Squatting dots once 丨 how to achieve "white picking soybeans"

◎ Liangfa -Let soybeans and corn coexist

Xiangbang Planting Professional Cooperative, with 1200 acres of land, all adopt soybean corn band -shaped composite planting methods this year. In the interview of the reporter on June 15, more than 400 acres of sowing were completed, 4 lines of soybeans and 2 lines of corn were already. Some land had tender seedlings from the ground. It turned out that 4,600 corn was sowed per acre, and it was still 4,600. Make full use of the advantages of the sideline to ensure that corn is basically reduced. In Yang Huan's opinion, soybeans and corn have natural advantages complementary. Corn is a high -straw crop, and soybeans are short stalk crops, which can make full use of light through the space ecosystem. In addition, soybeans have root tumor, which is equivalent to a small nitrogen fertilizer factory, which can fix nitrogen for the use of corn in the next quarter. It can reduce investment of 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre.

◎ Good variety -one key to increase production and improve quality

The soybeans planted by Xiangbang Planting Professional Cooperative this year are all Qi Huang 34. "Qihuang 34 shade is suitable for composite planting, and it is not easy to explode pods. The pod is high, which is suitable for machine collection." Liu Houxin said, not only that, the variety of this variety is high, and the protein content is above 42%.

Qihuang 34 is a high -yield and high -quality soybean variety cultivated by the Institute of Crops of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2020, it set a record of 353.45 kilograms per mu. "This is the breed that we mainly promoted. The planting households are not worried about selling them. Processing companies are willing to choose this variety." Yue Peng, director of research and development of Shengfeng Seed Industry.

◎ Good "machine" -The reconciliation of demand innovation adjustment

Press the start -up key on the mobile APP. The driverlessly driving the Lavor tractor, the drag -loading gas -absorbing exemption and excessive sowing machine will set off. Wherever you pass, the 4 lines of soybeans and 2 lines of corn will be accurately broadcast at the same time. This is the new product launched by Weichai Lavo this year, which meets the requirements of a machine to plant soybeans and corn at one time.

Zhang Shuming is leading the technical team to develop the "corn -soybean sowing machine". He took out the video demonstrated by the machine in the field to the reporter. I saw the machine walking, and the water replenishing nozzle was injected into the ground first, and then the seeds were broadcast. Under the condition of drought, using this sancing machine does not require irrigation, the growers can achieve hydrating sowing. A seed is 15-23 grams of water to ensure the survival rate of the seeds. It is different from the traditional sowing method that needs to be irrigated before the traditional sowing.

◎ Promotion — Must be allowed to taste sweetness

Faced with the concerns of the masses, the agricultural and rural bureaus of various places opened the training meeting to the door of the farmer's house to answer questions and improve confidence. Li Chengqiang, who ran from morning to night in the field these days, deeply feels deeply. Planting agricultural machinery and increased subsidy; the second is to improve yield and quality through breeding research. Soy corn band -shaped composite planting must allow farmers to taste sweetness and promote a virtuous circle of planting.

■ The full text of the article

The first year of large -scale promotion of large bean corn band -shaped planting

How to achieve "picking soybeans"

□ Reporter Yu Xinyue

The wheat harvested, and the summer breed is busy. In the early morning of June 15th, Liu Houxin, the chairman of the Township Planting Professional Cooperative in Fangmi Temple, Yucheng, came to the ground to check the situation and found that yesterday's rain did not play a lot of role, "still have to make it."

This summer, there are fewer rainwater, and they have not created sufficient conditions for the sowing of soybeans and corn. Liu Houxin's cooperatives want to plant soybeans and corn this year, using band -shaped composite planting models.

The battlefield was a contradiction facing corn and soybeans. Data show that the current corn planting area in my country is about 650 million mu, and the soybean planting area is about 140 million mu. In 2021, imports of soybeans accounted for 85.5%of the country's total demand. Based on the average yield of soybeans, it was calculated by the average yield of soya. If it is to achieve the import substitution of 100 million tons of soybeans, the country will need 769 million mu of cultivated land. In order to solve the restrictions on cultivated land resources, the Central Document No. 1 was proposed in 2022 to vigorously implement the soybean and oil production capacity improvement project, and to promote corn -soybean band -shaped planting in Huanghuaihai, Northwest, and Southwest. Soy corn band -shaped composite planting has become a new feature of Shandong this summer.

