"Chronicle" "Wheat Man" in the golden wheat field -Remember the Research Team of Gangu Test Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Wheat of Wheat Village, Yonggou Village, Yongqing Town, Qingshui County gradually yellow.

New Gansu · Gansu Daily reporter Chaoxia

In mid -June, the winter wheat in the southeast of Gansu has gradually changed from emerald green to yellow, the wind blows wheat waves, and the face is spiked. The agricultural machinery galloped the wheat fields and harvested the sickle from south to north.

How is this winter wheat growing up? What is the case of anti -disease? The reporter walked into the Water Test Station of the Institute of Wheat of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Gangu Test Station of the Gangu Test Station of the Institute of Plant Protection.

This is a scientific research base for the monitoring and control technology research of winter wheat breeding, wheat crop germplasm resources, and the research of pests and insect pests such as wheat rust. The research team of the experimental station worked hard on the development of the "chip" of the seed industry, made articles on the selection of new varieties, and made real moves on the green prevention and control of rust, supporting the safety of the safety of the rations.

Cultivate "Lan Tian" wheat new varieties

In the midsummer season, Qingshui County is fresh, cool and pleasant.

Qingshui was called Shangye in the ancient times, and the county name was used as "the four notes of Qingquan". In this farmland of farming civilization, wheat, corn, potato and other crops are spread all over the fields. Walnuts, apples, Pinellia, sea buckthorn and other forests are green mountains.

Wheat at the Qingshui Test Station.

Yongqing Town is 5 kilometers southeast of the county seat, and the Qingshui Test Station of the Wheat Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences is located here. The 100 acres of wheat fields at the base of Magou Village Taishan Temple at Malou Village, the green is yellow. The breeze blew, and the full wheat ears swayed in the wind.

The Qingshui Pilot Station was founded in 1969 and was founded by Professor Zhou Xiangchun, a well -known wheat breeder in our country. It has a history of more than 50 years. Essence

The scientific research team has introduced a large number of domestic and foreign anti -rust quality resources, built the largest domestic anti -rust gene library in China, and cultivated a number of anti -rust rusty species carrying different rust -resistant genes and different rust -resistant types. The abundance of anti -strip rust genes in the southeast has reduced the harm of wheat rust to the wicker area of ​​the eastern part of my country, and has made important contributions to my country's food security.

The reporter saw in the test field that there are various wheat breeding materials from the country, which are clearly compared: Lan Tian series wheat varieties green leaves and green leaves and full granules. Other varieties are yellow and dry infected due to infection. The good anti -rust of Lan Tian series varieties.

Wheat infected with rust.

"We must adhere to the spirit of Professor Zhou Xiangchun and other older generations of scientists, and continue to do a good job of innovation of wheat quality resources and the selection of new varieties." Researcher Lu Qinglin, director of Qingshui Test Station and Provincial Government, told reporters that the current scientific research team On the basis of the original rust resistance, the breeding ideas of "reducing plant heights and transforming plant types and further increasing production potential" have been proposed, and breakthroughs in the rust resistance of strip -resistant rust and dry land per mu over 600 kg have been realized.

In the trial field, a plant -free wheat was neatly tidy. Although the "head" was low, about 70 cm tall, there was no knee, but the spikes were long, about 8.5 cm. Researcher Cao Shiqin, deputy director of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, took off a spike head, crushed wheat skin, and exposed the round and full white seeds. "This is Lan Tian No. 36 wheat. In 2020, he created 620.88 kg in Huixian County High -yield record! "

Lu Qinglin introduced Lan Tian No. 36 wheat.

"Wheats that can usually resist rust, and the output is relatively low. This is a pair of contradictions. Cultivating the varieties of both disease resistance and high yield and cold and drought, and we have done this well. At present, we are now. Newly selected new varieties of disease -resistant wheat -resistant wheat in the southeast mountains, and the yield per mu can generally reach more than 400 kilograms. "Researcher Du Jiuyuan introduced.

