He is the first hero of the two major industries in Shanghai, but he died silently in regret

There are a group of people in the government, staring at change and cutting -edge.

Wen 丨 Chinese Business Tao Ouyang Jingwen

"It is too bold to build two chip production lines in 5 years."

When the microphone of the National Integrated Circuit "Tenth Five -Year Plan" strategic seminar was handed over to Jiang Shangzhou, deputy director of the Shanghai Economic Commission, he told the experts at the scene:

"Not two, Shanghai, do ten years in five years."

[He laid the hardest Chinese chip's hardest]

In 1997, 50 -year -old Jiang Shangzhou received a new position, deputy director of the Shanghai Economic Commission.

This is a standard red second generation. His father, Jiang Yizhen, is an old Red Army who has participated in the Long March. He has served as Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Health and Secretary of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee.

He was also a rare international student official at that time. He was sent to study abroad by the state public to the Higher Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, where the most famous alumni was called Einstein.

This time, he got a difficult chess.

At that time, Shanghai, the largest industrial city in China, was experiencing the pain of transformation at that time.

Textiles, steel, petrochemical ... The former glory of these Shanghai is gradually becoming the "burden" of Shanghai. In the central development plan, Shanghai's future depends on high -tech and emerging industries.

As the deputy director of the Economic Commission, the core task of Jiang Shangzhou is to screen a strategic industry that leads Shanghai's future development. One of his answers: it is an integrated circuit.

Over the past two decades, China's integrated circuit project has always stopped. Under the blockade of Western technology, China can only buy the "second -hand production line" that has been eliminated by developed countries. Coupled with the time of delay and landing, the production line lags behind for three generations. In any case, the strange circle of "introduction -building -commissioning -lag -back -re -introduction" is not available.

The autonomous 908/909 project has continued to fail, and the entire integrated circuit industry has a depressed atmosphere. Coupled with the downturn of the global chip industry at that time, the industry's profits have been greatly reduced.

Therefore, at the national integrated circuit "Fifteenth Five -Year Plan" strategic planning seminar, the mainstream tone is: the chip must be done. In five years, two 8 -inch production lines are engaged.

But when the microphone passed to Jiang Shangzhou, he faced the audience and spoke Shanghai's plan:

During the "Fifteenth Five -Year" period, the 8 -inch chip production line, Shanghai will build ten.

As a technical official with a professional background, Jiang Shangzhou's own reason.

In his opinion, chip is one of the most serious industries in my country, and it is difficult to win.

By 2000, the chip is the largest imported product in my country, with more than five major strategic materials (minerals, food) imports, more than all energy imports. Chinese TV and mobile phone chips are 100 % imported.

With this plan, Jiang Shangzhou returned to Shanghai.

After resumption of the history of Hsinchu Industrial Park, China, and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of Shanghai, he made a suggestion to Shanghai's decision -making level: Zhangjiang Micro Electronics Development Zone, which has a planned area of ​​22 square kilometers in Pudong and 3 times in the Hsinchu Industrial Park in Taiwan.

From the beginning of the river:

In the semiconductor industry, the Chinese are a wonderful group, which has one of the best talent accumulation and relationship networks in the world. And Shanghai is not only the most popular in the Mainland cities, but also has a strong industrial foundation. As long as it builds a nest to attract phoenix, it will definitely surpass Taiwan in the future.

Jiang Shangzhou spared no effort to go to Taiwan, China to solicit talents. He found Zhang Rujing, who was famous for the chip industry.

In Shanghai, Zhang Rujing got the most powerful commitment: Zhang Jiang's land, you can.

However, according to the production process at the time, if you want to build 10 production lines, at least tens of billions of investment will be needed. Where does money come from? Jiang Shangzhou thought of introducing foreign capital.

According to SMIC created by foreign -funded enterprises, a large number of Chinese and foreign capital have been distributed, including the United States Goldman Sachs and Walde. This exquisite calculation not only enables China to get capital, but also bypasses the limits of western blockade, and has obtained a large number of semiconductor equipment, thereby quickly joining the track.

On August 24, 2000, he led SMIC to officially laid the first pile in Zhangjiang, Pudong. After only 13 months, he realized the trial production of films. The 12 -inch production line, this speed is unprecedented globally.

By 2003, SMIC had rushed to the position of the fourth largest foundry in the world, and the speed of rise was staggering.

With the efforts of Jiang Shangzhou, a number of chip talents entered Shanghai to open enterprises. In less than 5 years, the 8 -inch IC production line that has been built and under construction in Shanghai has reached 18, which exceeded the expected target.

