Summer grain harvest is full -Shandong's "Sanxia" production situation survey

The Executive Meeting of the State Council held on June 22 pointed out that this year's summer grain wheat increased yield and harvest has become a foregone conclusion and quality is better than all year round. Looking back at the "San Xia" production this year, this harvest is not easy. Last year, there were rare autumn floods in many places across the country. Wheat was postponed. The proportion of weak seedlings in late broadcasts was high, and the management of field management was difficult. How can Xia grains produce? How to crack the problem? Is there any confidence in the harvest? The Economic Daily reporter came to Shandong, the province of Grain, to find the answer during the summer harvest.

When a year of wheat harvest, the full wheat ears in the fields were golden; a combination of a combination of a united harvesting machine shuttle by the road was rang; the busy peasants on the field of the fields sweat and rain bloomed ... The farm proverb said, "Xia Feng is stable all year round all year round. "Xia's apology throughout the year is tight," it can be seen that Xia Grain's importance in the production of food throughout the year. Shandong's total grain output stabilized for 8 consecutive years to 100 billion kg, and in 2021, it exceeded the 110 billion kg. In the midsummer in June, Shandong's "San Xia" production work was carried out in an orderly manner from south to north and west to east. After experiencing the test of the evening flood and the weakness of Miao, what efforts did Shandong make in the stable production of high yields? Can this year's summer grains continue to increase production? Can farmers grow summer grains? The reporter went deep into the field and visited field.

Protecting farmers' enthusiasm for planting grain

The 100 -acre wheat contracted by Jia Xibin, a large grain plan in Sucun Town, Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong, has a bumper harvest this year. In the wheat field, only the sound of the machine was rumbling, which was very lively. The reporter saw that the harvester shuttled in the wheat field, and a transport vehicle was full of golden wheat grains.

Jia Xibin, who was standing at the ground, calculated a account for reporters with his fingers: Land contracting fee of 400 yuan to 500 yuan a year, 20 pounds of wheat species per acre of land, 30 yuan for cost, at least twice a year fertilized twice a year It takes 200 yuan, plus sowing and harvesting 160 yuan ... The cost of one acre of land is about 900 yuan. This year's better plot can collect 900 pounds of wheat, almost six or seven hundred pounds. The market is better. It can be sold to 1.5 yuan to 1.6 yuan per catty. The state also gives wheat subsidies to grain farmers. These areas can make tens of thousands of yuan. In addition, the next cropped corn can be added. It reaches more than 1200 yuan.

How to manage 100 acres of wheat? Jia Xibin said: "There are sowing machines for sowing, drones for drugs, harvested and harvesters, from planting to collecting all machinery, very effort." Lou Minglian, who is also a big grain, planted more than 160 acres of wheat this year, and Jia Xibin is different. She has her own agricultural industrial park and is equipped with various types of agricultural machinery. At the same time as wheat planting, the industrial park can also be used as a good breed cultivation base. Speaking of this year's harvest, Lou Minglian is also full of confidence: "This year's land per acre has two more than three hundred yuan more than last year, and now the wheat has all returned to the warehouse. I plan to continue to increase the planting area next year. Further fine management, let the output acres go to a new level. "

The Jinrun family planting farm of Diaojian Army of Diaojian Army, Xinhua Road Street, Linqing City, Shandong is the largest farm farm in the local area. For more than ten years, Diao Jianjun has been planting wheat wheat and sold to seed companies after harvesting, selling more than 0.15 yuan per catty than ordinary wheat.刁建军介绍：“小麦种植面积360亩。按每亩1300斤计算，种子每斤卖到一块六毛五，毛收入总计72万多元，净利润近30万元。考虑到还有秋季的玉米， The net profit is about 800 yuan per mu, and it can be sold to more than 280,000 yuan at the current price. In this way

Diao Jianjun told reporters that in order to make wheat stable production, his method was to "talk about science step by step." Choose Select Tymat 198, which is anti -falling. The soil is first detected when sowing, and there are more than 20 detection points in a small piece; then scientifically allocate fertilizer, preferably treat seeds. A storm of this spring affects many wheat, and the wheat he grown has not been damaged.

It can be seen from the "small ledger" of farmers that making money is directly related to the enthusiasm of farmers' grain planting, and it is also directly related to the stable food production. As a large province of grain, Shandong accelerates the improvement of food safety and long -term mechanisms, and fully mobilizes the enthusiasm of the masses to plant grain. In 2021, Shandong implemented a reward of 2.67 billion yuan in grain -producing (oil) counties, 7.778 billion yuan in the protection subsidies of cultivated land land, and distributed 1.535 billion yuan in actual grain farmers.