The research on the "Selection and Application and Application of the New Winter Variety of Winter Wheels" carried out by the Winter Wheel Research Team of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Five new winter wheat varieties including Tian 34, Lanian No. 35, Lan Tian No. 36, have compact plant types, short straws, high yield, rust resistance significantly. Since 2013, the five winter wheat varieties have been promoted in the core rust of my country's rust diseases of more than 57 million acres, adding 269 million kilograms of grain, and a new profit of 725 million yuan. Among them, from 2018 to 2020, a total of 3.65 million acres were promoted, 172 million kilograms were added, and pesticide and prevention costs were saved by 54.78 million yuan. It is of great significance to increase food production, reduce efficiency, and increase farmers' income. This scientific research results won the first prize of the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award in 2021.

The "chip" for making ration production

Grain safety, big country. Wheat is the main food crop in northern my country, and it is the most important ration in Gansu Province.

Seeds are "chips" for grain production. Cultivating and planting anti -rusty varieties to achieve green, safe, and high -quality production of wheat is the most important and economic effective measures to ensure food safety. To this end, the scientific research team of the Institute of Wheat of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences has continued to work hard to innovate and explore in terms of genetic resources mining, new technology research and breeding applications.

With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the scientific research team carried out fine positioning of wheat varieties anti -rust genes with anti -disease gene aggregation breeding, such as the wheat variety "Lan Yin No. 1" lasting anti -rust gene analysis, wheat variety Lanhang selection 122 122 Research on the positioning of qtl positioning of adult antibody rust. At the same time, with the support of the key R & D plans of Gansu Province, the provincial academy of biological breeding and other projects, the research on Longnan's long -lasting anti -rust winter wheat breeding, the creation of wheat molecular breeding platforms and varieties, and aerospace mutant breeding. Bai Bin (second from left) introduces wheat breeding.

"We adopt international advanced wheat molecular breeding and rapid breeding technologies to increase the breeding. It can cultivate 3 to 4 generations a year and achieve Gansu wheat rapid breeding." Said Dr. Bai Bin, the Institute of Wheat of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

The post -doctoral post -doctoral after studying abroad from the National University of Singapore was dried dark under the sun. "Look, Dr. Bai became Dr. Black"! "Said joke.

Bai Bin pointed to the wheat in the ground and said, "Lan Tian 196 is a new department of anti -disease and high yields cultivated by molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding technology, aggregating the end -of -lasting disease -resistant gene, and the field performance is excellent. Immunity, high content of protein, wet gluten, good ductility, can be used as special varieties of noodles. "

For problems such as the unclear genetic foundation of the important agronomic traits of the wheat, the lack of dedicated varieties, the rust rust, and the resistance of the pink disease is easy to lose, relying on the Western Light, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Support, etc. In the cooperation between the Academy of Science and Technology and the Central Agricultural University of China, researcher Yang Fangping and experts such as Bai Bin and Liu Jintong carried out the importance of the importance of wheat importance and the study of gene aggregation methods.

The results of this research are significant: the first analysis of the important agronomic tradition genes such as Chunhua, light cycle, short stalks, and disease resistance in the world's major countries and the genetic effects of different wheat areas in my country have clarified the my country and Gansu Province. The distribution frequency of wheat variety gluten strength and pigment genes; based on the application of 4 persistent resistance for more than 50 years in the Longnan Wheat District, discover 26 new anti -disease trait gene seats, develop molecular marks with close chains, and reveal its lasting lasting Genetic mechanism of disease resistance; applying for anti -rust assisted selection of 2 national invention patents (one of which has been authorized), and 23 new anti -wheat products are cultivated.

This study played a leading role in the selection of important agricultural properties and disease -resistant genetic analysis and molecular label assistance in domestic and foreign wheat, and won the third prize of the Gansu Natural Science Award in 2021.

Experts from Qingshui Test Station observe in the field.

After scientific research, the team has achieved fruitful results. Longyuan 235 In the provincial Longdong Film area test, anti -inverse and high yield performance was outstanding, and it was always ranked first in the variety of test species; Lan Tian No. 58, due to the height of the plant, an average of 94 cm, good drought resistance and cold resistance. , Especially for Chunhan Cold, have strong resistance; Lanhang elected L622, is a high -quality spring wheat breed cultivated by aerospace mutation, high anti -anti -rust, Chinese anti -white powder disease and leaf rust, water saving, drought and barren, strong and strong, and strong and strong. It is suitable for the middle strong tendons that are suitable for ramen.