Jiang Shangzhou firmly believes that according to this speed, the "mainland chip industry surpassed Taiwan in 2015-2020", which he predicted in 1998, will definitely be realized.

[Lifting the public to land on the ground]

Compared with the integrated circuit, another big conclusion of Jiang Shangzhou is a large commercial aircraft.

Jiang Shangzhou was associated with a large airplane. In 2003, he served as the leader of the State Council's major special demonstration group to participate in the establishment of the national long -term science and technology development plan.

But what no one knows is that this is the third year of his diagnosis of lung cancer.

In the leader of the demonstration team, the "large civilian aircraft" became the first project he chose and the most difficult "hard bone" to demonstrate.

Over the past half a century, in the journey of building a large aircraft, we have walked extremely difficult, from the Yun-10 to C919, which have twists and turns.

At that time, the discussion of "making is better to buy, buying is worse than renting" was very arrogant. Due to the technological monopoly of developed countries, the research and development of commercial aircraft in my country was facing high costs and long return cycles. Moreover, large aircraft projects are also mixed with complex interests. However, Jiang Shangzhou understands that large commercial aircraft are the pearls on the crown of modern industrial technology.

▲ When Jiang Shangzhou investigated the aircraft manufacturing plant, experience the aircraft cockpit

In fact, what developed countries really want to curb is not a certain aircraft technology, but a platform that depends on the entire technical capabilities. Jiang Shangzhou has seen the far -reaching significance of the large aircraft project to my country's industrial structure.

"You have 100 technologies may not be able to build a large aircraft. On the contrary, if a large aircraft is built, you can drive 100 technologies to develop."

The development of large aircraft can lead group breakthroughs in key technologies in the fields of new materials, electronic information, and automatic control, and will also drive major progress in many basic disciplines such as fluid mechanics. Therefore, incorporating large planes into major national strategic development plans is to settle the leaders for all related industries such as machinery, electronics, materials, and metallurgy in China.

More importantly, Jiang Shangzhou saw the strength of Shanghai's manufacturing large aircraft -as early as the 1970s, Shanghai independently produced a large -scale civil aircraft of "Yun Shi" and launched many cooperation with the American McDonald. Get rich technical experience.

To this end, he has organized a discussion in the academic and industry.

In the past three years, Jiang Shangzhou continued to travel to Shanghai and Beijing. Until February 26, 2006, the State Council approved the establishment of the project to include the "large aircraft" in major national science and technology development.

The C919 passenger aircraft project took its first step.

["Do not do big officials to do big things"]

Jiang Shangzhou did a big thing, but this was another person who could not be an official. His career can be described as twists and turns.

Before the age of 40, Jiang Shangzhou was just a "scholar". In 1965, Jiang Shangzhou was admitted to the radio department of Tsinghua University, because he stayed in school for more than 9 months because of the "Cultural Revolution".

For more than a decade, he never stopped studying. He was also his wife Wu Qidi (former Deputy Minister of Education) self -taught university courses with his classmates. In 1978, both of them returned to their alma mater. In the future, since the reform and opening up, the first batch of intellectuals studying abroad.

In 1987, Jiang Shangzhou came to Sanya, Hainan.

This is a new city that has just been promoted from county -level cities, so there is an unexpected backward -because there are no more than 1,000 telephones in Sanya, and the phone number here is only three digits.

The experience of studying overseas for eight years has given Jiang Shangzhou's forward -looking strategic vision. However, it is also because of "advance". He is often controversial and not understood.

For example, he wants to build China's "Hawaii" in Sanya. However, in 1990, the GDP in the mainland was only 387.8 billion US dollars, and the Hong Kong GDP with only more than 5 million people at the time had 20%of the GDP of the mainland.

At that time, China was going to solve the problem of food and clothing of 1.1 billion people. The importance of the high -tech industry and the tourism economy was difficult to understand most people.

The concept of building urban public space and establishing a land trading system has been applied to urban management today, but at that time, it also encountered a lot of resistance due to "advance".

Therefore, in the 1989 election, Jiang Shangzhou was selected as Deputy Mayor of Sanya. At that time, Jiang Shangzhou's father, Jiang Yizhen, was the vice president of the "Hainan Development Promotion Association", but his son who worked in Hainan was elected.

Interestingly, he did not choose to leave. Instead, he continued to work as an assistant mayor, and strived to promote Sanya to the international tourist city. With this work, Jiang Shangzhou was elected deputy mayor in the 1991 election election.

That year was the third year when Jiang Shangzhou entered the official career. At the age of 43, he was full of energy like a 23 -year -old guy and always went to the grassroots to investigate.

