After the epidemic, it should focus on supporting small and medium -sized enterprises and accurately carry out bailout assistance

Small and medium -sized enterprises are one of the important parts of the national economic and social development. They are the forces that expand employment, improve people's livelihood, promote entrepreneurial innovation, and stimulate regional vitality. In order to understand the survival status of small and medium -sized enterprises, the research team and Shanghai SME Service Center organized 1,000 small, medium and micro enterprises to conduct investigations. Judging from the survey of 1,000 small and medium -sized enterprises, although the state and Shanghai have issued relevant policies, corporate feedback policy coverage is not wide enough, and the targetedness is not strong enough. The influence, the research team believes that the government's relief assistance to help the enterprise policy needs to mobilize all parties to combine the characteristics of all walks of life, and to categorize the classification of enterprises from targets, precise demand, and accurate tools to help the enterprise, increase the help of enterprises to relieve the rescue of the enterprise relieving rescue relief Strong, reduce the burden on corporate, and help over the difficulty.

1. Analysis of the investigation of the volume:

A total of 805 valid questionnaires received the survey, and the effective recovery rate was 80.5%(as of May 28). The research and development shows that the characteristics of small and medium -sized and micro -service enterprises include: light assets, mainly leased rents; knowledge -based, mainly to absorb white -collar employment; high credit and social entrepreneurship; poor anti -risk ability. These small and medium -sized micro -service companies generally encounter many difficulties and problems in the epidemic, involving logistics transportation, business operations, closed -loop management, and policy popularization. At the same time, they also actively committed suggestions to make a lot of views and suggestions on how to better protect the supply of materials, repair the damaged supply chain, ensure the safety and effectiveness of re -production and production, and adopt more scientific and reasonable epidemic prevention policies.

(1) Participate in the industry and scale distribution of research companies

From the perspective of industry distribution, a total of 805 valid questionnaire feedback from 18 industries was collected in this survey. The industry involved a wide range and a relatively balanced distribution. The three industries with the highest proportion are the software and information technology service industry (109), the financial industry (91) and the information transmission industry (89).

From the perspective of corporate revenue and employee scale, among the subjects participating in the survey, the revenue scale of small and medium-sized micro-service enterprises is mostly from 10 million to 100 million, accounting for more than half, about 54%, and the scale of revenue is 1- Enterprises of 1 billion, less than 10 million, and more than 1 billion accounted for 35%, 8%, and 3%, respectively; enterprises with employees accounted for more than half of enterprises with 0-100 people, about 55%, followed by 100 employees' scale of 100 -500 companies account for about 39%.

(2) Participate in the investigation of the impact of the enterprise in the epidemic situation

Judging from statistical results, small and medium -sized micro -service companies participating in the survey all said that they were affected by various aspects brought about by this epidemic, and also reflected their characteristics of poor anti -risk capabilities. More than 60%of the companies indicate that the main problems are concentrated in the following three aspects: large cost pressure, poor logistics channels, and blocking sales channels. In addition, the enterprise also focuses on the following problems: the capital turnover problem caused by the backlog of inventory is even waste, resulting in great funding pressure; employees' large online office, enterprise production is difficult to maintain order performance, resulting in postponing orders for delivery; market prospects; market prospects Unknown, the order is reduced; the employee recruitment plan is delayed; the technology research and development is blocked.

(3) Investigate the specific situation of corporate response measures and hope that the government will increase support

Among the research companies, 89%of the main body hopes to fight for policy support, 61%of the main body will innovate production, services, management and other models, 32%of the main body will lay off or salary to reduce the cost of personnel. The expectations of support policies are high, and I hope that the government will introduce relevant support policies to help enterprises over the difficulties.

In researching the support policies provided by the government's hope of the government, the five -point measures with strong company willingness are as follows: tax reduction and exemption, accounting for 84%; ensure the effective implementation of the policy, expand the coverage of the policy, account for 79%; Office rental, accounting for 75%; providing aid to stabilize job subsidies, accounting for 74%; financing support, accounting for 73%. In addition, in the aspects of delay in paying social security, providing subsidies for epidemic suspension (or starting) and epidemic prevention work, and promotion of flexible employment policies, corporate voices are also high.

