Liangjiang Observation | Why is it favored by Chongqing?

The new type of apprentice system has consolidated the "tower foundation" for the high -quality development of the industry and provided strong support for the stability of employment.

According to the "Opinions on Comprehensively Implementing a New Apprentice System for Enterprises with Chinese Characteristics" issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance, Chongqing, as a manufacturing city, was included in the first batch of pilot provinces and cities that promoted the system. The Municipal Human Resources and Social Affairs Bureau has made it clear that the city will increase the efforts to implement the new type of apprenticeship of the enterprise, and establish a skill -type talent pool to build an important advanced manufacturing center for the country and achieve economic recovery growth.

Where is the new apprentice system "new", how do apprentices learn? As a pilot city, what is the implementation of Chongqing? Recently, Liangjiang observed institutions such as Chongqing Industry and Trade Technology College, China (Chongqing) Vocational Skills Public Training Center, as well as companies that promoted the system.

New apprentices in the enterprise study at Chongqing Industry and Trade Technician College. (Photo confession in the respondent)

"Order" training

Exquisite and preferential training of training work and accurate matching enterprise needs, new types of apprenticeships for enterprises can be described as a "order formula" training method.

The word "new" is reflected in the matching of the new trend with the development of the industry, and the other is in the form of apprentice system. In other words, the emergence of this system is guided by meeting the new situation of the industry and the new needs of the enterprise. It is good for enterprises to use the benefits of employment and employment for apprentices. It can be described as a win -win situation.

Jiang Hua, deputy principals of Chongqing Industry and Trade Technical College, further explained that the main characteristics of the new type of apprenticeship of the enterprise are "recruitment is enrollment, the enterprise is enrolled, and the enterprise school dual division joint training". The school's two teachers with apprentices "and" alternate training of engineering "to jointly cultivate apprentices, encourage" famous teachers to bring high apprentices "," master and apprentice pair ", and inspire the initiative and enthusiasm of masters and apprentices.

In fact, as early as many years ago, Chongqing has launched the pilot of the system. Last year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the International Labor Organization jointly carried out the training of "international apprentices". Chongqing, together with Tianjin, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and Rizhao City, Shandong Province, became one of the first pilot cities.

In recent years, Chongqing has implemented new apprenticeship systems to achieve significant results--

First, in terms of scale, it expands the situation year by year. Data from the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau show that during the pilot period from 2016 to 2018, more than 8,300 people and 17 colleges and universities were trained, involving 8 major industries, 23 occupations (types), and the scale of training accounted for 41.6% of the country's country. ; From 2019 to 2021, the company's new apprenticeship system has been fully launched, and the occupation (type) has expanded to more than 200, training more than 87,000 people, benefiting more than 2,600 companies; in 2021, "international apprentices" training 38,000 people ...

At the same time, strengthen the power ratio. At present, 9 companies and training institutions in Chongqing have been identified as national and municipal high -skilled talent training bases. 36 companies have set up employee training centers to independently conduct apprenticeship training. More than 700 vocational schools, technical schools, industries and enterprises in the city The training center can carry out new apprenticeship training.

More importantly, the adaptation of the new trend of industrial development has gradually increased. Chongqing proposes that during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, it will be closely focused on the leading industries, emerging industries and 33 key industrial chains to implement new enterprise apprenticeships.

In terms of specific operations, the enterprise is led by the start of the class. The apprentices of each shift generally do not exceed 50 people, and the training is carried out in accordance with the "one class, one plan". Taking the Chongqing Industry and Trade Technician College as an example, the apprentices can be customized by the enterprise independently. By building a course system with "10%general ability+30%occupational ability+60%job ability", "teachers -masters, classrooms -workshops, workshops, workshops -The natural conversion of posts.

Judging from these more accurate and targeted operation methods, Chongqing implements a new type of apprentice system for enterprises, and resonates with the process and requirements of "manufacturing strong cities" and creating important national advanced manufacturing centers.

Yubei District Xu Shuo Technology (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. Industrial Robotic System Operator New Apprentice Training site. Thousands of difficult photos/visual Chongqing

Win -win for school -enterprise learning

The new type of apprenticeship system for enterprises has solved the "last mile" problem between training training and practical use to a certain extent. This is a win -win situation--

The skills of apprentices have improved, the employment rice bowl is more stable, and the corresponding salary is expected to be improved. The new type of apprenticeship of the enterprise follows the principle of "capacity" to ensure that the training goals are closely integrated with the needs of the enterprise, which can better meet the needs of labor employment.

For example, Chongqing Industry and Trade Technician College and Longxin General Power Co., Ltd. jointly carried out more than one year of new apprenticeship training for more than one year. Student Yu Yang said that whether it is theoretical knowledge or practical skills, there are teachers and masters, and the skills of skills are greatly improved, which can be fully able to do future work.

