Yellow Sea on the Yellow Sea

Rizhao is one of the earliest areas of Shandong's "South Tea North", and it is also the most successful area of ​​"South Tea North". This is a photo held at the sun in the six provinces of "South Tea to West" in October 1973.

Before Nan tea was introduced, although Rizhao had the habit of drinking tea, he did not have the technology of planting tea. Most people had not even seen tea trees. At that time, the "tea tree tree" of Rizhao was just the tender -leaf tea, the tree species of the family of San Shengli (beef tendon, water wax, small wax tree), and the wooden tree species, which is different from the tea trees of the tea family and tea family in the southern mountains.

Difficult to open

Rizhao's South Tea North began in the 1950s. It is said that in 1954, Mao Zedong said to Tan Qilong when he was in Hangzhou: "Shandong has a lot of population and loves to drink tea. You should go to work in Shandong and should lead the tea in the south to Shandong." He also suggested that he have a variety of tea in Shandong. After Tan Qilong was transferred to the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, he actively promoted the work of "South Tea North".

In the winter of 1958, the Shandong Provincial Forestry Department began a mass test and planted tea trees in the province. The Provincial Department of Forestry purchased 5,000 kg of tea seeds from Zhejiang, and the room was cooling in the room. It did not do any treatment. The following year, it was assigned to pilot planting in various places. Among them, there are places such as the Guanzhuang Brigade of the Guanzhuang Brigade, the fifth floor of Sunyi Township, Rizhao County.

This is the beginning of Rizhao South Tea.

Due to the lack of technical power, the competent department did not issue technical documents. Tea seeds were included in the local tree species. The method of on -demand soybean was simply sown into the soil. Die drought.

Although the first attempt failed, the tea tree trial experiments did not stop. In 1961, Rizhao selected a total of 0.56 acres of trial species of Dashawa Forest Farm, Mazhuang Commune Norizhuang production team, and the state -owned Liujiazhai Nursery, which adopted the method of opening, strip and sowing, respectively. , 95%, 8%, but the problem of the safe and wintering of tea seedlings still failed to solve it completely.

The transfer started in 1965. In the spring of this year, Tan Qilong, then Secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, found that the tea tree quoted by Qingdao Zhongshan Park was still alive, and then instructed the Shandong Provincial Business Department to strictly choose the terrain in the province and conduct small -area trials again. In the same year, Wulian County began trial planting in the Luojiafengtai Brigade of the Street Commission.

In the fall of that year, Shandong Sugar, Tea, Tea, tobacco and Liquor Company sent Lu Xin and Chen Dexi to Linyi to select the seeds. Rizhao County selected the two brigades of Shuangmiao of Lishan Commune and Beishan, Anlan Commune. In the spring of 1966, it planted 8.7 acres of tea, including 5 acres in Beishan Village and 3.7 acres of Shuangmiao Village. This time the tea seeds were introduced from Zhejiang and Anhui, and the wintering treatment was performed, and 2.3 acres were survived.

In 1967, Rizhao County closed Lijiazhuangzi, Lijia Dingzi, Nanhu Gongshan, Jufeng Bojiakou, Houcun Duxuzi, Shiqiao Guanzhuang, and Yufengling Monument, including Nine, etc. 111.5 acres. In 1968, it expanded to 346.2 acres of 23 brigades in 11 communes. At this time, the survival rate has reached more than 95%.

Bumpy development

The process of South Tea was twisted and bumpy.

The tea trees from the south are gentle and moist, while the sun is cold and dry in winter and spring, and there are many northwest winds. The biggest difficulty of South Tea to quote is not to grow seedlings, but how to ensure the safe and wintering of tea seedlings. The winter after the sun is introduced to the South Tea, it seems extremely cold, almost a small frozen one year, a large frozen in four years, and does not stop for a year. From the winter of 1967 to the spring of 1968, it encountered decades of unprecedented dry and cold weather, and the frozen sea was dozens of miles. In the severe winter of 1969, 10%of the tea gardens of Rizhao lost their vitality; 85%of the tea gardens leaves were more than 90%dry, and the branches were dead of 40 cm or more.

In addition to the cold winter, the masses' cognition is also a big deal.

Due to the lack of grain, most cadres and the masses did not recognize the planting of tea trees. They believed that "the mountains are difficult to change, the sex is difficult to move, and the east and west in the south cannot be planted in the north. Two stubble crops; think that there are more tea for tea, and the lack of waste planting tea is not as good as the planting of peanuts and growing apples. All kinds of complaints and gossip are constant. Seeing tea seedlings for two years, the feet are high, and I do n’t know the year of the monkey and the month of the monkey. firewood. Rumors also appeared in individual villages in the West Lake Commune, saying that in 1968, the Rizhao suffered frozen disasters and droughts because offending the Niangniang of the Haixian. Only by stopping the planting of tea can the wind and rain be smooth; All of them were buried in the sea. For a while, the panic began to spread rapidly in some villages. In 1969, the new tea garden in Rizhao County was only 1.4 acres.

However, the revenue of light -breed food is too low. For the long -term development of Rizhao, for the long -term interests of the masses, multiple operations must be implemented.

