Giant rice: How to taste like yield

Recently, 2 meters of giant rice in Longping Rice Park in the Town of Changsha County, Hunan Province will attract attention entering the mature video. What is giant rice? What kind of relationship does giant rice and hybrid rice have? Has Academician Yuan Longping's "Hexia Dream" realized? Giant rice is delicious? The reporter interviewed Xia Xinjin, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, known as the "Father of Giant Rice".

Reporter: What is giant rice? What kind of relationship does giant rice and hybrid rice have?

Xia and New Territories: As the name suggests, giant rice is rice with large and high yield than ordinary rice. The giant rice we first studied was a conventional rice, which was selected from Youbu, not hybrid rice. On the basis of the existing excellent rice sources of rice, giant rice uses a series of biological genetic breeding technologies such as mutant screening, sparked japonica seeds, and wild rice far fate. Given material.

However, the number of conventional giant rice is very small, so we use conventional giant rice as a pro -based material and hybridize with other ordinary rice to produce many offspring before planting, solving the problem of less giant rice. The giant rice that is planted in the ground now is a giant rice after the hybrid. The giant rice that is promoted in various places today is also a new type of hybrid rice.

In fact, in 2013, the conventional giant rice was developed in my country, and it was only made after 2015. We use the rice rice 93-11, Japan, etc. to obtain mutant plants, screen the appropriate target jumparies, and govern the fascination in the field. Get the basic stable giant rice plant.

Reporter: It is said that Academician Yuan Longping's "Hexia Dream" was realized. Is this statement accurate?

Xia Xinjin: At present, my country's rice output has reached the upper limit of plant physiologists in terms of its harvest index. Due to the limitation of its own biomass, in the past 20 years, my country's rice production has increased very limited, not more than 15%. In the future, there will be a big breakthrough in rice output, and new rice with a large amount of biomass must be cultivated. Academician Yuan Longping's "Hexia Dream" is a giant rice that can grow out of the cool rice in He. By increasing the production of rice itself, it increases the rice output of its unit area.

Today, giant rice has been planted, but "Hexia Dream" has not been realized. Only when the yield of giant rice is increased to 1,200 or even 1,500 kg, can it be considered "Hexia Dream".

Why do you say that? On October 16, 2017, giant rice was successfully cultivated in Jinjing Town, Changsha County, Changsha City, Hunan. Yuan Longping said that as long as the planting technology is cleared, the yield of giant rice per mu can be up to 1,200 to 1500 kg per mu. The current giant rice plant is as high as 1.8 meters to 2.2 meters, which is about 1 meter higher than ordinary rice. The unit area of ​​the unit can reach 40 tons/hectares, which is more than 1.5 times the existing rice. If it is improved and optimized and cultivated cultivation technology, the harvest index of giant rice hybrid varieties is increased to the existing super hybrid rice level, and its theoretical single -quarter output will exceed 1,200 kg/mu.

Since 2017, the research team has found in many regions in the southern provinces and found that under the level of medium fertilizer, under the management conditions of the conventional fertilizer and water in Daitian, the single quarterly output of giant rice can reach 800 kg/mu, which is 100 kilograms higher than ordinary hybrid rice per mu per acre To 200 kilograms. Among them, the "Jufeng 5" plant of the giant rice varieties is more than 2 meters high, with an average effective division of 51, two times more than ordinary rice; the number of solid grains is as high as 680 grains, which is 2 to 3 times more than ordinary rice. The test data shows that from 2017 to 2018, under the conditions of ordinary rice fields and conventional field management in the Jintai Town Town Town Town Town Town, its single quarter production stabilized to 660 kg to 860 kg per mu, which is much higher than the average output of more than 440 kilograms across the country in the country. Local hybrid rice output with Hunan. Due to climate reasons this year, many places are relatively dry and affected by drought. The output of 200 acres of giant rice in Xichong County, Sichuan Province is only more than 650 kilograms, but it is also about 100 kilograms more than conventional hybrid rice in the same period.

Under normal circumstances, the giant rice per mu of the test field reaches more than 1,000 kilograms, but the yield promoted by Datian still needs to work hard. The height of the seedlings in the "Hexia Dream" has been realized, but the output is still a distance from the target.

Reporter: What is the prospect of giant rice development?

Xia and New Territories: The development of giant rice is very good, especially the test of breeding, which reflects the advantages of giant rice.

Giant rice can have a good shading effect. Coupled with the stout of giant rice stalks, the planting density is much smaller than other rice, which can provide good living space for underrobes. In 2017 and 2018, the research team built a 300 -acre "giant rice" ecological comprehensive breeding model test and demonstration area in Xiangfeng Village, Jinjing Town, Changsha County. Compared with the existing paddy field comprehensive breeding model, the production of rice production is at least doubled, the survival rate of frogs, loach, rice and fish and other breeding animals has also increased by more than doubled. The growth cycle is shortened by 15 to 20 days. For more than %, the output is increased by more than 1.5 times. In addition to the combination of cultivation, the amount of giant rice bioes is huge. It can produce 3 tons to 5 tons of straw per acre. After the straw is treated, it can be raised for livestock, and there are many added value.

In the planting environment, giant rice is not harsh on the growth environment. The giant rice root system is developed, with a depth of 35 cm to 60 cm, an increase of more than double the root system of ordinary rice, and the total amount of root system is 3 to 4 times that of ordinary rice. Its developed root system has reduced the loss of nutrients and can fully absorb and use the nutrients around the rice. Daeda, ditch, ponds, dry and wetland, barren new reclamation land, and saline -alkali land can all become its "foothold". For example, the giant rice planted in the Yangjiang River in Guangdong in 2020 has been repeatedly soaked in the seawater. It produces 1040 catties of rice per mu, and also produces more than 1,000 kg of Kiwei shrimp. Giant rice is high, deep, deep, and flood -resistant. In 2020, Sichuan has more than 400 acres of giant rice. It produces more than 800 kg of fish per acre and nearly 1,000 catties of rice. In May of this year, giant rice was first tried in the Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei region. It has entered the grouting period. It is expected to enter the harvest period in October. Northeast black soil has also begun to try giant rice. At present, more than 300 planting points in 22 provinces are about 20,000 acres of giant rice. Some people are worried that giant rice is so tall, and fertilizer and pesticides must be used more, which will affect the safety of food. This kind of concern is actually not necessary. Due to the tall shape of giant rice, deep roots, thick stems, thick stems, should be sparse, long -term, and deep flooding depth, it can provide a good habitat environment for frogs, fish, loach, and ducks. Combined with related technologies, it can be used to create a new model of high -efficiency ecological breeding agriculture with sustainable recycling development, and make full use of the special advantages of giant rice breeding to enhance the economic and ecological benefits of rice fields.

Although giant rice seedlings are higher than ordinary rice seedlings, the cost of planting 1 acres of giant rice is reduced by about 200 yuan than the cost of planting 1 acre of rice. This is because the giant rice is "good for feeding", and there is no trouble to remove weeds in the future. It comprehensively considers the increase in rice output and the use of straw as silage. Giant rice per mu can increase income by more than 800 yuan.

Reporter: How is the taste of giant rice?

Xia and New Territories: After testing by the Food Quality Inspection and Testing Center of the Agricultural and Rural Ministry (Wuhan), the rice quality has reached the national high -quality rice three levels, breaking through the difficulty of "high yield, high quality and poor taste" of hybrid rice. The heavy metal content is far lower than the national standard red line.

Source: Economic Daily

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