Unfortunately, in the route of "traveling" or "agriculture", the latter chose the latter at the time, and Jiang Shangzhou had to leave, and the facts of Sanya today undoubtedly proved Jiang Shangzhou's vision.

After the retention of the then Secretary of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee Ruan Chongwu, Jiang Shangzhou served as the director of the Yangpu Development Zone Administration.

Yangpu in 1993 was a test field for my country's reform and opening up. There, Jiang Shangzhou brought the concepts such as "finding the market and not looking for the mayor", "the smallest administrative intervention, the largest economic freedom".

▲ Jiang Shangzhou (first from left) with colleagues in the Hainan Yangpu Development Zone

The experience accumulated by Yangpu at that time, such as the first civil servant recruitment system, and centralized procurement, public finance, etc., in the next 10 years, it has successively appeared on the front desk of China's administrative reform.

However, because of "too advanced", Jiang Shangzhou once again folded the ocean.

Until September 2007, the State Council approved the establishment of Yangpu Bonded Port Area, and Yangpu Development ushered in new opportunities. This seemed to be affirmed by Jiang Shangzhou's development of Yangpu that year, but at this time Jiang Shangzhou had left Hainan to Shanghai.

[Is it a "loser" or a hero behind the scenes? .

Because it is too threatening, SMIC has been continuously encountered by the industry's Daojian Power since its establishment, and has faced high compensation.

In 2009, Zhang Rujing, one of the founders, was forced to leave from the company. Jiang Shangzhou was in danger and was ordered to serve as chairman, but no one knew that at this time, he was already advanced lung cancer.

Facing the dilemma, Jiang Shangzhou's pressure can be imagined. Despite his hard work, he never stopped thinking about the development of the Chinese chip industry. "In terms of semiconductor craftsmanship, we don't have to be proficient. As long as there are a few samples in front of foreign countries, we can walk out of our development path."

This may be the advice from Jiang Shangzhou to the Chinese chip industry in the last years of life. On June 27, 2011, Jiang Shangzhou died of illness. Since then, SMIC has quickly fallen into chaos. During the two years of internal fighting, the senior management went away and developed almost stagnation.

During the same period, the national chip industry was also experiencing a dark moment. It was not until the establishment of the National Integrated Circuit Industry Fund with a scale of 100 billion yuan in 2014 that the entire industry gradually came out of the haze and opened a new brilliant journey.

However, whether it is the ARJ21 new branch aircraft (officially entered the market in 2015) or the C919 passenger plane, Jiang Shangzhou failed to wait for them to really soar the blue sky.

Looking back at Jiang Shangzhou's life, from a secular perspective, he may be a "loser" full of sadness. However, he is also a real behind -the -scenes hero.

Relying on the foundation of Jiang Shangzhou that year, today's Shanghai has become the pioneer of integrated circuits and Chinese commercial aviation.

In 2021, the output value of Shanghai's integrated circuit reached 25 billion yuan, and the industry scale accounted for about 1/4 of the country.

Today, Shanghai is the area with the most complete and highest level of comprehensive technology in the domestic integrated circuit industry chain. From the design, manufacturing, and packaging test, to the five key areas of materials, equipment, and chip industry chain, there are leading enterprises in Shanghai.

SMIC, China Micro Semiconductor, Shanghai Microelectronics, Ziguang Zhanrui, Shanghai Xin Sheng ... These companies that have been "supported" by Jiang Shangzhou have represented the hope of breaking through the blockade of the Chinese chip industry in different fields.

Just this year, Jiang Shangzhou advocated a large aircraft project to land, and it was only the last step to deliver the first customer -China Eastern Airlines. The new era of commercialization of domestic passengers will also open.

Back to the past, Jiang Shangzhou never "hurried fashion", but maintained an unusually calm attitude towards Shanghai's positioning and the industrial economy.

Jiang Shangzhou believes that Shanghai, as one of the most dense areas of the world's manufacturing resources, should strive to occupy industrial highlands and drive the upgrading and adjustment of traditional industries in the country.

Now that Jiang Shangzhou has left us for 11 years. When we miss him, what are we miss?

Most of his strategic vision, admiring his hard work and progressive character, and regretting his aspirations, "I died without a teacher." The merit in contemporary, the benefit of Qianqiu, maybe his life is the best interpretation.

"The government needs a group of people, staring at changes and forefronts. He may not be reflected in the current changes brought about by the economy, but play a vital role in the development of the next 30 years." In Wan Gang's eyes, Jiang Shangzhou "travels for a lifetime".

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