The change of Poyang Lake

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Zhang Yuxuan

The "island -style" attractions such as Shoe Mountain and Flower Star Dun have successively "water falling into the peak"; beaches have shocked the "tree of life"; 70 % of the waters are reduced within a month; Native

For more than a month, this kind of wonders that have been sufficient to subvert the public's perception of China's first freshwater lake, Poyang Lake, have repeatedly rushed to hot search. In addition to being shocked, the extremely hot and drought conditions in the Poyang Lake Basin have aroused great attention from the public.

Since the end of the flood season at the end of June, the Poyang Lake Basin, which was in Fengshui period, was directly entered into the dry period according to the previous year's experience. In the past year, it was still in the season of flood prevention, and this year was drought resistance. As of August 29, the weather with high temperatures and rain continued, the large area of ​​the water was reduced, the water level decreased sharply, and the extreme high temperature had experienced a rare "vicissitudes of vicissitudes" in just two months.

On August 6, the water level of Xingzi Hydrological Station fell to 11.91 meters, and Poyang Lake first entered the dry period in historic land; on August 19, the water level of Xingzi Hydrological Station fell to 9.95 meters, and Poyang Lake entered the low -drying period; September 6 6; September 6 6 On the day, the water level of Xingzi Hydrological Station fell to 7.99 meters, and the "earliest" of Poyang Lake entered the extremely dry water period ... This series of data refreshed many "earliest" historical records that Poyang Lake had recorded in 1951.

What follows is that the internal tributary of the basin has a broken flow, a large area of ​​the riverbed, the channel is blocked, and the farmland is short of water. On the one hand, Poyang Lake and Ganjiang Water Transport, which runs through the north and south of Jiangxi Province, have been seriously affected. On the other hand, local agricultural irrigation water sources are not enough to increase the risk of secondary disaster.

At the same time, the local government has repeatedly improved the level of extreme weather warning and drought resistance response, and formulated and implemented a series of drought resistance measures to protect the lives of local residents and production of water.

The lake bed exposed in the sun dried up and cracking Liu Yuanqing | Photo

On September 6, the beach coating after the lake was retreated. Zhang Xiaolin | Photo

On September 6, the fish died on the beach after stranding. Zhang Xiaolin | Photo

On September 6, Poyang Lake during the extremely dry period, a boat walked through the beach. Zhang Xiaolin | Photo

"Drought" is raging, and the waters of Poyang Lake have been reduced to less than 30 %

On September 6, Yongxiu County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, the sun along the river was still so hot.

Xiuhe is one of the "Five Rivers" (the Gan River, Raohe, Fuhe, Xinjiang, and Xiuhe) that supplements the water source of Poyang Lake. The flood season or Fengshui period of the water system, but now, the scene of "a large river wavy" is no longer. The extreme high temperature and rainy weather that lasted for more than two months caused the amount of water in the river to decrease and the water level decreased significantly. The half of the riverbeds in some watersheds were exposed under the scorching sun.

Yongxiu County is located on the southwestern bank of Poyang Lake. In its territory, there is a 5 -kilometer -long three -level water -crossing highway in the Dahuchi section of Yongwu Highway in Wucheng Town. The scenery was praised by the tourists who came to the trip as "water highway" and became a local online celebrity attraction. In August of this year, it was the abnormal water of the river in the rich water period, and the water surface was far away.

On August 26, the Daguchi Pool section of Yongwu Highway, the "water highway" during the drought was not real. Interviewee | Photo Conference

On August 21, the crops that were deadly due to water were easily lifted from the field. Zhang Xiaolin | Photo

Compared with the "water highway", the "transformation" of the famous attractions of Poyang Lake and the star pier is even more stagnant. In mid -to -late August, the water level around Poyang Lake Estuary and Lake Hearts decreased, and the water level around the star pier declined.

Members of Jiangxi Photographers Association, local photographers Liu Yuanqing, and Zhang Xiaolin carried out scenery photography creation in this area, but this year has encountered such a decline. Liu Yuanqing lamented this, "Puyang Lake is bottomed out, rare drought years." Zhang Xiaolin regrets, "The water level is constantly decreasing, and the area of ​​the lake beach is also expanding. The grass of Laotou Mountain, Songmen Mountain and Jishan Mountains died. "

However, the Poyang Lake Basin more than two months ago was another scene.

