Third -line construction promotes social development in Southwest China

The third -line construction is a large -scale industrial migration process in China's economic history after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is a strategic adjustment of gradually changing my country's productivity layout. The important strategic position in the southwest region has made it a key area for the construction of the third line in the country. The third -tier construction in the southwest region focuses on the defense industry, including metallurgy, machinery, energy, chemistry, building materials and other industrial categories. The construction of the third -line construction has enhanced the industrial production capacity of the Southwest region, improved the industrial layout of the Southwest region, and laid the foundation of the modern industrial foundation in the Southwest region. At the same time, it promoted the rise of a group of industrial towns in the Southwest, changed the regional structure of the urban system in the southwest, accelerated the development of some small and medium towns and collective towns in the Southwest region, and accelerated the urbanization process in the Southwest region.

Lay the foundation for modern industrial

Before the construction of the third -tier line, the industrial foundation in the Southwest region was relatively weak, especially in Yunnan. Most of the steel required for various constructions and industrial production rely on foreign supply. The defense industry built during the third -tier construction period and industrial enterprises such as machinery, metallurgy, chemistry, energy and other industrial enterprises built for the defense industry have greatly developed the industry in the Southwest. By the 1980s, there were 40 industrial categories across the country, 39 in Sichuan and Chongqing, about 160 major industrial industries in the country, and 95%in Sichuan -Chongqing region. In particular, military enterprises in the Sichuan -Chongqing region account for 18%of the national military industry enterprises. The construction of the third -line construction has increased the production capacity of Guizhou Province. Compared with 1965, in 1976, the production capacity of raw coal in Guizhou Province increased by 6.1 times, the mining capacity of iron ore increased by 7.6 times, the production capacity of alkali and alkali increased by 8.7 times, the production capacity of chemical fertilizers increased by 2.9 times, and the production capacity of the electrical stone increased by 16.4 times. After the third -line construction, in addition to the oil industry, the industrial category of Yunnan Province is basically complete, and the proportion of the weight industry is basically coordinated. By 1984, the output value of light industry in Yunnan Province would be 5.192 billion yuan, accounting for 49.5%of all industrial output value, and the output value of heavy industry was 5.305 billion yuan, accounting for 50.5%of all industrial output value.

After the construction of the third line, the Southwest region has formed a modern industrial production system with a mechanical and electronics industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry and energy industry, and a relatively complete door category. , Anshun -centered Aviation Industry Base, a ship industry base centered on Jiangjin, Fuling, and Wanxian, and a mechanical industrial base centered on Chongqing, Guiyang, Chengdu, Zigong, and Neijiang, and Chongqing, Kunming, Yibin, Zigong, Chengdu, Chengdu The chemical industrial base centered on the aerospace industry base centered on Xichang and Zunyi, the electronic industrial base centered on Mianyang, Duyun, Kaili, and Qujing, and the steel industry base centered on Panzhihua. The formation of these industrial bases has laid the modern industrial foundation in the Southwest.

Improve industrial layout

The third -tier construction enterprises in Sichuan -Chongqing are based on the two major central cities of Chengdu and Chongqing, and are distributed along Baocheng, Cheng Kun, Chengdu -Chongqing, Sichuan -Guizhou and Xiangqing Railway lines. The spatial layout structure of the two major central cities in Chengdu has made the industrial layout of the Sichuan -Chongqing region relatively balanced. During the third -tier construction, in the newly -built metallurgical, machinery, chemistry and other industrial enterprises in Kunming, Old, Dongchuan and other regions, new coal mining, electric power, machinery and other industrial enterprises in Qujing, Shimonatsu, Yuxi, Chuxiong and other places improved Yunnan The provincial industrial layout has gradually developed Yunnan Industry from the east to the west, forming three major industrial distribution areas. That is: the northeast industrial distribution area centered on the old and Kaiyuan City; the northeast industrial distribution area centered on Qujing and Dongchuan City; the western industrial distribution area centered on Dali and Baoshan City. In Guizhou, the machinery, electronics, metallurgy, non -ferrous metals, chemistry, coal and other industrial enterprises built during the third -tier construction period, so that Guizhou's industrial layout is centered on Guiyang City and launched to all parts of the province. The six major industrial distribution areas centered on Duyun, Kaili, and Liupanshui make Guizhou's industrial all over the railway tartar line to the Quartet to distribute to the Quartet.

On the whole, before the construction of the third line, my country ’s industry was partially gathered in Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao, and Wuxi, which are along the northeast and the coast of Guan in the coast. Defense industries that are closely related to national defense security, such as tanks, aircraft, artillery, shells and other heavy weapons and equipment and ship production and nuclear weapons, and the development of carrier rockets are mainly distributed in the northeast and North China region. After the third -tier construction, the strategic rear industrial base established in the southwestern region has changed the unreasonable layout of the defense industry, and also changed the distribution pattern of my country's heavy industry in the northeast, North China and the southeast coast. Essence

Accelerate the process of urbanization

The construction of the third -line construction has strengthened the economic strength of the four major central cities of Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming, and Guiyang, promoted the rise of a number of industrial towns in the Southwest, accelerated the development of some small and medium towns in the southwest, and accelerated the urbanization process in the southwest. After the construction of the third line, the focus of urban development in the southwest has expanded from Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming, Guiyang to Zigong, Ferry, Luzhou, Deyang, Neijiang, Leshan, Mianyang, Yibin, Qujing, Yuxi, Zunyi, Kaili, Anshun, Anshun, etc. The regional structure of the urban system expands towards a balanced direction, and the scale structure of the urban system is developing towards small and medium -sized directions.