Good breeds and good recipes to help the yield

"Except for moisture and impurities, converted into a standard water content. The actual per mu of output is 801.72 kg, which refreshes the national super -gluten wheat mass production record." On June 9th, in Tengzhou City, Shandong , Huang Chengyan, deputy head of the Mai Division of the Shandong Agricultural Expert Consultant Regiment.

In addition to good varieties, high yields require scientific and efficient farmland management measures. In recent years, Tengzhou's high -standard farmland has basically achieved full coverage. "According to the actual measurement, we have 7 townships and 11 plots have exceeded the record of 800 kilograms per mu." Said Chen Weitai, director of the Tengzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau. According to preliminary estimates, the average production of Tengzhou this year is expected to reach more than 600 kilograms. The average increase in wheat increased by about 40 kg per acre, and the total production is expected to increase by nearly 30,000 tons.

"At present, the varieties we cultivate are Mai Mai 818, which have the characteristics of resistance and high yield. Compared with other varieties, the Mai Mai 818 is slightly late, but the average per mu production capacity is about 200 pounds." Liu Mingguo, the person in charge of Baisha Village Wheat Breeding Base.

In recent years, Liu Mingguo's Tai'an Mountain Agricultural Seed Industry Technology Development Co., Ltd. Xintai Branch has provided seeds and technologies from scientific research institutions through the transfer of land breeding industries for the land development of Xiaobaiha Village. Management supporting technology of good breed and good method. "Our wheat breeding capacity has reached 1300 to 1500 pounds, and the recovery price is higher than 10%of the market price. Only one item can increase the village collective income of 50,000 to 60,000 yuan." Fan Qingguo, Secretary of the Party Branch. At present, Liu Mingguo has the development of the land development and breeding industry of 7 administrative villages, including Xiaobai Sha Village, and produces 1,200 tons of wheat varieties and 1,300 tons of corn varieties each year. Wheat species will be sowed to the land in New Thailand.

On June 11, Wei Dedong, the head of Fumin Farm, Linyi County, Dezhou City, Shandong, stood next to the golden yellow wheat field. Looking at it, there are 32 wheat varieties exhibits in different varieties. "Wheat varieties are one of the key elements of summer grain harvest. There are no good varieties. No matter how good the equipment and technology are, it is difficult to improve the quality and output of wheat. There are good varieties suitable for local cultivation, "Wei Dadong said.

"I signed an order with the breeding company. They provided seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery. The technical personnel guided and recovered throughout the process, and the recovery price was 0.1 yuan per catty. I think this model is very worry -free." On June 9th, more than 400 acres of wheat harvested by Wang Guofeng, Da Cao Town, Ningjin County, Texas City, Shandong. These wheat are all breeds breeding for Defa Seed Industry Co., Ltd. according to orders.

In Ningjin County, there are more than 30,000 farmers who have benefited from the order planting model like Wang Guofeng. Ningjin County is a national -level wheat -made county. It has 8 good breed breeding companies. It has developed 46 wheat and corn varieties with independent intellectual property rights. Relying on the advantages of good breeds, the county vigorously develops the "company+base+farmers" order planting model. The area of ​​wheat breeding breeding bases has an area of ​​100,000 mu, driving more than 30,000 farmers to increase their income.

Shandong wheat has a planting area of ​​about 60 million acres for a year, and the continuous increase in food production is mainly relied on increasing production. By 2025, the area of ​​high -quality wheat planting in Shandong will reach 30 million mu, of which 12 million mu of strong gluten wheat will be reached. "In the next step, we must continuously promote key technical measures such as unified supply, wheat 'one spray and three defenses', and pests and insect pests, and constantly excavate the potential of production." Said Chi Fang, Chief of the Plant Management Office of the Shandong Agricultural and Rural Hall.

Salted and alkali land improves to rice grainchuan

Saline -alkali land was once called the "terminal illness" of land. This problem is greatly helpful for ensuring stable food production and increasing food. In the past few years, Shandong Grain Production Area has improved its efforts in the improvement of saline and alkali land, and has seen the effect in this summer harvest.

On the morning of June 11th, in the wheat field of 50 acres of saline -alkali land in Wu'anzhuang Village, Xinshengdian Village, Xinshengdian Town, Xiajin County, Texas City, Shandong, the wheat fragrance was mixed with the scent of straw with the roar of the two harvesters. Essence This year's average production of 1156.04 pounds, from germination, division, extraction, spitting ears to harvest, each stage of wheat was unexpectedly expected by Wang Yanling. "Unlike the common wheat fields, the saltness of this plot is relatively high, and it will be 'white' when it rains." Wang Yanling said that he has contracted this plot for 9 years. Previously, the production of wheat acres had never reached thousands of pounds.