The comparison of the satellite remote sensing monitoring image of the water area of ​​Poyang Lake, the picture on the left is August 15th, and the picture on the right is June 27. Picture based on the official website of Jiangxi Meteorological Bureau

According to local media reports, on June 21, the Poyang Lake Hydrological Water Resources Monitoring Center issued a flood blue warning information, and Poyang Lake Xingzi Hydrological Station monitored the water level exceeding the alert water level by 0.07 meters. Previously, due to the heavy rainfall in Jiangxi Province, the water potential of Poyang Lake and the "Five River" watershed, flood prevention became a major issue in the local government. The emergency response of flood prevention was increased to level II.

On June 26, the Poyang Lake Hydrological Water Resources Monitoring Center announced that the water level of Poyang Lake was retreated below the alert water level and ended the level IV emergency response at the flood prevention hydrological test. However, the wind and clouds changed, and the local area immediately entered the weather with high temperature and rain. The "kidney of the Yangtze River" Poyang Lake experienced the "two days of ice and fire" in just two months.

According to the continuous data information released by the Yangtze River Hydrological Intelligence Forecast Center, since late June, Poyang Lake and "Wuhe" and its tributary water and Le'an River water potential have shown "rising" less and "falling". Also fall again. On June 27, the hydrological station of Poyang Lake Lake Monsens was monitored. At that time, the water level was 18.66 meters. The corresponding/library flow is only 1240 cubic meters per second, which is less than 10 % of the same data at the end of June. On August 15th and 16th, Jiujiang Meteorological Observatory successively issued a drought orange warning and high -temperature red warning. Such extreme weather is still rare in the local area. According to data released by the local meteorological department of Jiujiang, the average rainfall in the city has been nearly 70 % less than usual since July. In the two highs, the extreme highest temperatures of Wuning and Water Repair Station reached 41.4 ° C and 41 ° C, respectively.

On the side of high temperature and rain, the evaporation of the surface water of the Poyang Lake Basin is added, and on the one hand, it reduces the supplement of the water body. After research and judgment by the local meteorological department, Poyang Lake entered the dry period on August 6, nearly 100 days earlier from previous years. There are different degrees of disaster situations in many places, and local areas are heavy or even drought. The area of ​​the Poyang Lake has also appeared in the water area, which has been reduced from 3331 square kilometers on June 27 to 1183 square kilometers on August 15, with a reduction ratio of 64.49%.

The area of ​​Poyang Lake is not only large, but also fast, and the situation has further intensified in the short term after mid -August. According to the "China Meteorological" public account, the monitoring of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite shows that by August 21, the main body of Poyang Lake and the nearby waters area is 939 square kilometers, which is 70% smaller than the same period (the average historical period is 3110 square kilometers). Compared with the maximum waters monitored on June 27th, the maximum area of ​​3331 square kilometers decreased by 72%, the minimum value in the past 10 years.

On September 3rd, in the area of ​​Duchang Second Bridge, the water veins on the lake bed were dead trees. Liu Yuanqing | Photo

Recently, Liu Yuanqing, Houkou Shoe Mountain | Photo

The water level of the north and south main channels is "cut", and the cargo ship is difficult and difficult

"Eating water by water", Poyang Lake and "Wuhe", as the largest water system in Jiangxi Province, carried all aspects of local economic operation and development. Now it has encountered rare droughts. The first thing that is the shipping and agriculture is the first time.

The Ganjiang River is the head of the "Five River" of the Poyang Lake and is also the largest river in Jiangxi Province. It runs through the province's north and south. It is connected to the Yangtze River through the Poyang Lake. For more than two months, among the "Five River", the water level of the Ganjiang River has dropped the most, close to the "chop", and the water level is 19.64 meters from the rich water period (June 27, the Monitoring data of Waizhou Hydrological Station, the same below) Fall to 11.18 meters (August 29), which is 6.07 meters lower than 17.25 meters in the same period last year (August 29, 2021).