2. Strengthen interaction with industry institutions, create a more relaxed enterprise development environment, let go of the control factors of restraint and restrict the development of enterprises

Small and medium -sized enterprises are the forces that expand employment, improve people's livelihood, promote entrepreneurial innovation, and stimulate economic vitality. The epidemic has caused a huge crisis and challenge to small and medium -sized enterprises in the past three years. The important foundation of development, therefore, for industry characteristics, the development of various types of bondage to the development of enterprises and the development of the government business environment that stimulates the vitality of the enterprise can seek higher quality and higher levels of sustainable development.

1. Link with the industry authority to expand market entities to enjoy policy coverage

Since the impact of a large -scale control of this epidemic has not been produced before, many policies are not comprehensive enough, and policy coverage needs to be expanded. In fact, the epidemic has a serious impact on various types of enterprises, social organizations and institutions, and should be fully supported. The introduction of subsequent policies should interact with industry authorities to avoid a considerable part of the subsequent market entities that have not enjoyed the relevant policy support and preferential benefits due to the failure of comprehensive consideration.

The coverage scope of rental and exemption policy needs to be expanded. This round of rental policy reduction is limited to leasing state -owned houses. Many small and medium -sized enterprises are not willing to rent non -state -owned houses, and non -state landlords are not willing to reduce the rent and exemption of rent. It is difficult to negotiate between the two parties, so it cannot enjoy the rent reduction policy. For example, state -owned enterprises do not include organizations and institutions such as the lawyer industry. Because law firms do not issue business licenses by the Industry and Commerce Bureau, they are not included in the scope of supporting enterprises, but in fact, law firms are also the main body of market -oriented operations. Social security slow payment policies are lower than enterprise expectations. Taking staged slow payment rather than reduction measures, and phased slow payment periods (the policy is mainly aimed at social security in June-December), and it is also expected to be with enterprises (many enterprises believe that social security slow payment periods include March-May) It has reduced the company's sense of policy strength. In addition, after trying to apply for social security, many enterprises show that they are not very difficult to pay, so they are not within the scope of social security. This has confused the enterprise. Dilemma, a large number of market entities are now unable to enjoy policy support because they are not in the scope of policy coverage.

The actual effect of some tax reduction and exemption is weak. Value -added tax retain tax refund and "six taxes and two fees" reduction have limited assistance to small, medium and micro enterprises. Many small and medium -sized enterprises report that because there is no tax after two months of business, the practical significance of such tax reduction and exemption is not great. In addition, some social organizations have reported that they cannot enjoy tax -related policies as non -profit organizations.

Special industries are re -production later, and special groups are facing unemployment pressure. The blind people's massage industry, private kindergarten, education industry, early education industry, etc. Due to the particularity of their own industries, the re -work time stipulated in the policy is relatively late, facing problems such as high living pressure and difficulty in capital transfer. Operate.

2. The government's administrative license intervention in the interests still exists, and the enterprise is developing

Some policies have cumbersome procedures in the process of implementation and many aspects of the links; some places implement policies through mechanically to implement superior policies. These practices have substantially increased the cost of enjoyment of small and medium -sized enterprises, reducing the sense of gain and satisfaction of the enterprise, and leading to the groundworthy of the policy. Random charges, random distribution, and fine fines still exist, and the effects of various rescue policies in the service industry are easily offset by "three chaos". At present, excessive administrative intervention derived from the application permit system has allowed enterprises to make companies, and cannot form an open market, which seriously restricts the development of enterprises.

