"Economic account" for reducing grain loss: one more "moisture" or reduction of

Wind Financial Reporter Wang Hao

"This year's full -process mechanical harvesting, 220 acres of wheat, can't be done in the past half a month. Now it only takes a day." , Wu Xianjun, a large grain, lamented the summer harvest brought by the mechanized operation.

Agricultural modernization is not only reflected in the improvement of operational efficiency, but also related to granular returns. As the main food area, affected by the unfavorable factors such as the rising price of autumn floods and rising agricultural capital prices in spring, how to deepen the potential of summer grains in Shandong this year, help the output without decrease, ensure farmers' income, and attract much attention. Then, in the actual agricultural production at the moment, what kind of "economic accounts" are hidden behind the grain -saving damage, how effective it is, and what space is urgent to improve. The reporter conducted an investigation and interview.

Settle account

One more "moisture" 100 acres of wheat or minus a thousand

In Qingdao, the income of 3.439 million acres of wheat machines in the city is expected to reach more than 99.5%, and the loss rate will strive to control within 2%.

Wheat is calculated from the three elements of the number of ears, ears, and thousands of grains. The number of ears of ears*ears*1,000 grains*0.85, so that the theoretical yield can be calculated.

A set of numbers, the importance of reducing grain loss is clear at a glance. According to the information of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, if the loss rate of the "Three Summer" wheat closing session is reduced by 1 percentage point, 2.5 billion kg of food can be recovered across the country. In addition, in accordance with the health consumption standards for residents, the per capita ration consumption is about 140 kg each year. In other words, it is equivalent to satisfying more than 8.9 million people for a year.

So how to reduce damage? Let's look at the wheat harvest link. On June 12, with the gradually entered peak of Qingdao wheat harvest, Shandong Wheat Machinery Reception and Reduction Damage Damagon was held in Mai Field in Sangyuan Village, Nancun Town, Pingdu City.

According to the requirements of the JB/T5117-2017 "Technical Conditions for Full Feds into the United Harvest Machine", the total loss rate of the harvest of the wheat combined harvesting machine is ≤1.2%, the grain damage rate ≤ 1.0%, the miscellaneous rate ≤ 2.0%, no obvious leakage Receive and leak.

It is not easy to meet this requirement. "Adjusting the mechanical operating parameters is only a primary operation, because the natural conditions and crop conditions of the harvest season are different, and the situation of each land is different. This is also the most tested place for hand -to -hand and technical strength." According to agricultural machinery experts For example, common planting wheat is used as an example. High -yield wheat harvesting speed is slightly slower, and high -quality wheat gains such as Tobacco Farmers 1212 and Jimai 44 can be slightly faster. However, when the wheat is dense, the plant is large, the output is high, the output is high, the inverted, overwhelmed, morning and evening and after the rain, the operating speed should be appropriately reduced. Moreover, there is also a "small trick" when the harvest is completed.

In Qingdao, with the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, grain loss is immediate. According to the results of random inspections in Shandong Province, in 2021, the average loss rate of the wheat machine in Qingdao City was 0.97%, which was less than 2%of the operating quality standards and the average level of 1.2%required by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry. The losses of wheat machines in the city have decreased by 1 percentage point compared to the year, which is equivalent to the city's 3.44 million mu wheat recovery loss of 30 million kilograms.

Compared with the harvest, the growth point is greater, lies in postpartum storage. Qingdao Grand Grain Co., Ltd. is an enterprise engaged in post -grain service. The main business includes cleaning, drying, storage, and sales. In recent years, Wang Zhengfeng, the person in charge, has a deep sense of the demand and effectiveness of food loss. "In terms of Daixiang, in our northern region, the previous production habits were to dry directly in the sun after the farmers were harvested, and they were sold to the acquisition enterprise after the moisture reached the standard." Tension, as well as the propaganda and rectification of illegal behavior of occupying food sun exposure, continuously strengthened, and farmers' demand for drying has become increasingly improved. "It is not yet on the peak of the wheat acquisition, but we have the stations of the drying tower to collect food by about 40 tons a day, and the growth is obvious. Not only wheat, the drying amount of wet corn has become increasing in recent years."

For grain drying, Wu Xianjun's demand is very urgent. "My family has grown 220 acres, which is a large household. This year, the total output is expected to exceed 150,000 pounds. It is a headache to find the drying site alone." He told reporters that there is a standard for the acquisition of wheat. Water is a "hard bar". One more water is directly. It affects the purchase price and then affects the income.

According to the provisions of Wheat National Standard GB1351-1999, the safe storage rate of grain crop wheat wheat must not exceed 12.5%. Some farmers calculate a account for reporters. If you choose to sell wet grains, so many water will be reduced at 98.5 pounds for every 100 pounds of food. This year's wheat purchase price is slightly higher than in previous years, about 1.5 yuan/jin. For 1,000 catties, planting 100 acres, then the income will be reduced by about 1,500 yuan.