Liu Zhiqiang, who is engaged in shipping in the Ganjiang and Poyang Lake area, told the reporter of China Economic Weekly: "This is the first time I have seen such a scene in the past 20 years. We were caught off guard during the dry period. "

Not only is the shipping level of the Poyang Lake Basin tight, but even the situation of the Yangtze River channel is not optimistic. The Jiujiang Maritime Safety Administration issued an emergency announcement for this, and started unidirectional navigation control on Jiujiang Waterway from 17:00 on August 10. Strict verification of past ships to eat water, and water will not exceed 5.8 meters through ordinary cargo ships intending to pass Jiujiang Waterway, and dangerous goods ships must not eat more than 5.7 meters. Implement the linkage control, set up an inspection line to conduct a 24 -hour inspection of ships over 100 meters of ships, especially over 100 meters of ships. The implementation of ships above 6.8 meters of water discovered can be released after the implementation of ships above 6.8 meters.

"Due to the decline in the water level of the river, the cargo ship that was originally loaded with 2,000 tons can only be loaded with 1,000 tons, so that the depth of the cargo ship's water depth will be half to ensure that the river channel is successfully passed." The water level of the ship loading and unloading pier is also returning. The risk of stranding on the shore of the ship can only be anchored at the position far from the pier. Or the water surface floating. "

On the other hand, the shipment reduction of ships will inevitably lead to a decline in the channel capacity of the channel. "Our labor volume has been doubled, and the goods that can be completed in the original one will need to be completed in one trip." Liu Zhiqiang said, "In this way, the cost of business has also increased. At present, this part of the cost requires a shipping company to transport companies. If we take it ourselves, we are also talking about transportation costs with customers. I hope that these costs can be shared in the future. "

Liu Zhiqiang told reporters that Poyang Lake and Ganjiang routes are mainly commodities such as coal and building materials. If the water level continues to decline, it will not only have a serious impact on the water transport industry itself, but also affect the local energy and construction industry.

On September 6, the dead mountain vegetation. Zhang Xiaolin | Photo

A dock located in the Ganjiang River into the Poyang Lake position, the water level returns seriously. Interviewee | Photo Conference

"Hometown of Fish and Rice" is facing crops shortage of water

Turn the perspective to local agriculture. As one of the major agricultural provinces in my country, the abundant water resources of the Poyang Lake Basin are an important basis for its agricultural development. The drought at the moment has a great adverse effect on local planting agricultural irrigation. Xu Qinggao, a large grain farmer along the Xiuhe coast, has 600 acres of grain fields. The main planting crops are rice. In previous years, the production capacity of acres of acres reached 1400 catties, which is a local high -yield field. According to its description, the prices of pesticides and fertilizers required for rice planting in recent years have risen. Although the production of rice per mu is high, it can be at most the revenue and expenditure after the transformation. At present, it is the critical period of rice growth, and the harsh climate replaces market downturn performance, becoming the biggest disadvantages that plagues farmers.

"There is no rainfall for two consecutive months, and the amount of evaporation in the fields under high temperature is large." Xu Qinggao was worried about this, and continuous high temperature means that rice fields need more water to irrigate. With the decline in the water level of the river, the source of reserve water has become more and more tense. "At present, the disaster situation is not serious by storage of water in advance and extracting river water. However, this weather will continue to have a great impact on this year's harvest."

The cultivation of river cultivation in Yongxiu County provides "geographical interest" for local agricultural irrigation, and has also achieved the regional image of the "hometown of fish and rice" in this area. However, the rare drought in history may cause this "geographical" advantage to lose.

As Xu Qinggao said, the farmland near the water source can temporarily survive the drought with the help of this advantage, but the situation facing those farmland far from the water source is not so optimistic. The reporter learned that some farmland far away from water sources extracted groundwater irrigation through limited amounts of wells, and the decline in groundwater levels made it difficult for well irrigation to meet the growth needs of crops. Therefore, such farmland lost heavier in drought.

Under the double abuse of high temperature and water shortage, in addition to the lack of irrigation water sources, the secondary disaster also increased the test of local agriculture. "On the one hand, insects are rare in high temperature weather, and crop pollination has become a problem. On the other hand, droughts often have insect pests. At present, agricultural technicians have analyzed disaster conditions and assisting medicine." The contained farmland output must be reduced. "

The losses caused by drought and high temperatures to agriculture can be pushed one or two from the data disclosed by the Yongxiu County Government. According to the statistics of Yongxiu County a few days ago, only one rice, the area of ​​affected area reached 65,661 acres, of which the disaster area was 30555 acres, and the unique area was 4887 acres. Crops also suffer from disasters, disasters or harvests to varying degrees.