3. The operating cost of the enterprise continues to increase, facing the problem of talent loss

Epidemic prevention policies lead to difficulty in cross -provincial logistics, increased transportation time, increased logistics costs, and blocked supply chain; market demand is shrinking, opportunities for cooperation and exchange opportunities, business expansion is blocked; The issue of the employment is unknown, which leads to the hard work of the enterprise while being in a difficult operation. Specifically, due to the high proportion of small and medium -sized "contract systems" employees of small and medium -sized enterprises, and strong staffing and instability, affected by the delay in this epidemic, enterprises must also face the threat of the employee's reinstatement rate. Some companies have to take measures such as layoffs and salary reduction, so that the income of talents cannot be effectively guaranteed. In addition, most enterprises have stated that the closed management after resumption and the additional water and coal rent and nucleic acid testing costs will bring huge cost pressure to the enterprise, and it will also face the risk of closure of stoppage or even bankruptcy in a positive patient.

3. Enhance the linkage with the competent institutions of the industry, and accurately formulate a rescue policy for various small and medium -sized services enterprises

Call government information in government, apply advanced technologies such as big data, machine learning, and analyze the analysis of historical data and special models, combine the characteristics of industry characteristics to classify and predict, promote tax reduction and fees, and study some timely promulgation of some policy -benefiting enterprise policies. Continuous policies, accurately use a variety of policy tools to accurately "drip irrigation" small and medium -sized enterprises, and the core of "precise relief" is "precise", that is, accurate objects, precise demand, and precise tools. Policy suggestions:

1. Classified layered sorting the bailout objects to ensure that the policy benefits all small and medium -sized market subjects

Judging from the survey, the difficulties of different small and medium -sized market subjects are different, the life cycle of the enterprise is different, and the demand for policies is also different. In addition, the current level of understanding of policies is not the same, and the problems and difficulties they face when handling related procedures are not the same. Therefore, when implementing the current inclusive and comprehensive policies, we must pay more attention to the implementation of policies in different industries, and to consider the differences in bailout objects.

Suggestions: First, the bailout policy should be clearly included in the implementation of all small and medium -sized market entities, such as law firms, accounting firms, and design firms. The second is to ensure the government's "rescue" fundamentals based on the principle of fairness and efficiency. Take into account the principles of fairness and efficiency, ensure that policies benefit aspects, and determine the government's "rescue and rescue" of comprehensive factors such as the business period, annual taxation conditions, and social security conditions of enterprises to ensure the fundamental aspects. Category, social security situations, and other classification layers to promote policies in the terminal. Simultaneously release industry -type bailout policies, reduce the cost of enjoying policies for small and medium -sized enterprises, and simplify the approval procedures for policy enjoyment, especially to introduce special assistance measures for the service industry for the employment -type service industry as soon as possible and make dynamic adjustments according to the actual implementation. For example, for the small and medium -sized enterprises of the business industry, stimulating the economy from the side of consumption, the issuance of various consumer vouchers to increase residents' income and increase the liquidity of small and medium -sized business enterprises; for the small and medium -sized enterprises of the logistics industry, ensure the logistics chain, simplify the land approval requirements to encourage the construction of the regional type The center of the cargo warehouse, at the same time, promotes the approval of freight airlines in an orderly manner; for emerging service SMEs, the combination of "decentralization" to promote the platform economy to help small and medium -sized enterprises establish a unified market for unified national markets, support and regulate the "live broadcast belt "Goods such as" emerging formats.

2. Precisely grasp the needs of small and medium -sized enterprises, decent

On the one hand, it continues to strengthen the survey of the survival needs of small and medium -sized enterprises. The questionnaire interviews are carried out simultaneously, combined in the short -term and long term, increase the special investment in related topics related to the "small and medium -sized market subjects" this year, actively give full play to the power of expert resources and research think tank , Effective policy formulation evidence; improve and improve the policy of "Shanghai Enterprise Service Cloud", SME Association platforms, and other policies to reach digital platforms, bring together to sort out policies for benefiting enterprises at all levels; Support the list of policy matters, unblock the channels for supply and communication of policies; arrange special personnel to be responsible for benefiting enterprise policy consultation and related business handling, provide point -to -point services, and implement differentiated measures for "one enterprise, one policy", "one factory and one case".