Good Law -Let soybeans and corn coexist

Soy and corn sets are not new in some farmers' hearts. They recalled that many years ago, their parents planted soybeans between corn, and a line of corn and soybeans. At that time, it was mainly manual from planting to harvest.

"It used to be a set, and now it has achieved a composite planting, which is a new model that can realize mechanization." Li Chengqiang, deputy director of the Yucheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau, was placed on the word "band".

On June 11, the on -site observation meeting of soybean corn band -shaped planting in Huanghuaihai was opened in Yucheng. Earlier, Yucheng explored soybean corn band -shaped composite planting, which basically achieved "corn does not reduce production, big soybean calculations", and the agricultural and rural ministries were promoted nationwide.

The picture shows the soybean corn band -shaped composite planting test carried out in Yucheng in 2021.

There is a tradition of soybean planting in Yucheng. Beginning in 2017, Yang Wenyu, a professor of Sichuan Agricultural University who has studied soybean corn band -shaped in Sichuan and other places, led the team to cooperate with Yucheng to explore the planting model that is more suitable for Huanghuaihai Plain. Sichuan Agricultural University was studying Ph.D. Yang Huan, and came to Yucheng in 2018 to conduct experiments. "We mainly carry out different corn and soybeans for the configuration research, the screening of yin -resistant soybean materials in the strands," Yang Huan said.

Liu Houxin's Xiangbang Planting Professional Cooperative has more than 150 members and 1200 acres of land. With the consent of all members, all the soybean corn band -shaped composite planting methods this year. In the interview of the reporter on June 15, more than 400 acres of sowing were completed, 4 lines of soybeans and 2 lines of corn were already. Some land had tender seedlings from the ground. 4 -line soybeans 2 lines of corn are the planting model used in many places in our province. In May this year, in the "Technical Plan for the Management Management Plan for the Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Management Plan of the Provincial Soy Corn Ribbon in 2022", it is required to combine the actual production of production in various places, and scientifically select the appropriate planting model. , 4: 6 models have made detailed technical guidance.

Since the zone composite planting mode has reduced the area of ​​corn planting, why can the corn be reduced?

The answer is the side advantage. The advantage of the sideline is that the growth and development of crops on the side of the field performed better than the internal lines. Under the same density, the production of a single plant is much higher than that of the internal rows. Li Chengqiang introduced that for corn, the main reason for the advantages of the side is good ventilation and sufficient sunlight. After the soybean corn band -shaped composite planting, due to the short soybean plants and the height of corn plants, all corn have the advantages of edge.

"The corn plant spacing is more than 20 centimeters during flat broadcasting, and the corn plant spacing is shortened to ten centimeters during composite planting." Liu Houxin said that the original 4,600 grains of corn were sowed per acre of land, and now it is still 4,600. Make full use of the advantages of the sideline to ensure that corn is basically reduced.

In Yang Huan's opinion, soybeans and corn have natural advantages complementary. Corn is a high -straw crop, and soybeans are short stalk crops, which can make full use of light through the space ecosystem. In addition, soybeans have root tumor, which is equivalent to a small nitrogen fertilizer factory, which can fix nitrogen for the use of corn in the next quarter. It can reduce investment of 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre.

How does soybean corn band -shaped and planted?

Liu Houxin calculated this: Last year, in the 400 -acre test field of the cooperative, the yield of soybean acres reached more than 130 kilograms, and the income per mu can be increased by more than 400 yuan. Based on the output of last year, the income of 1,200 acres of land could increase by 156,000 kg. Based on 3 yuan per catty soybean, a total of 470,000 yuan was increased. The cooperative can also receive a subsidy of 300 yuan per mu, totaling 360,000 yuan.

This year, Shandong took out real gold and silver to subsidize soybean corn band -shaped cultivation. Based on national subsidies, the provincial additional subsidy was 50 yuan to reach 200 yuan per mu. Yuan, reached 300 yuan per mu.

This year is the first year of large -scale promotion of large bean corn band -shaped composite planting. How can farmers grow?

"From the beginning of spring, technical experts have begun to train us, grow a few lines, how to grow, what kind of varieties, how to fertilize and take medicine." Liu Houxin said to show the mobile phone while showing the mobile phone, "We also have the WeChat group of communication technology, The province also had a training session. We looked online. If there was doubts, you could contact experts in a phone call. "

Li Chengqiang, who was walking with the reporter, walked down to the ground and squatted, grabbed a pair of soil twisted with his fingers, and looked carefully. “还是旱，不能再等了，得抓紧造墒。”他对刘厚鑫说，“玉米和大豆播种深度得按咱定的标准，一定跟农机手讲好。”从夏收开始到现在的这些天， Li Chengqiang ran in the field. "We hire a professional and technical team in Yucheng. The 13 guidance teams are active in the fields to ensure that‘ 10,000 acres of districts have technical experts, thousands of acres of film have technical backbones, and hundred acres of fields have technical paces. ”

Soy corn band -shaped composite planting, about 110 days of growth cycle. This is not only species, but also requires guidance for a full cycle.

