Long -term basic monitoring: Know the beginning of black land

In the past, your understanding of black land

Not necessarily right

Perhaps many people, like me, knew about the black land in Northeast China, originally from the geographical textbooks in junior high school, blurred the fertile land, and there was a trend of degradation after high intensity. In addition, there is almost no deeper understanding.

During the interview, almost all scientists who studied black land for a long time gave me a similar opening remarks: In the past, your understanding of black land was not necessarily right. For a long time, the description of the degree of degradation of the northeast black land in the academic community fell into chaos. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were some voices that "the black land will basically disappear within 50 years." It seems that the black land in Northeast China has been on the verge of destruction, and some voices say that one -third of the black soil is not degraded. The reason why this kind of chaos is caused by decades, the overall and continuous monitoring of the Northeast Black Earth Area is missing. The national soil census has been 43 years ago. Because of this, scientists are mostly the answers to some questions from the regional monitoring of their own designed, but it is difficult for everyone to quantify the degradation of the Black Earth Zone from the situation of the Northeast China.

Because of this, Liu Jie, the dean of the Institute of Black Land Protection and Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, told me that the public's understanding of the black land in Northeast China is mostly emotional. Beidang has degraded into the second loess plateau ", which can attract wider attention, but there is no direct evidence for support, and even exaggerated suspicion. It's appropriate. "

Starting from the position of protecting the black land, the soil census that can reflect the basic data of the Northeast black land is imminent. The third national soil census was launched in February 2022. One of the main tasks is to find out different ecological conditions, different types of soil quality and its obstacle degradation status, which can provide more data and technical support for the protection of black land. In fact, the soil census always launched during the period when the country attaches great importance to food security. The first national soil census began in 1958. It was the time when Chinese agricultural production encountered difficulties and the food was in short supply. Beginning in 1979, it was the collapse of the national economy and was about to strengthen food production. The third national soil census was launched after two years of outbreaks of the new crown epidemic. Production is deemed to be the top priority.

As for how to protect black land, the answer comes from the long -term basic work of scientists year after year. The changes in the soil can not be seen for two days and two years. It is only a moment for two years and three years. If the theoretical bias proposed, it can be pulled back on track after decades. After the interview, I understand that scientists who can adhere to the dull and repeated work are worthy of respect.

Send 2022.6.27 Total Issue 1049 "China News Weekly"

Magazine title: Long -term basic monitoring: Knowing the beginning of black land

Reporter: Zhang Xinyu ([email protected])

Edit: Wang Xiaoxia

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