Build a free trade zone and free trade port -create a new highland for reform and opening up in the new era
Author:Guangming Daily Time:2022.06.22
[Endeming the new journey to build a new era · great change]
Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Yi
From scratch, from small to more, dare to innovate first, bold innovation ... Since 2013, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have deployed and established 21 free trade pilot zones, forming a pattern of reform and opening up in the east, west, south, and south.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that building a free trade pilot zone is a strategic measure for the Party Central Committee to promote reform and opening up in the new era, and it is a milestone in the process of reform and opening up in my country. The twentieth meeting of the Central Reform Commission pointed out that it is necessary to further promote the opening of high -level institutional openings, give the free trade pilot zone greater reform and autonomy, strengthen the integration of reform and innovation systems, make overall openness and security, timely summarize experience and copy and promote Establish a free trade park with international influence and competitiveness, and give full play to the demonstration and leading role of reform and opening up.
The Pilot Free Trade Zone has carried out a total of more than 3,400 reform pilots, promoted a large number of important basic reforms and high -level open measures, and created a vivid model of open -promoting reforms and promoting development with reforms. It laid a good foundation for the construction of a new open economy system.
highlight the role of the reform and opening up test field
On September 29, 2013, the "China (Shanghai) Free Trade Pilot Zone" was established in Shanghai Pudong Waigaoqiao. Accompanied by this, China's first foreign investment in the negative list of foreign investment landed, and the "seeds", which comprehensively deepened reforms, sowed under the fertile soil of the national test field and took root in germination and growth.
It is a "breeding nursery" instead of "planting bonsai", which is a depression of the highlands of institutional innovation rather than preferential policies ... The free trade pilot zone has adhered to the system innovation as the core since its birth, and the basic requirements can be replicated. Essence In the "deep water zone" of reform and opening up, it actively explores innovation, courageous to overcome difficulties, and has made significant progress in many aspects.
"The open construction of my country's Free Trade Zone and Free Trade Port has created a new situation, and has changed from a blueprint to a real scene." Wang Shouwen, deputy minister of the Ministry of Commerce and deputy representative of international trade negotiations, said that a total of 21 free trade pilot zones have been established in my country. The innovation results of 278 systems were replicated nationwide.
With less than four thousandths of the country's land area, contributing imports and exports accounted for 17.3%of the country, absorbing foreign capital accounting for 18.5%of the country ... 21 free trade pilot zones cover multiple provinces and regions and municipalities. The formation of comprehensive reform. The promotion of a large number of institutional innovation achievements to the country has played a test field role in comprehensive deepening reform.
After many expansion of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, a new pattern of comprehensive and high -level opening of the east, China and Western coordination, and land and sea coordinates. Relying on institutional innovation to stimulate the vitality of the market, the free trade pilot zone is accelerating the formation of more replicable and promoted institutional innovation results.
In the past ten years, my country's open cause has achieved historic achievements, and institutional openness has also accelerated. In 2013, China launched the first negative list of foreign investment access access to the Pilot Zone of the Pilot Zone. After 7 times of pressure, the entry was reduced from the initial 190 item to 27 editions in 2021. The compression ratio exceeded 85%. The open field involved the first first , Two and Third, the various industries, the manufacturing industry is clear, the service industry continues to expand and open, and the market access is relaxed in an all -round way, which has driven the country to continuously increase the opening of the country. A short -term list witnessed the bigger and open door of China.
The "good species of the system" took root in the country, which further improved the level of openness, administrative efficiency, development momentum and economic vitality of various places. Beginning in 2016, the negative list of the Free Trade Zone was promoted to the whole country, and the management model of the negative list of foreign investment access was implemented. The restrictions also reduced the measures from the initial 93 items to the current 31 items. In 2020, the new foreign investment law was officially implemented, opening a new foreign investment management system.
On January 1, 2022, the "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement" (RCEP) officially took effect and took the lead in implementing it in China, Japan, New Zealand, Australia and 6 Eastern countries. The "Super Free Trade Zone" with the largest population, the largest economic and trade scale, and the most developed potential is officially launched. "This shows that China has taken a new step towards the goal of high -standard free trade agreements." Wang Shouwen said.
The construction of free trade ports boosted smoothly
The operation of the whole island has entered the "countdown"! The "General Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port" clearly states that Hainan Free Trade Port launched the operation before 2025. At present, Hainan has taken the operation of the entire island as the "No. 1 project" for the construction of a free trade port to fully start related preparations.
"China will solidly promote the construction of the Free Trade Pilot Zone and Hainan Free Trade Port, connect with international high -standard economic and trade rules, and promote institutional openness." President Xi Jinping emphasized in the keynote speech of the Boao Asia Forum 2022.
In 2018, the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port was launched, and more than 120 institutional innovation results have been launched so far. In June 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "General Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port." In 2021, Hainan launched the first negative list of cross -border service trade.