Yucheng implements the "Tianchang System", the city -level construction garden, the town -level construction side, and the village -level construction of the fields. Build 200 acres of demonstration fields. From sowing to emergence, from the loose soil of the flowering period to the removal of weeds in the later period of production, the full -cycle organizes expert tracking and guidance to demonstrate the field radiation of more farmers. The city of Yucheng's super -mission to implement soybean corn band -shaped composite planting area of ​​134,600 mu.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Management Office of the Planting Industry Management Office of the Shandong Province, the state arranges 1.5 million acres of soybean corn band -shaped planting tasks in Shandong Province. Shandong Province arranges 30,000 acres. In the early stage Municipal, county, to production and operation subjects. Among them, Texas and Dongying City arranged 300,000 acres of compound planting area. According to agricultural conditions, as of 5 pm on June 21, 877,000 mu of soybean corn band -shaped planting in Shandong Province, accounting for 57.3%.

Good breed -one key to increase production and improve quality

The soybeans planted by Xiangbang Planting Professional Cooperative this year are all Qi Huang 34. "Qihuang 34 shade is suitable for composite planting, and it is not easy to explode pods. The pod is high, which is suitable for machine collection." Liu Houxin said, not only that, the variety of this variety is high, and the protein content is above 42%.

The "Technical Opinions of the Soy Corn Belt Composite Planting in Huanghuaihai Area in 2022" proposed that soybeans should use yin -resistant high product species, such as Qihuang 34, Saint Bean 5, He Bean 33, etc. Moderate, suitable for high -production and mechanized harvested high -yield varieties.

Yucheng's approach is to uniformly supply the government. Li Chengqiang believes that the first large -scale promotion of large bean corn band -shaped composite planting can ensure the quality of the seeds, and it is also conducive to the reasonable layout of the variety. In the fall of 2021, Yucheng and Shandong Shengfeng Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd. signed a purchase agreement for Qihuang 34 varieties to reserve well for soybeans and corn bands. A granular bean species that Liu Houxin sowed was from Jiaxiang County, 200 kilometers away. This is an important soybean seed producing area in Shandong. Shandong Shengfeng Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd., staff observed soybean growth in the anniversary hybrid climate.

Entering the Shandong Shengfeng Seed Industry in Jiaxiang County, full of science and technology: In the germ resource library of -5 ° C, more than 20,400 soybean seeds "sleep" in the constant temperature box; In the hybrid climate room, a plant bean seedlings are lush. Scientific researchers are carefully observing the growth of soybeans ...

Qihuang 34 is a high -yield and high -quality soybean variety cultivated by the Institute of Crops of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2020, it set a record of 353.45 kilograms per mu. "This is the breed that we mainly promoted. The planting households are not worried about selling them. Processing companies are willing to choose this variety." Yue Peng, director of research and development of Shengfeng Seed Industry.

As the leading enterprise of my country's soybean seed industry, St. Feng's seed industry focuses on increasing production and aims more attention to the research and development of functional bean species such as high oil acid and high protein.

In the laboratory, Cui Luning, the head of the genetic editing and breeding department, picked up a small bean to reporters. "This is the new variety of 濉 濉 濉 8 high oxic acid bean species we plan to enter the application safety certificate application stage this year." His tone is difficult to hide and pride. The variety of soybean oil acid content has reached 80%, which is easier to save, and has a more significant effect on softening blood vessels. "

After the R & D 8, after the laboratory, the plants that meet the standards that meet the standards of high oxic acid were screened, and the field species were performed again and again. Since the establishment of items in 2019, this process has been consumed for more than three years.

"This is still the biological breeding shortened breeding time. Traditional breeding takes longer, and it takes 8-10 years." Cui Luning said that under the traditional breeding method, a good seed must be matched, field selection, yield testing, etc. At the stage, continuous planting, continuous selection, "boil" year by year. "At present, domestic soybean breeding is mainly based on traditional breeding methods, and biological breeding technology is still in its infancy."

