The world is in depth, the last one is beyond imagination!

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With the rapid development of socio -economic development, the demand for major energy such as oil has increased year by year, global energy is short -year, and the mining of oil and gas fields has gradually developed to deeply develop, prompting the drilling technology of deep and ultra -deep wells to continue to develop. Generally speaking, 4500M to 6000M well depth is deep well, 6000-9000m is ultra-deep well, and more than 9000m is a special well. From 4500M deep wells to 6000M ultra -deep well drilling practice, humans have experienced about 11 years (from 1938 to 1949), from 6000M ultra -deep well to 9000m deep well well practice. From 9000m deep wells to 12000M special super deep wells, human practice has gone through about 12 years (from 1972 to 1983).

After a long years, there are currently more than 80 countries in the world's deep wells and ultra -deep wells. Among them, the level of ultra -deep well drilling technology equipment and comprehensive technology in the United States, former Soviet Union, and Germany is internationally leading. Human beings can now leave the earth, establish space stations, set foot on the moon, explore hundreds of thousands of kilometers away, and which step of the downward exploration? Let's take a look at these ultra -deep wells that constantly "break through the limit"!

Underground 3-20km Simple Schematic diagram

Well 7002: China's first ultra -deep well -6011m

The song "I donate oil for the motherland" sounded north and south. In the lyrics, "Jialing River welcomes Chaoyang" and "not afraid of the sky, not afraid of the ground", reflecting the hot scene of the Sichuan Petroleum Conference. China's first ultra -deep well -7002 wells successfully drilled in Wanzhan Town, Wusheng County. The 7002 well is also called the female base well. It is an important reference well for studying strata, earthquakes, and oil and gas resources. It is a milestone in the history of my country's petroleum drilling. It drilled in 1971 and stopped drilling in 1976. It was 6011 meters deep. The 7002 well diamond exploration successfully created the "three firsts" in China at that time -the first ultra -deep well; The well of the well. The deep well planned to be hit for 7002 meters and named it. Because it was below 6011 meters, it was a magma rock and did not store oil, so it was decided not to explore anymore. Although no longer produce oil, through the depth of 6011 meters, people have learned that there are rich resources such as salt, black halogen, and yellow halogen under the Sichuan basin. Bit 500 meters to 1,000 meters. The 7002 well is a testimony of the special historical era. It is the direct product of the slogan of "Super British, Has the United States, and Chase the Soviet Union". Today's 7002 well is still standing in Qixing Village, showing the glorious and extraordinary history to the world. Essence Petroleum workers who participated in the 7002 well diamonds conference battle battle

China's first super 7000 meter ultra -deep well "competes for qi" -7175M

New China's first super 7000 meters ultra -deep well -Guan Ji is located in Pond Village, Guanyi Town, Zitong County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. It drilled 7175 meters in three years, making my country enter the advanced ranks of the world's deep well drilling at that time. In the 1970s, only the United States and the Soviet Union that could drill more than 7,000 meters in the world. Drilling deep wells requires a number of technological support, which reflects the depth of the country. For every meter, it is a new challenge in the field of deep oil and gas exploration and development!

There is no doubt that this is a scientific research well, while drilling while drilling. It is also a "fighting well", fighting for the Chinese workers' class, and fighting for the Chinese people. This deep well was drilled by the 7001 drilling team in the northwestern mining area of ​​Sichuan at that time. Drilling was opened on December 17, 1974, and the drill was completed on December 4, 1977. The drilling team has defeated a series of technical difficulties such as high temperature, high pressure, saline layer, gypsum layer, gypsum, and collapsed. Obtaining the complete and reliable geological section of the Two-Stack Series in the northwest of Sichuan, 7 records were carried out, 33 materials, 334,514 data were obtained, and 32 oils, gas, water display and gas testing abnormal sections were found. Petroleum exploration in northwestern Sichuan has opened a new situation, providing "first-hand" information for studying the oil geological situation of the transitional belt in northwest of Sichuan-Central Sichuan.