In addition to income, Wu Xianjun is more concerned about the convenience brought by grain drying. "Grain stalls are dry, time -consuming and labor -intensive, and also worried about hidden dangers. Sometimes when the weather changes, it is tantamount to worsening. Weather conditions, reduce hidden safety hazards, increase income, and most of the acquisition companies equipped with drying equipment can solve sales at one time, saving time and time. "

Blocking point

The drying point of "scarce" farmers at least two months in advance to book "ground grain" is an extensive grain storage method. The upcoming grain is placed and dried in the open air, which can easily cause losses. In accordance with the requirements of the "Food Savings Action Plan" issued by the Central Office and the State Council, in order to ensure that farmers keep food, reduce damage, and increase their income, they generally increase their efforts in various places, in -depth publicity of national grain acquisition policies and scientific grain storage knowledge, and vigorously promote the direct collection of seeds. , Drying storage and other models, actively guide farmers to build simple grain storage equipment such as "grain stacks", support grassroots construction of "post -grain production centers" and "grain banks", and promote clean -up, agency drying, storage, and processing processing , Sell the "Five Dynasties" services on behalf of the sales, promote the solution of the "ground grain" problem.

However, due to the traditional drying habits in the northern region, the popularity of Qingdao -related district -related district -related district -related districts still needs to be improved. "Now the drying point is relatively small. For example, last year, I have to find someone to make an appointment in advance." Wu Xianjun said that although it was affected by the rising cost, this year's drying costs increased compared with last year. The money was divided to 2 cents, but as a big planner, in his opinion, the benefits of drying of grain were greater than the economic burden, so as long as he endured, he was still willing to choose food drying.

For the "scarce" of food drying services, Li Yutong, a large planner, is also quite impressed. "Laici provides a few digits of large -scale drying here, and there are fewer private people. We need to make an appointment to queue if we dry it. Tell reporters that usually need to book before the wheat flowers, "2 months in advance." Therefore, in order to avoid the trouble of the stalls after harvest, he usually chooses "extension" to harvest, and the wheat ears are relatively low.

However, in the eyes of many people in the industry, the "extension" harvest may have an impact on subsequent agricultural work. "The harvest cannot be dragged. Really wait until it is done, and it will cause the wheat ears when the machine harvests." Some people in the industry told reporters that the humidity of the wheat in Qingdao area is about 15-16%, Once the harvest of artificial extension, it may affect subsequent corn planting. "One day for one day, it may take two days later.

"The current importance of drying equipment is more important than before, and it can be said that it is imminent." Zhao Zhendong, a member of the Laixi CPPCC and general manager of Qingdao Supply and Marketing Inclusive Agricultural Service Co., Ltd., believes that agricultural planting methods are changing. Small and small quantities, and now there are more and more planting households and cooperatives. Under the trend of large -scale grain planting, postpartum service links, including modern drying equipment, are of increasing significance for grain loss.

Suggest

Avoid idle and waste grain drying projects should pay attention to equipment upgrades

Food damage is reduced, related to grain production and farmers' income. Right now, with the extension of the entire chain of agricultural production such as production, collection and storage, and technology, relevant policies and measures are being introduced in various places.

Starting this year, Jilin will fully mobilize resources and vigorously promote the "ground grain" problem. Strive for the end of 2024, the province will basically eliminate "ground grain". During the two sessions of this year, Meng Xiandong, a representative of the National People's Congress and Secretary of the Tongliao Municipal Party Committee, submitted an article "suggestion on promoting the solution of the" ground grain "problem" to the maximum loss and income from farmers' links, collection and storage links, and technical links.

In the recently held Shandong Wheat Machinery Repair Damage and Reduction Division Competition, the relevant person in charge of the Shandong Provincial Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs emphasized in his speech that it is necessary to carry out the special training of machine damage reduction step by step. For related technical personnel and technical backbone training such as drying, counties and cities must make overall use of professional service organizations such as agricultural mechanization technology promotion departments, agricultural machinery enterprises, and agricultural machinery cooperatives, and "local experts" such as agricultural machinery. , Organize professional agricultural machinery hand training operations to strengthen the operation and maintenance skills of hand -made grain -saving damage and maintenance.

At the same time, more fiscal leverage is ready to go. According to 2021-2023, the types of subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery purchases in Shandong Province, dry machinery such as grain dryers, fruit and vegetable dryers, and other drying machines are included. In addition, according to the guidance opinions of the Shandong Provincial Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies from 2021 to 2023, vigorously develop the weak links of grain production such as corn seed grain harvester, grain drying machine, straw treatment machinery and other weak links. subsidy. In terms of subsidy standards, the subsidy limit of the drying machine does not exceed 120,000 yuan.

The reporter learned from the Warehouse Industry Department of the Qingdao Development and Reform Commission that, in addition to the construction of local financial funds, through the provincial financial and enterprises jointly funded, from 2017 to 2018, Qingdao established a total of 22 postpartum service projects, mainly providing farmers with "five generations" services, including Clean up, dry, store, process, process, and sell. As of 2021, the total amount of food conservation for postpartum services in the city reached 27,500 tons, an increase of 53.74 million yuan in farmers' income.

"From the perspective of the current practice, the drying equipment is different because of the variety of grain crops, plus water control, uniformity, and poor grasp of continuity. Take wheat as an example.The key is to dry equipment. Good drying equipment will not only affect quality, but also can even be used as seeds.Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the equipment and technical upgrades of drying machinery such as drying machinery."Grain acquisition enterprises should pay attention to their own scale development, focus on large planting resources, and reduce drying costs with scale." Recently, Lu Junqiang, general manager of Qingdao Hehui HSBC Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. is busy preparing for the construction of the drying tower project,In order to provide support for the company's food acquisition business, he gave suggestions from the perspective of drying equipment's economy. "" Because drying equipment needs to be continuously operated, once the amount of drying cannot meet the demand, it is easy to cause idle waste. Therefore, the acquisition company is alsoIt should improve its own scale, standardization, and marketization level. "

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