Li Xiaojiang: Lin Air Economic Zone is the starting point for the state to deal with global competition

Large international airport in Beijing or Shanghai

You should go to the important position of the international aviation hub

Build it into an international aviation city into an international aviation city

This is both an opportunity for economic growth

It is also an opportunity for the country to improve its international status

Daxing International Airport was highly hoped at the beginning of its investment. It was "a new source of power to develop the country". Functional bearing zones, national aviation science and technology innovation leadership zones, Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei coordinated development demonstration zones, and open industrial foreign trade bases for the world.

Li Xiaojiang, the former dean of the China Urban Planning and Design Institute, has always led the team to participate in the planning and research of the Linkong District. It is also one of the consultants and major project chiefs of the expert consulting committee of the Linkong District.

"From the perspective of national interests, large international airports in Beijing or Shanghai should strive for an important position of international aviation hubs and build its air -to -air area into an international aviation city. This is not only an opportunity for economic growth, but also the country's international status. Opportunity. "Li Xiaojiang said. With the increasing international, regional and urban functions carried by the Air Economic Zone, how does the domestic air economic zone represented by Daxing International Airport's Linkong Economic Zone developed advanced? "China News Weekly" interviewed Li Xiaojiang, the former president of the Traditional Council, the master of the national engineering survey and design, and the expert of the Central Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei Coordinated Development Expert Committee.

Illustration/Wang Bai

It is particularly important to do research and planning to do a good job of research and planning

China News Weekly: Hundreds of Air Economic Zone and 17 national -level air economic demonstration zones have been built nationwide. What is the significance of the Linkong Economic Zone for cities or regional development?

Li Xiaojiang: The current downward pressure on the economy has increased, emphasizing steady growth, and all places spare no effort to find new sources of economic power. The transportation hub has been attracted to the "new engine of economic development" because it has gathered a large number of passenger and freight flow. The air economy is an economic form that expects to rely on the advantages of passenger flow, logistics and information flow of aviation hubs. China now has two "heat", one is the new city of high -speed rail, and the other is the new aviation city heat. However, there are more than a thousand high -speed rail stations in the country, and there are less than ten successful cases of "station city integration". Planning is particularly important.

Professor John Casada, a professor at the University of North Carolina, has predicted that the airport has become an important node for global production and business activities, and will promote the emergence of a new urban form of such as aviation metropolitan. Among the domestic air areas, the surrounding area of ​​Shanghai Hongqiao Airport has developed a large scale, which is still the result of the advantages of the two major hubs of railway stations and airports. The Hongqiao area has been in operation for nearly 20 years, and the truly effective and popular development scale has not exceeded 2 square kilometers. I asked many Shanghai people to go to Hongqiao. Why do Shanghai people say that I run? Beijing Capital International Airport is already the largest and second largest airport in Asia, but how many aviation related business, production functions or crowds are there any surroundings?

The prerequisites for the development of a dynamic and large -scale industrial agglomeration around the airport have very demanding. The development opportunity of the "integration of production and cities" in the Air Economic Zone depends on whether there are a large number of aviation passengers in the airport or the air -to -air zone, and whether there are a lot of hopes to choose the company in the air in the air in the air. As far as passengers are concerned, there must be people who are extremely sensitive to time in the aviation population. This is a group of people with high frequency demand and high time value for short -to -medium and short -distance routes. After taking a flight back, you don't have to waste time to go to the urban area. Therefore, business people and Shuangcheng people are the most important target customer groups in the development of the air areas. Once such a population forms a scale, the development opportunities of the Airport New City will come.

China News Weekly: What prerequisites do they need to develop in the airport development of the airport?

Li Xiaojiang: By studying the planning of a large number of airport areas, we found that the air passenger flow structure determines the development needs of the Linkong Economic Zone. Air cargo flow also has a profound impact on the industrial layout, but in the past, the abdomen of the aircraft cargo was high, and the gathering of freight -related functions also relied on passenger routes. Therefore, the competent authorities must not only play subjective initiative, seize opportunities, and create conditions, but also fully understand the inherent development laws of the air economic economy, analyze the composition of aviation passenger and cargo flow and the actual market needs of the market to determine whether to build a air area, and as well as the air zone, and as well as the air zone, and as well as the air zone, and as well as the air zone, and as well as the air areas, and the air zone, as well as the air zone, and the air zone, as well as the air zone, and the air zone, as well as the air zone, and the air zone, as well as the air areas, and the air zone, it is necessary to build the air zone, and What kind of air areas are built. From the perspective of the development needs of the Air China Economic Zone, the first is to "aviation", whether there is sufficient development space for aviation business and its related services; Go to the next destination to provide efficient and convenient services, or the conditions for manufacturing travel destinations in the air areas; the third is for "goods". Reserve conditions for production.