In addition to rust resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, the scientific research team has also developed many new functional wheat varieties. The reporter saw in the test field that the ears of the wheat were purple -red purple wheat, and the seeds were also purple, which was rich in anthocyanins and selenium. Last year, the community test was more than 600 kilograms per mu, and the market prospects were very broad.

Purple wheat variety.

"Rust doctor" of anti -rust and rust removal

Strip rust is called the "cancer" of wheat. What is the harm of wheat growth?

The reporter came to Wujia Village, Xingxing Town, Gangu County, and saw in the wheat test field of the Gangu Test Station of the Gangu Test Station of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences that wheat that was eroded by rust, wheat ears were still green, but the straw and leaves were yellow. Wheat leaves are yellow -brown "rust spots". Dip the wheat ears dandruff, wheat grains are empty.

"The wheat has not had time to grout, mature, and sometimes even touches, and suffers from the downs of rust. In this case, wheat infected with rust is basically harvested!" Li Fu, chief agronomician of the Provincial Agricultural and Rural Hall, introduced that wheat introduced that wheat, wheat, wheat, wheat, wheat, wheat introduced, wheat, wheat, wheat, wheat. When the rust is severe, walking in the wheat field, the legs were stained yellow.

Strip rust is the most important disease in the production of wheat in our province. The statistics of the Provincial Plant Protection Plant Inspection Station year by year show that the Longnan Yuexia District, where rust bacteria often transmitted to the district, most years have reached moderate to moderate to moderate to each other. Monitoring of small variety variations of wheat rusty bacteria shows that more than 80%of rusty bacteria are first discovered in the Yuexia District of Longnan, and then gradually accumulated and spread to other wheat areas across the country. This area is the most important "source" of the most important summer region and the new poisonous species of germs in my country's wheat rust.

The wheat anti -disease appraisal nursery at the Gangu Test Station.

In order to prevent major diseases and insect pests such as wheat rust, pink pink disease, and giant mold disease, the Gangu Test Station was founded in 1963. In 2009, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Gansu Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences jointly established the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to prevent scientific observation pilot stations in the field of field prevention and control of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2018, it became the first batch of 36 national field scientific observation test stations, and was named the National Plant Protection Gansu Test Station.

The Gangu Test stood under the inheritance of the older generations of scientific research experts such as Wang Jiqing and Jinhe Lin, and members of Jia Qiuzhen, Cao Shiqin, Zhang Bo, Sun Zhenyu and other team members have conducted research and demonstrations of monitoring and prevention and control technology in wheat rust barbarians in the past ten years. Won the third prize of the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award in 2021. This achievement confirmed that No. 34 in the tilted entry is the most historic toxicity, which is the main reason for the loss of rust resistance in Gansu and the national wheat varieties. Scientifically guided the reasonable layout of disease resistance and varieties. Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other domestic breeding units provided more than 200 good resource materials and more than 300 grams of rusty bacteria, which provided technical support for the selection of domestic rust -resistant varieties and effectively controlled it. The rust disease was popular. From 2018 to 2020, a total of 19.62 million mu, an increase of 335 million yuan.

"We mainly do the research of wheat rust disaster disaster mechanism and sustainable prevention and control technology. According to the current research status, there are two 'keys' in controlling rust: First, the study of germs, clarify the direction of germs, epidemic trends, and guide disease resistance and breeding breeding The second is the research of varieties, focusing on the screening of anti -rust varieties, and put forward the opinions of the layout of disease resistance. "Researcher Jia Qiuzhen introduced.

Jia Qiuzhen (second from right) introduced rust resistance research.

Researcher Cao Shiqin believes that the pathogenic bacteria of strip rust are continuously upgraded. We need to continuously cultivate new rust -resistant varieties. "

Strip rust can cause wheat to reduce production or harvest, while giant moldy disease causes wheat grains to deteriorate and mold, and humans and animals are poisoned. In response, scientific researchers carried out research on monitoring and prevention and control of wheat undercib disease in Longnan Huicheng Basin.

It is worth noting that there are fewer genes in the world, and there are very few genes in Gansu, and there are two new varieties of Lan Tian 45 and Lan Tian 48 cultivated by scientific research teams such as Lu Qinglin. The rust disease is also anti -white powder and giant mold; the number of ears of Lan Tian 48 will exceed 400,000, and the ears of more than 40 grains are expected to produce more than 500 kilograms this year.