On the other hand, deepen the digital transformation of "decentralization service", simplify administrative approval, and open the license system. Release the negative list of small, medium and micro enterprises, weaken or reduce the necessary pre -approval conditions to further activate the vitality of the market subject. Improve policy repaction, speed up the refinement and implementation of policy documents, simplify procedures and processes for enterprise application support, set up special windows, one window acceptance, one -stop payment, and open online green channels for online processing. The inclusive policy "exemption is to enjoy" and "one -click to enjoy", shortening the time and selection of required assessment, review, selection, and investment subsidy projects.

3. Continue to improve the business environment and stimulate the innovative vitality of the main body of small and medium -sized markets

Increase the weight of corporate services related to the assessment of governments at all levels. Fully consider the impact of the epidemic, help small and medium -sized enterprises to resume work and restore the vitality. Timely reduce the weight of structural adjustment indicators, appropriately increase the weight of enterprise -related indicators such as small and medium -sized enterprises' survival rates and employment rates, and do their best to prevent small and medium -sized enterprises from closing up and closure and a series of people's livelihood issues caused by it.

Take the lead in launching the "Business Environment Index of Small and Micro -Enterprises". As a supporting project of the overall evaluation of the "business environment" every year, to guide how to continue to improve the business environment of small, medium and micro enterprises; set up special windows and offline services for small, medium and micro enterprises, and set up 24 hours of automatic service in regions with conditions. District, further reduce the process of pre -approval beforehand.

Comprehensively promote the institutionalization and proceduralization of approval services at all levels of small and medium -sized enterprises. Realize the "standard publicity, fair acceptance, open process, and fair results", and create a good business service environment of "clearing and pro -pro -pro -pro -" (entrepreneurs propose to be seriously optimized for corruption in government outsourcing platforms in the fields of fire protection).

To determine the border of the responsibility of small and medium -sized enterprises on epidemic prevention, the government achieves "no shortage" of responsibilities, and strives to achieve the "zero cost" of corporate epidemic prevention. The normalization of epidemic prevention is still the focus of subsequent work. It is difficult for enterprises to carry out the responsibility of epidemic prevention. Increase the burden on enterprises, reduce the cost of prevention of corporate epidemic prevention, and strive to achieve the "zero cost" of corporate epidemic prevention, eliminating entrepreneurs to wait and see emotions and worries due to the repeated epidemic.

In order to better promote the resumption of work and re -production, it is recommended to comprehensively guide and promote effective and credible electronic signature applications, promote the rapid and effective signing of contracts from a technical perspective, and promote the convenience of transactions, thereby saving the time and material cost of corporate transactions, accelerate the acceleration The market is active; work places such as office buildings, industrial parks, and other work places will be upgraded and transformed into the "electronic sentry+gate" in accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention.

4. The cost of transfusion reduction and reduction income accurate policy, quickly and effectively boost the confidence of small, medium and micro enterprises

In terms of cost reduction, policies such as "redefining tax reduction and reduction", rents of state -owned asset houses, and slow payment of social insurance are actively implemented; renting non -state -owned assets to rent directly subsidized small and medium -sized enterprises for 6 months.In terms of increasing liquidity, special inspections to accelerate the payment behavior of state -owned enterprises' accounts payable on SMEs, and strengthen the flow of small and medium -sized enterprises; some grass -roots governments have encountered difficulties in paying the funds of anti -epidemic service enterprises, and they need to work together.Ensure cash flow in small and medium -sized enterprises.In terms of promoting the transformation and upgrading of enterprises, encouraging state -owned enterprises and large private enterprises to support the development of small and medium -sized enterprises through technological support and equity investment; accelerate the construction of the "digital industry chain"Effectiveness; actively attract small and medium -sized enterprises abroad to come to China to land, urging the industrial transformation and upgrade of domestic small and medium -sized enterprises.(Li Qingjuan, Fudan University School of International Finance; Fang Mian, Huaxia Institute of Economic Development)

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