Xu Xiaochan, a large grain household in Manchu Town, Jiaxiang County, this year, the soybeans planted by the band -shaped composite are the 33 varieties of He's bean provided by the local enterprise Chengfeng breeding industry. "I signed a contract with the enterprise, and they used their varieties. They purchased and processed again. This is not worrying about the road, and the price is high." Xu Xiaochan said.

Hu Baojun, a member of the party group of Jiaxiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, said that 180,000 acres of soybean breeding bases were built in Jiaxiang County, including a number of scientific and technological types such as Shengfeng, Xiangfeng, Huaya, and Chengfeng. Relying on these breeders, the local farmers grow soybeans in the form of orders to breed soy breeds.

Hu Baojun said that through breeding to increase soybean production, increase added value, and increase the enthusiasm of farmers' planting, this is the vitality of the soybean industry.

Liang "Machine" -The innovation adjustment of demand

Press the start -up key on the mobile APP. The driverlessly driving the Lavor tractor, the drag -loading gas -absorbing exemption and excessive sowing machine will set off. Wherever you pass, the 4 lines of soybeans and 2 lines of corn will be accurately broadcast at the same time.

The picture shows the sowing operation of the soybean corn band -shaped sowing machines produced by Weichai Regolvo.

This is the new product launched by Weichai Lavo this year. "This sowing machine is adjusted on the basis of the original product, which meets the requirements of a machine to plant soybean and corn at one time." Weichang Laorvo Agricultural Machinery Shandong Manager Wang Jiangzhi introduced.

This seeding machine can complete the process of opening ditch, side deep fertilization, stubble, sowing, soil covering, suppression, etc., can meet the needs of different seeding depth, plant spacing, soil covering strength, different fertilizer categories, differences in fertilizer, and other needs. 8-10 kilometers. "Especially the air -sucking seeding device uses negative pressure to absorb seeds. Compared with mechanical seeding machines, it can improve the accuracy of sowing." Wang Jiangzhi said.

Jiaxiang County has promoted 40,000 acres of large bean corn bands this year. In an interview with the reporter on the afternoon of June 10, Guo Tiejun, the professional cooperative of Guangming Agricultural Machinery Work Service in Liangbao Temple in Liangbao Temple in Jiaxiang County, was thinking about how to get soybean and corn with several other farmers. This is a difficult point in the composite planting.

Corn is a single leaf crops, and soybeans are twins crops, with different habits. "If the medicine for soybeans is sprinkled on the corn, the corn will be" beaten 'to death, and the same is true. "Guo Tiejun said. In order to avoid harming each other, everyone brainstormed the curtain for the self -running sprayer.

To solve this problem, agricultural machinery companies are also exploring.

In the factory area of ​​Yucheng Tianming Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., a three -meter -tall soybean corn composite self -walking sprayer is preparing to leave the warehouse. There are two pills on this sprayer, and there is a curtain cover in front. Give soybeans and corn at the same time.

"Small -scale companies like us are flexible to transform." Zhang Shuming, the person in charge of the company, said that Tianming Machinery is the only company that enters the subsidy of the national soybean corn band -shaped agricultural machinery subsidy directory for the city. The city took out 20%of the project funds for subsidies, so that a machine did not exceed 10,000 yuan. "Such small machinery can make growers willing to buy and afford it." Zhang Shuming was leading the technical team to develop the "corn -soybean water supplementary sowing machine". He took out the video demonstrated by the machine in the field to the reporter. I saw the machine walking, and the water replenishing nozzle was injected into the ground first, and then the seeds were broadcast. Under the condition of drought, using this sancing machine does not require irrigation, the growers can achieve hydrating sowing. A seed is 15-23 grams of water to ensure the survival rate of the seeds. It is different from the traditional sowing method that needs to be irrigated before the traditional sowing.

"Because the conditions for soybeans and corn planting are not exactly the same, sometimes soybeans need to wait for love, but corn cannot be mistaken for time. Such a hydration and sowing method can be more time -saving." Zhang Shuming said.

In order to adapt to the new planting model, many cooperatives purchased new machines this year. These agricultural machinery not only serves the land of the cooperative, but also provide services or leases for surrounding farmers. "There are 30%of subsidies to buy agricultural machinery, so it takes three or four years to calculate the cost," said the person in charge of a cooperative.

Promotion -Make farmers must taste sweetness

What do farmers think about soybean corn -shaped composite planting?

"It must be planted. This comprehensive benefits are good. Beans are extra, and they will definitely increase their income." Guo Tiejun said.