There are good seeds of "top 种" in the mountains and dry land

In the south of the summer, wheat is golden, and gradually matures. On a tall wheat straw, a ears of wheat are full of wheat ears. After walking through the wheat field, the long wheat mang gently scratched his arm, and "唰唰" emitted a rhythmic rhythm.

"Experts from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences have white hair, their faces are dark, and their hearts are broken, but the breeded wheat varieties are not dying, drought, and freezing. This wheat 'fetus' disease was cured, and the wheat was avoided when the wheat grew up. Our cooperatives are very welcome. Last year, we planted 500 acres of Lantian Wheat, which looked as neat as a platter. " Guo Daquan introduced. It is reported that 230,000 acres of wheat planted in Xiba County, of which more than 170,000 acres are planted in the Lan Tian series of wheat.

The Huixian Agricultural Technology Promotion Center worked in the field. Photo by Yang Xiaohui, a correspondent of Gansu · Gansu Daily

Researcher Yang Xiaohui of Huixian Agricultural Technology Promotion Center said: "Lantian Wheat has benefited the farmers in Huixian County. We are loyal promoters of Lantian Wheat varieties. Last fall, the rainy weather caused a late sowing. I went to see the wheat field in March this year and could not see hope. But since early April, due to the government's "one spray and three defenses', high -efficiency, high yield, green production and other funds and policy support, the field management measures are in place, and the upgrades of seedlings and transformations are fast and fast. , Lan Tian Wheat varieties have played a unique advantage of production, this year wheat harvest is looking at it. "

Qingshui County planted about 250,000 acres of wheat this year, of which more than 60%of the Lantian varieties wheat. Last year, Lan Tian 36 was produced in Liugou Village and Lantian 42 in Shuiqing Village, Jinji Town, and 584.5 kg and 597.5 kg, respectively, all created high -yield records of local mountains and dry wheat. "This is the good seed of the" top "of the mountains and dry land. Our county takes the lead in establishing a wheat primary base, which will vigorously promote the application, benefit the majority of farmers, and benefit the breeding enterprise." Li Juxia, the head of Qingshui County, said.

Qin Xiaolong, chairman of Shaanxi Longfeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd., and the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mai Signed Longyuan 235 variety right transfer contract. He said: "I have been engaged in wheat breeding for more than 30 years, and usually 350,000 ears in the arid wheat of the arid ground, but the number of ears in Langtian 36 and Lan Tian 43 reached more than 600,000 ears, and the yield per mu was more than 600 kilograms. Water pouring wheat output is close, it is shocking! "

Gangu County wheat mature.

The Winter wheat breeding team of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successively raised a number of different ecological areas such as Lan Tian No. 36, Lan Tian No. 45, Lanhang Selected 121, Lanhang Selected 151, Lan Tian 196, Lan Tian 538, etc. (Mountain, Sichuan, 植) The wheat varieties planted by the plant are good, and the yield is prominent, which is loved by the majority of farmers. At present, the Lantian series wheat varieties are in the four provinces of Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Qinghai, which remains more than 3 million acres each year, accounting for 38%of the total sowing area of ​​Gansu Winter wheat.

In the southeast of Long, large wheat fields, harvesting in harvest.In the wheat fields of the Gangu Test Station, experts are fighting against the Longjian 9825 wheat varieties with better rust. "This wheat is neat and yellow.It's not the kind of gray color. Look at this wheat ears and no problem! "Wheat breeding expert Wang Shihong introduced while walking, and stroking the stalks while walking. With the sound of" 唰唰 ", bendingThe stalks stood up again, "This wheat has a good resistance!" He explained.Wang Shihong introduced Longjian 9825 wheat new varieties.The picture is taken by the reporter of the New Gansu · Gansu Daily in addition to the signature.

The "Wheat Man" of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Gangu Test Station explored new breakthroughs from the heavy historical accumulation of more than 50 years, inherited and promoted the spirit of scientists, took root in the countryside, devoted himself to research, forge ahead, worked hard, and worked hard.Tibetan grain technology and guarantee of the safety of food continued to move forward.

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