Comprehensive sub -item data, as of August 27, the county's disaster -sufficient population was 37,281; the crops were affected by 75244 acres, of which 65,661 acres of grain crops; 36124.5 acres of crops, 30,555 acres of grain crops; Among them, 4,887 acres of grain crops; direct economic losses caused by droughts have reached 32.497 million yuan.

On August 21, the staff was setting up the water drainage pipeline. Photography: Zhang Xiaolin

On August 27, the local dug canal was used to divert water from the River to resist drought. Photography: Liu Yuanqing

On August 26, water conservancy workers who worked at the scorching sun. Photography: Liu Yuanqing

Local government actively resist drought relief

In the drought, the locals are looking forward to the rain. A local grass -roots official told reporters: "We have prepared a 'artillery shell' for artificial rainfall long ago, waiting for the conditions of atmospheric conditions to meet the requirements of artificial rainfall."

On August 24, the Jiangxi Province Flood Control and Drought Resistance Headquarters issued a notice to increase the emergency response of drought resistance to the third level. This means that the local flood prevention and drought resistance situation is severe. All localities and departments must go all out to do a good job of drought resistance and disaster relief in accordance with the division of responsibilities and plans.

Previously, the flood prevention and drought resistance headquarters also released a total of 30 drought resistance and disaster relief work guidance, requiring priority to meet living water, taking into account agricultural irrigation water, coordinating industrial and ecological water, striving to improve the efficiency of water resource utilization, organizing and guiding the disaster -stricken areas in a timely manner Carry out production self -rescue and disaster relief assistance.

As of September 6, the situation was further severe. The Poyang Lake Hydrological Water Resources Monitoring Center has released drought blue warnings and dry blue warnings. On the same day, at the drought resistance and relief association held by the Flood Control and Drought Resistance Headquarters, the relevant person in charge stated that the current local rivers' water level continued to decline, the reservoir water storage decreased, and the drought conditions would be further developed. The high precipitation is too small, and the water level of the river will continue to decline. Poyang Lake may refresh the lowest water level in history and ensure that the pressure of urban and rural residents' living water and industrial and agricultural production water will increase.

This must be a tough battle, and it is not allowed to be slack now.

Qin Ling, Secretary of the Yongxiu County Party Committee, said in an interview with the China Economic Weekly reporter that the county relying on the innate advantages of the developed water system to predict climate change. At the beginning of this year, he had storage of water and did a certain preparation for drought resistance. After the disaster, drought resistance and disaster relief became the focus of government work. Under the premise of ensuring the safety of residents' living water, the current focus of work is to protect agricultural water and ensure food safety.

In terms of specific measures, according to Qin Ling, after the emergency response was started, Yongxiu County made a comprehensive dispatch of water sources to ensure the balanced water for the upstream and downstream rivers in the territory; providing funding subsidies or equipment support for drought consumption, facilities construction, and artificial rainfall, etc. ; In terms of insects and diseases, the agricultural technology working group provides technical support to farmers, and instructs farmers to make up autumn rice in the unique fields to restore losses; coordinate financial insurance institutions to pay for damaged farmers and touch the loss of residents. Avoid the phenomenon of "poverty due to drought" and "returning to poverty due to drought"; and evaluating projects such as reservoir expansion, canal dredging, and renovating local water conservancy projects; and so on. In terms of agricultural economic assistance, the reporter learned that the agricultural department of Yongxiu County has purchased 25,000 kg of buckwheat autumn grain seeds to be distributed to local farmers for free. It is expected that it can be planted to 3,000 acres of farmland to make up for the losses. The purchase of a batch of 80,000 pounds of rapeseed seeds was distributed to the affected farmers for farming;

What are the actual implementation effects of these policies and measures?

On August 29, many farmers from Xu Qi went to their contracted rice fields for irrigation. According to Xu, the local government attaches great importance to agriculture. In recent years, farmers have been guided to carry out "shrimp farming -grain farming" in turn. After the drought, officials at all levels have frequently conducted field inspections and guidance, reducing water and electricity charges in farmland drought resistance, and also helped farmers excavate in Tanaka. These measures have reduced the adverse effects of drought to a certain extent.

Another farmer at the scene told reporters that "the most needed for a heavy rain at the moment." The meteorological department has arranged an artificial rainfall rocket launch operation, and "it should be raining soon."

(This article was published in "China Economic Weekly", No. 17, 2022)

The cover of the 17th issue of 2022 "China Economic Weekly"

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