It is located in Xiajin County, northwest of Luneng, and saline and alkali land accounts for about 20%of the arable land area. Xinshengdian Town is a relatively serious area of ​​Xiajin County's saline alkaliization. Wang Yanling's 50 acres of land set up this group of soil improved ride. "When this land was transferred in 2013, it was stiff when dry, and white flowers after pouring. Planting one crop and one stubble. The wheat mura was less than 400 pounds." Wang Yanling said that with the experience of planting fields, he changed his own water and deep water. He changed his own water and deep. Moisturizing and applying organic fertilizer to improve the soil ... invested nearly 300,000 yuan before and after, and wheat output increased year by year. Last year, the average output of 800 pounds was 800 pounds. Yes, let the expert find a way. "

Last autumn, the expert team of the "ton half grain" production capacity construction technology demonstration project of Xiajin County, Xiajin County began to conduct a "modified land increase" test on 50 acres of saline -alkali land in Wangyanling: use ETS composite microorganisms improvement technology to repair the land ecology of the land ecology System functions.

After nearly a year of reclamation, this former saline and alkali land not only enhanced soil fertility through improvement, but also with the help of the unified promotion of the "Tiantu Water Road Forest Electricity Tube" comprehensive supporting and integrated spray irrigation system construction of the county, and gradually became the construction of the water and fertilizer. "Tian Chengfang, Lucheng Frame, Qu Chengwang" high -standard farmland. "I will expand 100 acres for soil improvement next year." Wang Yanling was more determined.

In the blue sky, the first phase of the first phase of the high -standard farmland demonstration zone in the Kenli District of Dongying City, Shandong Dongying City, was swayed with the wind in the first phase of the high -standard farmland demonstration zone. "These low -yield land, we have been improved since May last year. The amount of salt containing soil has dropped from 16 ‰ to less than 3 ‰, and the wheat estimates more than 700 pounds." On June 10, I heard the results of the on -site expert appraisal results. , The chairman of Shandong Qianshun Soil and Water Governance Technology Co., Ltd. Gai Junshan's heart was completely let go. "It turns out that these places do not receive nine years. Now through improvement and management, the grown wheat increasing income by 980 yuan per acre. After the wheat is collected, it will be planted for an annual increase." Wang Hongguang, Secretary of the Party Branch. In Kenli, the area of ​​saline and alkali land reached 645,000 mu, accounting for 79.5%of the total area of ​​the arable land in Kenli, and the salt content of many saline and alkali land exceeded 10 ‰. The salt content of each area was large, and the improvement was difficult. Kenli District has been digging and using the potential of saline -alkali land.

In the past, due to the lack of saline -alkali land improvement technology, local farmers generally excavated deep ruling and poured away the salt in the soil through large water. Ecological disturbance is large, and the cost of water is high.

In recent years, Kenli District has implemented salt -alkali -land improvement projects. Through measures and other measures such as land arrangement and recruitment of wisdom, the former salt -alkali beach has been transformed into the Gragon's granary in the Yellow River Delta region.

"After the 3,000 acres of saline -alkali land, after the self -innovated national invention patent technology improved, the salt content was reduced from the original 16 ‰ to about 3 ‰, saving more than 40%of freshwater, and the goal of 60 years of non -alkali. Our we are. The goal is that two years later, 10,000 acres of saline -alkali land in the first and second phases have become 'ton grain fields. "Gai Junshan said.

According to Wan Shubo, Dean of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, currently has more than 40 million acres of light medium saline -alkali cultivated land in the Bohai Rim region and 9.5 million mu of saline -alkali wasteland. According to estimates, if the quality of the arable land in saline and alkali land is increased by 1 to 2 levels, it can increase the production of more than 6 million tons of food each year, which is of great significance to ensure my country's food safety and the sustainable agricultural development.

Grain -saving reduction particles return warehouse

Ensuring the yield and harvest of summer grain, full machine collection is the basis, and loss reduction and consumption and reduction are the key. At 9 am on June 8th, the event of the Wheeto Machine Reproduction and Reduction of Wheat Machinery in Zibo City, Shandong started the gongs. Essence After the harvesting, the judges used a sample steel frame of about two meters long, half meters wide, and randomly stuck to the ground that was just harvested. In the wheat land circled by the steel frame, the wheat grains in the wheat bran were picked out by the judges. Weighing calculation. The speed, loss rate and stubble height of each agricultural machinery manager will be selected to select the damage champion.

As the first "tonnage county" in Jiangbei, the average production of wheat in Huantai County has ranked first in Shandong for 11 consecutive years. In recent years, Huantai County has vigorously promoted the application of high -performance agricultural machinery, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of high -yielding and farming and collection of grain has gone at the forefront.

