[Great Kingdom Grain] Technology makes salts and alkali land into large granary!

In 2022, the Central Document No. 1 mentioned that actively tap potential to increase cultivated land, and support the moderate and orderly development of reserve resources such as saline and alkali land in accordance with the conditions.

This year, how to tap the potential of the black soil in the cold land with the highest potential of cultivated land, the largest production potential, and the most stable production capacity, and make the "cockpit" status more stable? The reporter interviewed Wang Qiuju, a researcher at the Institute of Black soil Protection and Utilization of Heilongjiang Province and the head of the soil improvement team. She said that one of the power points for the protection of black soil in the future is the development of reserve land resources. Among them, it is difficult to improve saline -alkali land, but the potential for increasing grain production after improvement is greater.

Investigation situation: Most of them have not been reclaimed

It is understood that according to soil classification, the white pulp soil, meadow soil, dark brown soil, black calcium soil, and black soil in Heilongjiang all belong to the soil, and are currently known as the broadpiece. In addition, other types of soil account for one -third of Heilongjiang's arable land.

The saline -alkali land is one -third of those thirds. According to the second soil census (announced in 1994, hereinafter referred to as "Erpu"), the total area of ​​salt -alkali soil in Heilongjiang Province was 13.962 million mu, mainly distributed in Anda, Zhaodong, Zhaoyuan, Daqing, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, wealth, and wealth. Seventeen counties (cities) including Dimeng.

"Heilongjiang Province's salt -alkali soil is the soda -alkaline soil with sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The salt alkali content is high, and the pH value is more than 9 or more." Wang Qiuju told reporters that the results of the "Erpu" survey have been reclaimed with cultivated land 201.6 201.6 Thousands of acres, the remaining 11.946 million acres are grasslands and wasteland, accounting for 85.6%of the total area of ​​salt -alkali soil. Heilongjiang saline soil is an alkali soil mainly based on sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.

There are problems: complexity, unsuitable technical system

Salt -alkali hazards, poor soil physical properties, barren soil, uneven fertility, high groundwater level ... The problems of salinine soil soil itself are complicated.

Wang Qiuju said that the salt -alkali soil of Heilongjiang not only has the harm of salt, but also has the harm of alkali. Generally, the soil of saline -alkali land is mostly moderate or severe salt -alkali soil. The mechanical carrying capacity of the soil is weak, strong sticky, easy to get trapped, and it is difficult to cultivate; after drilling, the seedlings are sinking into the soil after the drill is pornographic, which causes rice seedlings, lack of seedlings, and even producing. If you wait for mud to insert rice, it will be derived from the agriculture.

The improvement of saline -alkali soil is not completed in a certain field. It involves research and cooperation in various fields of water, soil, environment, and chemical industry in order to jointly solve the existing problems in the process of saline and alkali soil improvement and utilization.

Wang Qiuju told reporters that the use of saline -alkali soil, in addition to the high saline content is a obstacle factors for crop growth, low soil fertility and poor permeability are also key factors to restrict the increase in crop production. Due to the improvement of physical properties, the saline soil used is not only not only the use of saline soil not only There are many derivative problems that occur in salt and alkali.

Development and utilization: adapt to local conditions and unified planning

How to make saline -alkali land effectively develop and use? Wang Qiuju gave suggestions.

She said that it is necessary to determine the direction of utilization according to the land conditions of the salin -alkali wasteland, and carry out unified planning according to local conditions. There is the potential to increase the production of saline -alkali field improvement technology; establish a long -term stable policy support for the development and utilization of saline -alkali land. The development and utilization of saline -alkali land should be based on the government, supplemented by large enterprises or cooperatives, and formulating the land policy and incentive mechanism of saline -alkali governance. Attach importance to the improvement of the saline and soil of cultivated land and improvement.

It is understood that the Institute of Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences The Institute of Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Sciences has undergone more than 20 years of research on saline -alkali soil, and the technical model of organic material machinery machinery is deeply buried to improve salt -alkali soil. In 2019, he won the second prize of Heilongjiang Science and Technology Progress. By constructing a stable large pores in the soil and changing the direction of water and salt operation, the goal of reducing salt reduction and alkali, after 2 years of changing the soil in severe saline -alkali, the average increase in pasture of pasture has increased by an average of more than 35%. The saline -alkali land has become a farmland, and the pH value is also reduced from 9 to 8. It can be planted with corn, and after 10 years, it becomes Liangdian. Using the rice shell to deeply improve the salt and alkali wasteland, it will work once, and the latter effect is more than 8 years.

Wang Qiuju told reporters that the technology has been introduced by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shenyang Agricultural University, and promoted and applied in Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places.

"The third national soil census will start this year. By 2025, the Heilongjiang Provincial Land of Land will be summarized." Wang Qiuju introduced that the third national soil census. According to national requirements, Heilongjiang Province will not be available at the end of 2022. After the survey statistics, it will provide a basis for the development and utilization of it. I believe that the potential of the saline and alkali land of Longjiang will be fully released in the future!

Original title: [Great Kingdom Grain] technology makes saline -alkali land into large granary!

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