For example, Shanghai Hongqiao has now become the most efficient "Hong Kong City Integration" case in China. Hongqiao Airport was originally dominated by domestic routes and developed with the international hub of Shanghai Pudong Airport. However, one or two years after the expansion of Hongqiao's expansion, Japan's two airlines and the two major airlines of Japan and the RMB of JAID proposed to restore the routes of direct flying Hongqiao Airport to facilitate the travel needs of regular passengers. Many Japanese executives work in Shanghai. It takes only 3 hours to fly in the air, but it takes an hour or two to enter the city from Pudong Airport. The business crowd hopes that the airport is getting closer to the company or the place of residence. Hongqiao Airport quickly resumed 5 routes including Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and retained to this day. In recent years, many companies and local governments in the Yangtze River Delta region settled the regional headquarters or reception centers. It also considers the time cost of the convenience and saving connection of air -rail transportation. As a result, a certain scale of the headquarters cluster effect is formed around the airport, which drives it, which drives, driving it, which drives it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving it, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, driving, it is driven. The development of Linkong District. On the other hand, the prerequisites for the development of the air areas. First of all, the airport must have a wealth of routes to bring sufficient passenger and freight traffic; second, there are high proportion of local traffic in the passenger and freight flow. Frequency and high -time value customer base; third, the area of ​​the place must have sufficient infrastructure, industrial and service support, or the potential of industrial development, and can generate the actual needs of relying on aviation convenience conditions in order to retain the airport in the future to bring the airport brings to the airport in the future. The traffic and transformed into a new development momentum.

China News Weekly: How to understand that Daxing International Airport is a new power source for the country's development.

Li Xiaojiang: The role of aviation transportation in the global economy is constantly prominent. The "2021-2040 Global Aviation Industry Market Forecast Report" released by Airbus (Airbus) shows that aviation transportation has created an additional value of $ 3 trillion in supply chain, achieving 35 35 % Of the total global trade, accounting for about 4 % of global GDP. The global economic focus has been changing from the United States and Europe to Asia. The increase in the global aviation market in the next 20 years comes from the Asia -Pacific region. The Asia -Pacific aviation weight will increase from 35 % in 2019 to 2035 44 %.

If the impact of the epidemic is not considered, China has good airport conditions, a large number of international customers, and huge market potential. Beijing has two major international airports in North and South, which should play an important role in the global aviation network. However, a large number of aviation passengers from domestic to Europe and the United States still have to transfer to the UAE, Singapore, South Korea, Japan and other places, indicating that the international routes of domestic airports are still not developed enough. Facing the fierce competition in the Asia -Pacific region, there are many large airports in Beijing. gap. Regardless of the professional perspective of aviation transportation or national interests, it should be an important position to compete for international aviation hubs. This is both an opportunity for economic growth and an opportunity for the country to improve its international status.

At the development level of the capital, the "Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016-2035)" clarifies the strategic positioning of Beijing's "political center, cultural center, international communication center, and science and technology innovation center". The holding of exchanges and the introduction of innovative talents requires strong aviation transportation support and efficient aviation portals. The significance of international aviation hubs to the capital of the country is self -evident.

Again, starting from the level of urban and regional development, the establishment of the Air Economic Zone, with the help of the portal of the airport and the advantages of the hub, to gather industries, thereby driving economic development. Once the Linkong District is completed, it can be continuously attracted by the flow of passenger and cargo, and can also inject vitality into the efficient operation of the airport.

In addition to the development of the economy, the role of the use of aviation hubs should not be ignored, and international aviation hubs should become an important base for public goods to provide public goods. For example, the world's largest humanitarian center is established near the new Dubai Airport, with 84,000 cubic meters of rescue warehousing space, which can achieve rescue supplies from the sea to the air within 10 minutes, and cover the world in 4 to 8 hours. Two people. In addition, the gathering of international emergency rescue and disaster disposal functions is also a unique advantage of other economic development zones compared to other economic development zones, providing services to the world through aviation transportation.

Daxing International Airport is partial.

In the air areas, we must pay more attention to the needs of "people"

China News Weekly: The development vitality of the Linkong Economic Zone originated from the industry. How can we plan the industrial layout of the Lingwan Zone more scientifically in a limited space?

Li Xiaojiang: The airport is a multi -functional collection, which covers the three basic functions of aviation, freight, and serving passengers. This is actually the three basic logic lines for the development of the air industry. It is reflected in the type of industrial types, it is a direct -related industry that is directly related to airport operations such as aircraft maintenance and aviation meals. Industry, as well as regional, international entertainment activities and emerging service consumption. According to the different conditions and positioning of the airport, the research, comparison and arrangement of industrial functions are prioritized, and the basic layout of the air -to -air industry has been formed.