Harvesting, turning, turning, and removing food in one go. The intelligent unmanned harvesting machine shuttled back and forth in the wheat fields in Cuizhu Village, Kongzhen Town, Lailing City, Shandong, and carried out unattended homework according to the established route. Liu Chao, assistant to the general manager of Weichai Laorita Network Science and Technology, said that compared with the traditional harvester, the unmanned harvesting machine has the advantages of high degree of intelligence, flexible work mode, straight driving path, and small trajectory deviation. A driverless harvester can harvest about 15 acres of wheat per hour per hour, which not only improves operating accuracy, operating efficiency, reduces production costs, but also reduces the loss rate to the greatest extent.

"In the past, wheat collection was more than the shortest time, and now he lost less than who lost. Only to vigorously promote agricultural mechanization and intelligence. Only to achieve increased food production and income. "According to Xi Yanjun, the director of the Agricultural Machinery Service Center of Leling City, Shandong, consumption reduction is income, reducing damage to increase production. A total of 1,900 orderly flowing operations such as driving harvesters, high -end wheat harvesters, etc., set up 16 wheat machine collection emergency operation service teams to overhaul the number of various types of agricultural machinery 7,000 units to ensure that wheat particles are returned. This year, 868,000 mu of wheat planting wheat in Leling City is expected to produce 650 kg per mu. For every 1%reduction in the loss of machine collection, 5.6 million kilograms of grain can be collected.

In order to accelerate the mechanization of agricultural mechanization, relying on Weichairevo and other large agricultural machinery equipment enterprises, Shandong R & D and innovated a number of key needs, new intelligent food production machinery and equipment, and the joint harvesting machines and plant protection machinery sales manufactured by Shandong accounted for the whole country respectively. 60%, 70%. At the same time, Shandong also fully implemented a subsidy policy for agricultural machinery purchase, and preferentially replenished and opened up for the entire grain of the grain. At present, the total power of Shandong Agricultural Machinery has reached 110 million kilowatt -hours, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of wheat and corn farming has reached 99.6%and 97.2%, respectively.

Drying storage is also a key link after the harvest of food. According to incomplete statistics, after the harvest of food is harvested, due to factors such as inaccurate drying, improper drying, and unreasonable storage methods, causing grain and insect pests, mouse harm, mold, and germination, losses of about 5%each year.

Last falling rainy weather last fall, it makes it difficult to collect and storage in Qihe County, Texas City. Recently, Qihe County invested 500 million yuan of wheat and corn drying storage projects to complete this problem. On June 9th, with the application of 16 drying storage facilities in 15 townships (streets) in Qihe County, Texas City, it was the first to achieve full coverage of dry warehousing facilities. Dong Yong, deputy director of the Qihe County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, said: "The implementation of dry warehousing facilities towns and villages are not only to solve the pain of reality, but also the development needs of the development. Season; on the other hand, the coverage of dry warehousing facilities is conducive to food safety, and it is also conducive to promoting food production full -chain of grain and reduced damage. "Dong Yong told reporters that Qihe County has promoted grain drying, processing, proxy, agency agency, and agency agency. Storage, cleaning up, and sales services to realize the direct drying of food from the ground into the warehouse. They also innovatively applied "IoT+Intelligent" grain storage technology to achieve green management of "low temperature, low -oxygen, low energy consumption" in inventory grain; The quality of the whole link is strictly controlled, and the real -time warning management of temperature, humidity, and insect pests ensures scientific grain storage and accurate damage.

"Grain drying warehousing is a weak link for the full mechanization of grain production. The biggest problem facing is high investment. Grain drying mechanization technology requires a complete set of equipment. In addition to the need to purchase the machine used for drying, the selection machine, conveyor machine, etc. For related supporting facilities, the price of dryers alone is hundreds of thousands to millions of yuan. The state also subsidizes some equipment purchase, but the operating enterprise has a large investment in investment, and the recovery cost will take a long time. " According to Dong Yong, Qihe County estimates that the cost of drying in food per catty is 0.1 yuan. Based on the average yield of wheat and corn in Qihe County, it costs more than 200 yuan per mu of grain drying. If you consider the high humidity of food, the operating cost is higher. To this end, relevant enterprises have suggested that the state can further expand the scope of purchase subsidies such as dryers and other equipment and increase subsidy standards. On the basis of the top subsidies of grain drying machinery prescribed by the central and provincial levels, local governments of municipal counties and counties are encouraged to implement secondary purchase subsidies. "It is recommended to carry out a pilot of grain drying operations in the Grain Production County, and subsidize it in accordance with the standards of 0.05 yuan/catties, which can effectively increase the enthusiasm of the majority of farmers or new agricultural business entities to purchase and use dryers." Dong Yong said.

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