China's first super 7000 meter super deep well -Guan Jijing

China Rotation 1 well -8882M

The deepest well in my country is the rotation 1 well located in the Tarim Basin, and the well depth of 8882 meters, refreshing the first depth of the Asian land (drilling on June 28, 2018), realizing the dream of drilling "underground Everest" dream It also marked a major breakthrough in the ultra -deep exploration of the Tarim Basin, and made important contributions to high -efficiency exploration and development of my country's ultra -deep oil and gas and ensuring national energy security. The Tarim Basin is considered one of the most difficult areas of the world's oil and gas exploration. At present, 30 million tons of large oil gas fields and 30 billion square meters of atmospheric areas have been built in the western border of my country. In the past 4 years, the net increase of oil and gas production was 6.44 million tons, which is equivalent to adding a million -ton large and medium -sized oil and gas fields each year. A total of over 300 billion cubic meters of gas supply to the east of the west, equivalent to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 500 million tons. The Tarim Oilfield continues to challenge the depth limit. On May 19, 2022, the Tarim Oilfield with a depth of 9,186 meters was designed with a flute with a flute with a full depth of well. The drilling depth will exceed the rotation 1 well. The depth of 10 well is located in Shaya County, Xinjiang, northern Tarim Basin. The geological structure here is extremely complicated, and it is a world -class "restricted area". The drilling purpose of this well is to further explore the development of the Ao Tao reservoir, which is full of oilfields, oil -containing and fluid properties to achieve the exploration discovery of the broken belt.

Start to the earth

PetroChina workers are in homework

German KTB deep well -9100M

Mainland ultra -deep diamonds were the most representative project in the field of the ground during the Cold War. Germany is the second country that designs and implements scientific research after the Soviet Union after the Soviet Union. After the "Federal Deep Diamond Plan" research report was published in 1981, in 1986, the ultra-deep drilling position was selected in the Shangputz region (German: PFALZ) in northeast Bavaria, and in 1987-1989 A 4km deep test well was played at 200M from the main hole. In 1990, the German Deep Drilling Plan (KTB) was launched in Bavilia. The main research hole officially opened. It ended in November 1994. The final hole is 9.1km. It is the world's first automatic vertical drilling system. (VDS) well, and established the world's most advanced long -term observation system.

Baden-1 in the United States-9159m

Since the 1970s, the United States has drilled more than 4,500m deep wells every year. With the continuous development of drilling technology, drilling speed has also accelerated. According to statistics from the 1049 wells in the United States and Canada, the average drilling time in the United States is 75 to 200 days, and Canada is 190 days. In the field of ultra-deep well drilling technology, the United States is still at the leading level of the world. As early as 1972, the United States completed the world's first super deep well Baden-1 well, with a well depth of 9159 meters. Koala Super deep well -12262m

A crumbling building, a heavy rusty manhole cover, a fastener bolt, in the Kola Peninsula in Russia, is in the wasteland near the Norwegian border, as if sealing something unknown secret.

Kola super deep drilling position

That's right, it shocked Koala's deep drilling in the last century. It was a scientific drilling project established by the Soviet Union on the Kola Peninsula. Drilling the 100th anniversary of Lenin's birthday in 1970. Like the moon landing mission, the technology required for super deep drilling must be explored from scratch. From this great country, a competition of earth drilling was also quietly launched. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union had formulated an ambitious drilling plan to try to pass through the crust and approach the center of the earth.

Workers are working next to the rig

On the Koala Peninsula deep in the Arctic Circle, the prelude to the drilling work was opened. The first stage of drilling, designing drilling 5000 meters, actually reached 7263 meters. This also made it the deepest record of the device, and also made Cera's deep drilling the deepest drilling in Europe at that time. In the second stage of drilling, Koala super wells broke the record of 9,583 meters maintained by Bertha Rogers in Oklahoma, the United States, and officially became the deepest ultra -deep well in the world at that time (1979) at that time. Drilling work all the way. In 1983, the well reached 12,000 meters, surpassing the deepest Mariana groove in the world. In 1989, Kola's deep drilling reached its largest well -12262 meter for the first time. Drilling work stopped in 1992. Although it has stopped drilling, the data and data research on Koala's deep wells have continued for several years, until 2006 funds were exhausted. In 2008, the address was abandoned, and Kola's deep drill was firmly sealed, and a generation of legends finally ended.