For example, the characteristic of Xiamen Airlines is aviation maintenance, which is actually bonded services. This special advantage is very important for international airports and can bring corresponding productive activities and gathering of service industry groups. The Meilan Airport in Haikou has 20 million passenger passenger volume each year. It is the only Skytrax five -star airport in China outside the Hong Kong International Airport. , Emerging industries such as business exchange and tax -free shopping, the balanced development of the three aspects of goods, people, and aviation. Memphis, cities in the southeast of the United States, relying on the advantages of its world's largest professional freight hub airport, forming the world's largest corneal bank and the largest medical device manufacturing center in the United States. The essence of medical services is running with time, and aviation can more efficiently integrate the needs of the development of the life and health industry. Beijing Daxing International Airport Linkong Economic Zone also follows this logic with life and health.

In addition, the industrial layout is more important to do a good job of near, medium and long -term planning, focus on key projects, and build in installments. Do not use limited space resources too anxiously and inefficiently. Taking the industrial planning of the Daxing International Airport Linking District as an example, the recent development of the convention and exhibition consumer area, cross -border three medical entrepreneurial parks, and integrated bonded zones can be enhanced to enhance the vitality and attractiveness of the area; deepen international exchanges in the midterm and strengthen the support of the opening of the service industry; The long -term strategy is blank to cope with the uncertainty of future development.

China News Weekly: From the beginning of closely surrounding the aviation transportation industry to the current integration of innovative elements, what kind of upgrades and changes have gone through the industry in the air zone, and how will the future development trend?

Li Xiaojiang: The changes in the external form of the industry are more of the result of the industry's own upgrading iteration. The inherent rules of the industrial layout of the Linkong District have basically maintained the same. High industries will naturally gather near the airport.

In 1995, I inspected in the United States. When I visited the Cambridge System Research Institute, a report was obtained. The report analyzed the industrial gathering characteristics of important airports in Europe, North America and Japan, and established a model for economic impact forecasting and land development planning models. In the report at the time, according to the attraction of the airport area, aviation equipment, transportation services, optical instruments, electronics, public warehousing, drug products wholesale and other high concentrated industries were formed. industry. The more relying on the global supply chain industry, the more profitable from the airport layout. Today, as the products are becoming more and more cutting -edge, technology is constantly upgrading. Chip production, pharmaceutical research and development, precision instrument manufacturing, luxury wholesale and other industrial forms are more inclined to be near the site.

In addition, the high -end consumption near the airport has gradually upgraded from traditional tangible consumption to experience consumption and service -oriented consumption, such as theme parks for global tourists, large conventions and exhibition centers, etc., which covers a large area and is more inclined to lay out around the airport. Disneyland landed near Shanghai Pudong Airport. Many people went to Shanghai to go to Disney. It took only half an hour to one -way from the airport to Disneyland.

China News Weekly: You mentioned earlier that there are less than ten "stations integration" among more than 1,000 high -speed rail stations across the country. So how can the Linkong Economic Zone better realize the integration of production and cities?

Li Xiaojiang: The research and planning of the integration of the city to change from the perspective of facilities and space to the perspective of people. Pay attention to changes in the activities and needs of the station crowd. New concepts, value-oriented and design strategies are required to realize the regional-railway-city-people’s people’s Win -win. The integration of the port city in Linkong District is also the same. It is necessary to pay attention to the needs of people, and consider what industrial layout is more effective in the airport, and which practitioners are willing to move home and office places near the airport. Therefore, the total number of passenger and freight flow brought by the transportation hub is not too worthy, and those target groups that can bring practical benefits, or in accordance with the laws of development, and new demand in the future are valuable. Big, the higher the degree of integration of Hong Kong City.

For example, the professionals of the Shanghai Branch of the Traditional Council for the planning market for the region and the country. The business backbone takes hundreds of planes and high -speed rail every year before the epidemic. The real travel demand promotes the location near the Hongqiao hub. Employees who are unwilling to commute for a long -distance commuting buy or rent a house near Hongqiao. They consume in nearby, and the industrial, residential, service and air -rail transportation functions are naturally integrated together.

In terms of resource allocation, we should also consider the needs of "people" more. For example, near Los Angeles Airport, commercial service facilities such as hotels, car rental services, conference centers, and consumer centers are close to the terminals of the terminal, which greatly improves the efficiency and experience of work.

The space in Linkong District is limited, and it is not suitable for all industrial types. It can extend the role and advantage of the airport through developed road networks. The rise of Wangjing is the best example. In 1993, the Capital Airport was opened to traffic, and then the regional public transportation developed, allowing the Wangjing area, which was originally in the Urban -Rural Joint Department, slowly developed into a "national business district". In 2008, the opening of the T3 terminal as the construction of supporting facilities in the Beijing Olympic Games has also led to the explosive growth of business functions from Beijing CBD to the middle station of the Mid -Station of the Capital Airport.