"I am a new type of professional farmers. I am willing to follow national policies. I am willing to do it." Xu Xiaochan said.

"From sowing, field management, to harvesting, it is troublesome and difficult. For cooperatives, it is necessary to buy a new batch of agricultural machinery. I think there is subsidy." Some farmers said so.

After sowing, there are concerns about later management and harvesting, which is a common mentality of some growers.

For example, taking medicine, even if the sprayer is added with a curtain, or with a special sprayer, you cannot completely rest assured. "When we sell this machine, we must talk to the growers repeatedly. Don't fight when we are windy." Zhang Shuming said that we can do it in an ideal state of the weather. On the plants next to each other, safety cannot be completely guaranteed.

"If it will be windy, it must be used for artificially." Liu Houxin said that if artificial medicine is used, the labor cost of about 7 yuan per acre of land is about 7 yuan.

"We have used the integrated water and fertilizer equipment in the fields, and it has a length of more than ten meters. A field cannot be used at the same time, and such equipment will not be used." In the interview, a farmer said. For the plains with high degrees of connection and land circulation, how to ensure the mechanization of planting and achieve "fast collection" and "fast broadcast" need to be further refined and improved.

Some farmers consider that some problems will face when they gain.

According to the mature order of soybeans and corn, the corn needs to be collected first and then collect soybean. After the harvester walks, it may cause a mix of soybeans and corn. In this way, the screening link will be increased, which will generate new costs.

Faced with the concerns of the masses, the agricultural and rural bureaus of various places opened the training meeting to the door of the farmer's house to answer questions and improve confidence.

Li Chengqiang, who ran from morning to night in the field these days, deeply feels deeply. Planting agricultural machinery and increased subsidy; the second is to improve yield and quality through breeding research. Soy corn band -shaped composite planting must allow farmers to taste sweetness and promote a virtuous circle of planting.

In the first year of the large -scale promotion of large bean corn band -shaped composite planting, in Yucheng and Jiaxiang, band -shaped composite planting tasks were basically borne by cooperatives and large grain farmers. "Our planting this year is very important. If we grow well, we can drive more villagers to plant this." Xu Xiaochan said, "I hope there will be a good harvest in autumn."

Reporter's note

Look at Shandong Dou species from three companies

□ Reporter Yu Xinyue

When I came to Jiaxiang County, I learned that the "Tibetan Dragon Crouching Tiger" here gathered more than 20 large -scale crop seed companies. The reporter interviewed the three companies of Shengfeng, Huaya, and Chengfeng, and learned that they all had high scientific and technological content.

The Shengfeng Seed Industry is more like a scientific research institute. From -5 ° C's germplasm resource library to the annual hybrid climate room of 25 ° C, people instantly "winter and summer". While strengthening its own scientific research, Shengfeng Seed Industry and strong university colleges have cooperated, and the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Gai Junzheng established an academician workstation here. The Shengfeng Seed Industry has been identified as the first batch of soybean "breeding and push integration" enterprises by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and has the only domestic soybean variety reviewing green channel.

In Shandong Huaya Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., a box of beans made the company's person in charge Qian Zhenya. The box is equipped with the seeds left by the selection of soybeans from the first generation of soybeans. On the other side, the staff of the staff imported from abroad will start the sowing of this year. The best varieties are always the next. The breeding process does not dare to stop year after year. The company has built a smart climate room and a germplasm resource library.

In an interview with Shandong Chengfeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd., the company's head Li Xu received several calls to ask for ordering soybean seeds.The company's He Dou 33, Jiahuang 32, etc. are suitable for composite planting, which is loved by the surrounding farmers.Right now, the company's production capacity can no longer be met and is expanding."After expanding the scale, the production and processing capacity of soybean and wheat seeds can reach 30 million kilograms per year." Li Xu said that they are about to hold a signing ceremony with Shandong Agricultural University, set up Huanghuaihai Soybean Scientific Research Center, and listed on the doctoral workstation of Shandong Agricultural University.Soy oil, tofu, soy milk, soy sauce, soybean meal ... Small beans are closely related to national livelihood.Compared with the Scientific Institute, breeding enterprises have a more keen market sense and industrialization.Shandong Province has proposed a mechanism for innovative varieties to explore the establishment of a breeding and innovation system with enterprises, market -oriented, industry -university -research collaboration, and cultivation.

It is expected that Shandong to contribute more "seed" for the soybean industry in China.

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