Workers are working next to the rig

Generally speaking, the thickness of the crust is 5-70 kilometers: the thickness of the ocean crust is small, generally 5-10km, average 7-8km; the thickness of the continental crust is large, with an average of 35km; The thinnest plains are the thinnest, the thinnest is about 20km. Therefore, even if the thinnest land shell is calculated, Kola's ultra -deep drilling has just drilled half of it, not to mention those thicker places. Based on the average radius of the earth 6371 kilometers, Koala's ultra -deep drilling only drilled to 0.2%, which was too insignificant.

Earth's internal structure

1: Mainland crust; 2: Ocean crust; 3: upper mantle; 4: lower mantle;

5: Foreign nucleus; 6: core; A: Moho Noodles; B: Guden Fort Noodles; C: Lyman Noodles

Although the diameter of Koala's ultra -deep drilling is not large, it helped us spy on the colorful underground world, and for the first time, it also provided direct information about the ancient continental crustal composition and structure that was unable to reach.

In fact, to this day, Kola's deep drilling well has been broken by some "rising shows". In 2008, the Ayasin oil well of Qatar reached 12289 meters; in 2011, Russia's Odoptu OP-11 oil well on the Curry Island reached 12345 meters; in 2012, the Z-44 CHAYVO oil well of Exxon Mobilian Petroleum reached reached 12376 meters; in 2017, the "most" drilling of the "world's most" drilling of Exxon Mobilized Petroleum reached 15,000 meters. However, because these three wells are oblique wells (referring to the well in the drilling project, a well with an inclined angle), in depth calculation, Koala's ultra -deep drilling is still the deepest well in the world, and it is also the most pure scientific research in the world. Drilling well.

Ahwin oil well -12289m

Ashokine, located in the Middle East, has reached 12289 meters in the well depth, which was drilled in the Qatar area in 2008. It was recorded in 2011 It was broken by 12345 meters, so it was reduced to the world's second deepest drilling.

Deep well drilling machine

Odoptu OP-11 Oil well-12345m

With the continuous breakthrough of global ultra -deep well technology, the oil and gas fields with more than 10,000 meters of depth have been discovered. Not only bring huge economic returns, but also provides possibilities for scientific research on underground deep. Odoptu OP-11 oil wells located on the Russian Kukuchi is 12,345 meters. Breaking the 12289 -meter record kept in Qatar's Axin's drilling, with this record, he sat on the throne of the "world's first oil well" (2011). However, most of the drilling is a horizontal section, and its depth is only 1784 meters.

Sahalin Z-44 Oil well-12376m 2012, Z-44 CHAYVO Oil well set the latest record of 12376m well, more than 3,000 meters higher than the world's highest peak Mount Everest. Exxon Petroleum Natural Gas Company posted the following picture telling us how deep the underground oil fields in the world, the well depth of more than 40,000 feet, is almost equivalent to the height of Burj Khalifas, the highest skyscraper in the world, and is equal to the hot thermal record of world records. Two times the balloon flight height (1 foot = 0.3048 meters).

Delivery diagram

"The most in the world" drill -15000M

With the growth of oil demand and the continuous development of technology, since the end of the 1950s, more and more companies have begun to explore deeper oil and gas wells, and the depth of oil drilling has continued to refresh records. At present, the deepest oil well in the world belongs to Exxon Neftegas LTD. In November 2017, the "Ohivo Oilfield ORLAN platform implemented in the Sakhalin-1 project in the Sakhalin Island Sahalin-1 in November 2017 The world's most "drilling, the well depth of 15000m.

The Sahalin-1 project can be described as "ultra-deep well professional households". Since the Sahalin-1 drilling project in 2003 has drilled, a number of world ultra-deep wells have been created. Behind its many ultra -deep well records, it is a huge return. The Sahalin-1 project currently includes three oil fields of Chayvo, Odoptu and Arkutun-Dagi, up to 2.3 billion barrels of oil and 4.84 × 1011m3 natural gas.

main reference:

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Pictures from the Internet

Beautiful editor: Xu Hongxi

School pair: Qin Huaqing Liu Qi County

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