Where is China's aviation metropolis?

China News Weekly: Throughout the global aviation city, each aviation city has its own unique development experience. Combined with the development status and challenges facing the airport airport economic zone in various countries, what will it be most likely to develop into a world -class aviation city in the future? Li Xiaojiang: The most potential in China is Beijing Daxing International Airport and Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The industries of the cities and regions where the two airports are located can support the development of its air economy. In addition, compared with the two other airports in the same city (Beijing Capital Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao Airport), Daxing Airport or Pudong Airport is larger. The airspace conditions are better and the development prospects are wider.

At present, there are only three cities in Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu that are "two cities and two", and both airports are located in the suburbs and suburbs. Due to the different distance of the city center, there are also differences in passenger flow composition. The suburban airport is often closer to urban economic centers and service centers, and more business travel has been undertaken, such as Beijing Capital Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. Yuanjiao Airport undertakes more long -distance travel passengers, and international routes account for high proportion. Shanghai Pudong Airport is positioned as an international composite portal hub, and its international and regional routes account for the highest proportion of routes in China, exceeding 42 %. Beijing Daxing International Airport is positioned as a large international aviation hub, a new power source for the country, and the Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei regional comprehensive transportation hub that supports the construction of the Xiong'an New District. Its passenger flow is full -spectrum.

Daxing International Airport planned 7 runways, two navigation stations, and 1 satellite hall. It was originally planned to achieve the goal of 72 million passenger throughput in 2025. How the Daxing Airport and the Capital Airport are reasonably divided, coordinated, and jointly built the "dual hub" airport pattern with international first -class competitiveness. Essence

In September 2019, Daxing Airport was navigable, and the subsequent new crown epidemic disrupted the development rhythm of the airport and the Linkong Economic Zone. In the future, with the gradual recovery of airport routes, it is necessary to continue to increase its efforts to introduce international routes. While waiting for the passenger flow, the airport is also constantly improving infrastructure. At the beginning of September this year, the results of the global creative collection activities of the Daxing International Convention and Exhibition Consumer Function Zone were released. The completion of the two major projects of the international consumer hub and the International Convention and Exhibition Center will help the gathering of industrial and service functions and further internationalization.

China News Weekly: In order to enter the international aviation city, in what are the domestic airport air areas to continue to strengthen research planning or construction?

Li Xiaojiang: When it comes to the industry -recognized mature aviation city, it will definitely mention the aviation city of the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, and the UAE. These countries are basically in the middle of intercontinental aviation transportation, and their airports are mostly important transit hubs in the international aviation network. The "small country", which was originally on the edge of the global economic chain, just seized the development opportunities brought by the transit hub, actively opened up the navigation rights, and formed a very vibrant industrial cluster, thereby driving the economic development of the region and the country. It can be summarized as a "small country to do major events" model, with a significant feature of international passenger volume and international transition rate.

The large country is vast, and the space distribution of population and economy is different. Large airports are often not only transit stations, but also destinations and terminals. The international transit rate generally does not exceed 20 %. Therefore, the development of the Daxing Airport Linking District should also learn from the development experience of the airport airport in the airport, such as Los Angeles Airlines, New York Kennedy Airport Linking District, Chicago Aohil Airport, etc. It is also an important starting point for the country to participate in global competition.

Los Angeles Airport in the United States has 4 runways. It is the fourth and second busy airport in the world in the world. It has created a small aviation town around the aviation city on the south side. Focusing on the research and development of cutting -edge aircraft attracted civilian aerospace companies such as SpaceX, Relativity Space and its service providers. The north side is a silicon beach, known as the third largest innovative area in the United States. It has brought together a large number of high -tech manufacturing companies and unicorn companies around the cutting -edge technology such as artificial intelligence, mobile communications, and driverless. The convenience of promoting innovative industries to the convenience of the air is the reason for the rise of silicon beaches.

Beijing's "dual hub" differentiated development, Daxing Airport is more advantageous in intercontinental portals, international transfer, non -high frequency domestic passengers, etc., but there are still insufficient international business and domestic business dimensions. Conditions and other aspects have their own advantages with Capital Airport. In the future, the construction of Daxing Airport can pay more attention to improving international competitiveness such as intercontinental routes and international transites, thereby creating an intercontinental portal aviation hub that radiates the world.

Send 2022.9.26 Total Issue 1062 "China News Weekly" magazine

Magazine Title: Li Xiaojiang: The Linkong Economic Zone is the starting point for the state to deal with global competition

Reporter: Li Mingzi ([email protected])

Edit: Min Jie

Operation editor: Wang Lin

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