The construction of Hainan Free Trade Port was successfully started and vigorously developed, and the export -oriented economy of Hainan Free Trade Port has accelerated. In 2021, Hainan's newly established foreign -invested enterprises increased by 92.64%year -on -year. The actual use of foreign investment has maintained a steady and rapid growth on the basis of the three consecutive years. The sales of outlying island duty -free shops increased rapidly, exceeding 60 billion yuan. At present, Lingshui Li'an International Education Innovation Pilot Zone signed a contract to introduce 43 well -known universities at home and abroad, and the first batch of students was studying; the first blend of more than 200 types of franchise and device varieties of Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Zone, becoming an international advanced medicine weapon to enter the country The main channel; Hainan Standard Technology Co., Ltd., located in Yangpu Bonded Port Area, is officially opened and put into production. Relying on processing Value -added goods domestic sales tariff -exemption policies, the project will produce high -performance new materials for aircraft, high -speed rail, automobiles and other products. Hainan Free Trade Port created an international investment "single window" to integrate 179 investment services in 13 departments to one window, reducing the approval time limit and aspects of nearly 70%. From the perspective of data, from January to April 2022, the overall customs clearance time of the Hainan port and exports was 38.24 hours and 1.08 hours, respectively, which were better than the national average of 43.54 hours and 1.45 hours, respectively.
2022 is the key year of the construction of Hainan's free trade port and the operation preparation of the operation operation. Li Kuiwen, the director of the Ministry of Customs Affairs and Director of Statistics, said that promoting the pilot of the "first -line liberalization, second -line control" policy measures for the Hainan Free Trade Port, and actively promoted the preparation of Hainan Free Trade Port's island.
"In the first four months of this year, Hainan's foreign trade growth continued to lead the country. In April, it hit a new high, showing a good momentum of rapid development." Haikou Customs Guan Shi Zongwei pointed out that the business environment is important factor. The "General Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port" proposes that by 2025, the business environment will reach a first -class level in China; by 2035, the business environment will be more optimized. Customs will actively take measures to continuously optimize regulatory services, improve the efficiency of customs clearance, promote the continuous improvement of Hainan's level of convenience of cross -border trade, and help optimize the business environment of the port. Focus on the integration and innovation of the four major leading industries of Hainan Free Trade Port, and "promote development" for the construction of free trade ports.
Exploring the road for high -quality development
A few days ago, 40 medical cold chain transport vehicles were connected to a long dragon. Through automatic check -up, it quickly passed the main gate of the customs in the Tianzhu Comprehensive Insurance Area.
Since the establishment of the China (Beijing) Free Trade Pilot Zone, Beijing Customs has helped the Beijing "Five Son" linkage through institutional innovation, giving full play to the advantages of the comprehensive insurance area policy, and building the Tianzhu Comprehensive Insurance Zone into the "vanguard" and "sample room room rooms in the Beijing Free Trade Zone. "". Through a variety of innovative regulatory models, the country ’s first cross -border e -commerce retail import pharmaceutical product pilot format is cultivated, attracting head e -commerce companies such as Ali and JD.com. At present, the effect of the pharmaceutical industry cluster is gradually forming in the Tianzhu Comprehensive Insurance Zone, and it has continuously promoted the development of the medical and health industry chain in depth.
The practice of the free trade zone proves that the obstacles of the breakthrough system and mechanism are conducive to promoting the development of characteristic and advantageous industries and the gathering of related market entities, enhance the internationalization level of the industrial chain supply chain, firmly grasp the connotation and requirements of high -quality development, and break the obstacles to obstacles obstacles The obstacles of institutional mechanisms gathered by various innovative resources and key elements in China have continued to cultivate and expand the development of industrial clusters to promote the development of industrial clusters.
The integrated circuit of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, the oil and gas industry of the Zhejiang Free Trade Zone, the high -end equipment manufacturing of the Jiangsu Free Trade Zone, the new generation information technology of the Hubei Free Trade Zone, the advanced manufacturing industry of the Hunan Free Trade Zone, Anhui New energy vehicles in the Free Trade Zone and Modern Agriculture in the Shaanxi Pilot Zone ... A group of industrial clusters with strong competitiveness are rising in various free trade pilot zones.
In the first quarter of 2022, the high -tech industry of the Free Trade Zone actually used foreign capital of 19.23 billion yuan, an increase of 61.2%year -on -year, of which the high -tech service industry increased by 77%year -on -year.
The Dongjiang area of Tianjin Pilot Zone has vigorously developed the financial leasing industry, becoming the world's second largest aircraft leasing gathering place. The global transfer of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone has exceeded 100 billion yuan. The Xiamen area of the Fujian Free Trade Zone has vigorously developed the aviation maintenance industry. In recent years, the average annual output value exceeds 10 billion yuan. The Henan Free Trade Zone promoted the development of the cross -border e -commerce industry with regulatory innovation. The Liaoning Pilot Free Trade Zone explored a new model of the development of state -owned enterprises. The Shandong Free Trade Zone is focusing on creating an international economic and trade service industry chain. Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Yunnan and other free trade pilot zones focus on the development of cross -border trade cooperation models such as cross -border trade, cross -border logistics, and cross -border finance.
The continuous expansion of openness and institutional innovation in the free trade zone has further stimulated market vitality and enhanced high -quality development momentum. Financial openness and innovation and effective service of the real economy has been promoted to the country to the country's willingness to settle foreign exchange capital, cross -border two -way RMB capital pool business, etc. to the country to promote corporate financing more convenient, wider channels, lower costs, and strongly support the real economy development. Essence In -depth promotion of government functions, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have accumulated more than 5,000 provincial management authority under the Pilot Free Trade Zone, promote the reform of commercial system reforms such as "multiple certificates", reduce approval matters, and greatly reduce the cost of production and operation of enterprises.
【Edit: Tang Weini】
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