At the same time, the salary level of apprentices' employment has also increased with the improvement of the skill level. Zhang Guangzhong, Minister of Human Resources of Chongqing Energy Investment and Chongqing Energy Corporation, said that the company's first batch of 238 new apprentices recruited by the company Nantong Coal Mine all signed long -term labor contracts with the enterprise, of which more than 70 % of them entered the technical service reserves. Nearly 30 %.

According to the statistics of the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, with the development of the new type of apprenticeship system of enterprises, more than 65%of the new apprentices have grown into middle and senior skilled talents of the enterprise.

Not only that, with the tide of the scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, the transformation and upgrading of some types of work is imminent. "The new type of apprenticeship of the enterprise pays attention to 'new', and it is relatively easy for these employees to transfer to posts in the future." The relevant person in charge of Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd. said that they participated in international cooperation projects of apprenticeship training. With core skills training, students' ability to adapt to new positions has been comprehensively improved. For enterprises, more familiar hand and improvement of employee skills have not only improved the stability rate, but also consolidated the talent foundation of transformation and upgrading.

Many companies have reported that the gap between the vocational skills of new employees and the years of employees has narrowed. For example, during the period from 2019 to 2021, Chongqing Industry and Trade Technician College participated in the pilot system of new enterprise apprentices; at the end of last year, the new apprenticeship system of enterprise systems of 50 people with British Industry, Taicheng, and Changan leapfelt training at the end of last year ; This year, it has signed an agreement with companies such as Xinyuan Group and Rida Automobile Parts Components. It is expected that a total of about 500 people (including 50 high -level workers) will participate ... There are also more talent reserves.

For another example, China (Chongqing) Vocational Skills Public Training Center located in Longzhou Bay, Banan District is a national vocational skills public training base. It has a special intelligent manufacturing technology training center and industry -leading industrial training site. At present, the center and Chongqing Yibao Smart Electronic Installation Co., Ltd. have carried out one -year apprenticeship training on industrial robot system operators and industrial robot system operators. About 200 people participated this year. After graduation of these apprentices, it will provide sufficient "tower" talents for the digital and intelligent development of Jibao.

The focus of Chongqing's implementation of a new type of apprenticeship in enterprises is to manufacture. Long Haitao, an investigator of the Occupational Capability Construction Office of the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, believes that from the perspective of the implementation of the system, the problem of alleviating the "green and yellow" of the manufacturing skills of the manufacturing industry has been important Help.

Students conduct robotic exercises at the China (Chongqing) Vocational Skills Public Training Center. (Photo confession in the respondent)

To solve the problem of coordination

The pilot pilot of the enterprise is gradually effective. In the next step, we must implement it in a more accurate, more targeted, and more forward -looking direction.

Chongqing's "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" and employment promotion "14th Five -Year Plan" proposed that it is necessary to further explore new apprenticeship systems with Chinese characteristics, build a number of training bases, and build a number of regional characteristics and education integration industries, enterprises and colleges school.

As an enterprise, the relevant person in charge of the Human Resources Department of Chongqing Longxin General Power Co., Ltd. believes that the key to the implementation of the system is three aspects: First, the content design should be more tight to the actual needs of the post, and it can effectively help employees improve their practical skills The second is that the teacher team must have stronger professional ability; the third is that in the actual training practice arrangement, it is necessary to combine the actual production of the enterprise, which is both flexible and efficient.

As a new type of apprenticeship system for enterprises, Zhong Weicheng, the person in charge of training center training, believes that coordinating enterprise production and practical courses is the first problem to solve. If the production time is occupied, it will affect the production efficiency of the enterprise. It will also affect the original training plan; if you use the training time to conduct training, it is difficult for students to persist and the effect is not ideal.

Jiang Hua pointed out some of the current problems:

First, some enterprises may be relatively "lagging" due to benefits, and their participation is not high and insufficient. Enterprises need to invest in training costs and apprentices. Once apprentices jump, enterprises will face losses.

Second, school teaching costs are high and management is difficult. The new apprenticeship system generally implements a small class system, and the teachers are also strong, but the training time is long.

In this regard, Jiang Hua suggests ——

First of all, it is necessary to strengthen policy guidance, improve the participation of enterprises, clarify incentive mechanisms such as project promotion, commendation and rewards, and attract enterprises and schools to participate through tax reduction and exemptions and special support.

Second, enterprises and institutions should establish more reasonable linkage channels, and arrange training time flexibly. Tightly meet the specific needs of enterprises and students, and improve the interest of students' learning.

Source: Liangjiang Observation

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