Before the construction of the third line, there were 8 construction cities in Sichuan and Chongqing in 1964. Among them, there are Chongqing and Wanxian in the eastern Sichuan region, and the northern region of Sichuan has Zigong, Luzhou, Yibin, Neijiang, and Nanchong, and only Chengdu in western Sichuan. The proportion of urban quantities and urban population accounts for the total number of non -agricultural population in the cities of Sichuan -Chongqing region and the total number of non -agricultural population in the town: 25 % and 26.6 % in the eastern Sichuan region, 62.5 % and 11.7 % in the northern Sichuan -Sichuan northern Sichuan region, and 12.5 % and 17 % in western Sichuan. Essence By 1980, there were 13 construction cities in Sichuan and Chongqing, and the counties in the east of Sichuan have increased. The northern Sichuan -Sichuan region is still the original 5 cities. 2 cities. The proportion of urban quantities and urban population accounts for the total number of non -agricultural population in the Sichuan -Chongqing region and the total number of non -agricultural population in the town: 23 % and 22.6 % in the eastern Sichuan region, 38.6 % and 12.2 % in the northern Sichuan -Sichuan northern Sichuan region, and 23 % and 18.7 % in western Sichuan. The southwestern Sichuan area is 15.4 % and 5.0 %. After three -line construction, the regional structure of the urban system in the Sichuan -Chongqing region has gradually developed towards a balanced direction. Before the construction of the third line, there were 2 provinces (Kunming, Dongchuan) and two municipalities (old and estuary) in Yunnan Province. By 1983, there were 6 cities in Yunnan Province, including two provinces (Kunming, Dongchuan) and 4 municipalities (states) and 4 municipalities (old, Kaiyuan, Xiaguan, Zhaotong). From 1964 to 1984, the number of cities across the country increased from 167 to 300, an increase of 79.6%, and an average annual growth rate of 3.98%. The rate was 7.5%, which was about 1.9 times the average annual growth rate of the country. The proportion of cities in Yunnan accounted for about 2.4%to 3.3%, an increase of 37.5%. Before the construction of the third -tier line, Kunming, Dongchuan, Old and Hekou in Yunnan Province were located in eastern Yunnan, and there were no cities in western Yunnan. After the third -line construction, by 1982, Dali and Baoshan in western Yunnan established a city. At the same time, cities and towns in central Yunnan and southern Yunnan have also developed increasingly in the construction of the third line. The construction of the third -line construction has changed the scattered distribution model of the towns in Yunnan Province, and the town began to expand along the railway trunk line.

During the construction period of the third -tier line, Guizhou Province had three construction cities with new Anshun, Duyun, and Liupanshui. During this period, a total of 56 new cities were established in the country. From the perspective of the urban population, in 1965, Guizhou Province only had two construction cities in Guiyang and Zunyi, northern Guizhou. The urban population accounted for 37.7%and 6.3%of the total non -agricultural population in the province. By 1980, Guizhou Province had developed to five in the system. Guizhou had Guiyang, Anshun, northern Guizhou, and northern Guizhou. The proportion of urban quantities and urban population accounts for the total number of cities in the province and non -agricultural population: 40%and 27.7%in the middle of Guizhou, 20%and 6.5%in northern Guizhou, 20%and 3.6%in southeast Guizhou, 20%of Qianxi And 8.6%. After the construction of the third line, the urban development of the western Guizhou and the southeast of Guizhou is significantly faster than that of the central Guizhou and northern Guizhou region, and the regional structure of the township system of Guizhou province is developing towards a balanced direction.

In the future, in the southwest region, the third -tier construction enterprise should be used as the focus of the industrial structure. Third -line construction enterprises, especially the military industry enterprises, are the backbones of China's manufacturing industry. They have the characteristics of dense funds, labor -intensive labor, and technical dense. They should encourage these companies to go out and promote them to become the main force of regional economic development. For three -line construction enterprises that have not been relocated in remote areas in the southwest, they should be supported from policy and funds, fully tap the company's own potential, and exert their economic and technological expansion, radiation, and guidance functions, thereby driving the economic development of the surrounding hinterland, and gradually gradual Promote the urbanization process of the region.

(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "Third Line Construction and Southwest Industrial Layout Research" (19CZS073) and 2022 Chongqing "SZKZY 2022007) in Chongqing's" Outstanding Middle -aged and Middle -aged Ideological and Political Theory Teacher Selected Funding Projects ")

(The author is a professor at the School of Marxist School of Sichuan Foreign Languages ​​University, a young scholar in Jialing, and a researcher at the Sichuan University Branch Center of Sichuan Foreign Languages ​​University of Chongqing)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Wang Yi

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