment and emergency services, explore the establishment of emergency work service teams, and solve the problems caused by factors such as wheat and road mud. Accelerate the transformation of farmland's "appropriate", promote the socialization of agricultural machinery, and solve the problem of "small loose bias" plots. Monitor the height of wheat stubble, operating level, operational efficiency, and operation quality in a timely manner, timely investigate the reasons for the high loss rate of agricultural machinery handy operations, and improve the level of agricultural machinery hand operations. Establish a consciousness of "reducing damage is increasing production"

To ensure food safety, not only should we pay close attention to food production, but it is also important to reduce damage. Liu Xian believes that the consciousness of "reducing damage is increasing production" must be implemented in the field, taking comprehensive measures to improve the quality of grain machine collection operations, further reduce the loss of wheat machine, and strive to ensure that the grain of summer grain is returned to the position, and the mechanized force of the national food safety foundation contributes the mechanized force of mechanization. Essence

The reporter learned in the interview that after several years of hard work, wheat machines have achieved some results, but there is still a phenomenon of heavy production and minor damage. In the past, the adults and children in the field of wheat harvesting picked up the ears of wheat in the field. The vast countryside is hard to see. Wula Ping believes that this is mainly because my country's grain has bid farewell to the shortage, especially in recent years, with the increase in income levels, the tradition of people and thrift is gradually diluing. Even in rural areas, farmers' awareness of grain and grain and grain and savings have weakened. According to Nanjing University of Finance and Economics from 2016 to 2017, in 28 provinces in 28 provinces in the country, only 15.94%of farmers believed that the grain harvesting link was large, and only 33.19%of farmers were picked up in the field after the grain harvest.

Everyone is responsible for saving food. Farmers are the main forces and beneficiaries of reducing loss. To reduce the loss of the machine collection link, it is necessary to start with the ideas of changing the ideas of "heavy production and minor damage". At present, while agricultural and rural areas at all levels, the competent authorities of agriculture and agricultural machinery, while doing a good job of "Sanxia" agricultural mechanized production, vigorously promote the guidance and guidance of machine collection loss, normalization, and normalization of machinery loss and loss of major publicity, large training, and great competition activities. Create a strong atmosphere of supporting the loss of machine collection loss, cultivate, instill and instill them in agricultural machinery hand groups to firmly establish a consciousness of "reducing damage is increasing production", and turn the requirements of reducing the loss of machine collection into a conscious behavior of the majority of agricultural machinery hands.

In the interview, the reporter learned that wheat prices have risen this year, and the awareness of reducing damage to the majority of farmers and agricultural machinery has increased. It can harvest wheat in time, improve the quality of wheat harvest operations, and minimize the loss of the machine. "In recent years, we have attached great importance to cultivating the operation level of agricultural machinery hands. The loss of wheat machine collection has been obvious. The loss per mu of wheat machine has been reduced from sixty or seventy pounds in 2018 to 167 pounds in 2021, which is equivalent to each every every, which is equivalent to each every. Emid production of 40 or 50 pounds acres. "Chang Qing, chairman of Jintuyuan High -quality Wheat Professional Cooperative in Baixiang County, Xingtai, Hebei, said.

In addition to the harvest session, the losses of the postpartum transportation and storage session of wheat cannot be ignored. At present, the problem of "drying difficulties" of wheat has not been solved well, and the highway "tanning food" has been repeatedly banned. Liu Xian believes that it is necessary to dry and dry wheat in various places as major events. Public venues such as activity centers and cultural squares in the village should be used priority for wheat drying. Farmers provide drying services to reduce postpartum losses.

【Edit: Wang Yu】

- END -