Rizhao County takes tea as a political task. A tea -breeding mobilization conference was held to focus on solving the ideological problems of grass -roots cadres planting tea; a variety of business offices were formed to be responsible for this matter; the county had a tea breeding group, the commune had a tea technician, and the brigade set up a tea -breeding professional team. Essence Increased the training of technicians. Since 1967, the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has also sent experts to investigate Rizhao to conduct tea tree cultivation management tests, research and investigation.

After in -depth field investigation and analysis, the tea gardens that survived after frozen damage were mainly in the backwind to the sun, and shade after the seedlings were emerged. In winter, protective measures such as soil cultivation, grass cover, and windfrugation barriers were adopted. The accumulation and summary of these experiences provides reference and examples for future expansion tea gardens. In order to ensure that the tea seedlings are safe, the local peasant tea professional team has done a lot of experiments. I have tried to use pine branches and 桲椤 as a windshield, and adopt "tie waist" (baked tea tree stems with grass), "wearing a hat" (covering the grass on the tea branches), deep buried soil, etc. Not obvious. Later, farmers Liu Weiyu tried to use straw dumplings as the windshield of the tea garden, and the tea tree frostbite was resolved. After all the tea gardens adopted the straw tadder windshield, the increase in the amount of grass was increasing with the membership of the members of the members. In practice, it created the method of local hitting walls to replace the grass.

Tea species also began to choose. The tea seeds used by Rizhao were originally adjusted from Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Anhui and other places. Later, through trial comparison, the seeds were made from the seeds and Huangshan in Anhui Province.

In order to reduce the conflict of the masses, the planting of tea in Rizhao County is a wasteland in the slope and does not compete with food. According to the recall of the tea specialist at the time: "It is impossible for the cadres of the commune to grow tea to plant tea, and it is a lot of effort to take out the hillside." "Later, the tea tree of each acre of the production team was in the province. Give 1.5 kilograms of urea for free. In order to grow urea planting food, you are willing to plant tea on the hillside. "By 1973, 4080 acres of tea gardens were opened in Rizhao County, of which 3788 acres belonged to the wasteland, nearly 90%.

In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of grass -roots tea, the county has formulated reward and punishment methods and established a number of typical models.

The Shiqiao Guanzhuang Brigade of the Mazhuang Commune opened the mountains and stones, with more than 240 roads, 585 standard narrow terraces, and built more than 70 acres of tea gardens, which were commended. Liu Weiyu, who invented the windshield, was awarded the honorary title of "Tea Young Commando" by Rizhao County, and was awarded the title of "Agricultural Learning Model" by the commune. In 1973, the Lijiazhuang Brigade and the West Zhaojiazhuang Brigade were awarded honorary titles such as "Great Tea Heroes Collective" and "Tea Pymalisa Assault Company".

For the active brigade of tea, the county uses fertilizers to reward. In 1972, the Lijiazhuang Brigade received 600 kilograms of fertilizer fertilizer, and the Jifeng Commune West Zhaojiazhuang Brigade received 4,350 kg of fertilizer. The cadre of Xizhaojiazhuang squatting point believes that in 1973, the expansion area of ​​Lijiazhuang was significantly better than Xizhaojiazhuang. After friendly consultation, it was decided to allocate 1,000 kilograms of chemical fertilizer to the Shanglijiazhuang brigade.

For two consecutive years of the commune ranking, there are no tea -breed brigades, and there are no tea -breed experts, which reported criticism in the whole commune. The party branch secretary of the two brigades was reduced to deputy secretary because of poor tea work, and the other was reduced to a branch member. The surrender brigade cadres should study at the neighboring tea village for half a year.

In addition to the fertilizer distributed in the province, in order to ensure the fertility supply of the tea garden, on the basis of summing up the experience of pig farming, Yu Fulian, a researcher at the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Ren Jiemin, a scientific researcher in Linyi, invented the "three circle and one room" method of fertilizer. Subsequently, Rizhao County launched a "three -circle and one -bedroom" campaign. Some community teams had 1 pig (sheep) for fertilizer per acre of tea trees. For example, Jufeng Commune Shuihonggou Brigade, 50 acres of tea in 1974 and 60 pigs. Houhuangbu Brigade has 100 acres of tea gardens, 50 pigs, and 120 sheep, which guarantees the need for fertilization of tea gardens.

The good -growing villages can kill the "year pigs" at the end of each year. According to the memories of the people at the time, before the tea was planted, the pork was usually 1 kg at the end of the year, and at the end of 1973, it could be divided into 2.25 kg. The villagers felt that the tea was made.

Relying on the "earth method" of a little bit of exploration, the big and carrots were on the big stick, and the tea trees finally tied the roots in Rizhao County.

Successfully promote

Li Lianbiao, a researcher at the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, believes that if the Rizhao tea tree is based on the southern planting model, it will take five years of high sheds to pick a few heads, and the income is too low. The inspired Ren Jiemin changed the idea of ​​increasing tea production and put forward the idea of ​​dense, short, and district field cultivation. This plan shortens the cycle of tea production. Tea can be collected in the second year. In the third year, it is produced more than 50 kg per mu.

In 1973, the tea garden in Rizhao County developed 4080 acres of 186 brigades in 20 communities, of which 1,453 acres were expanded in 1973, accounting for 55.3%of the first seven years. The average of 358 acres was 43.5 kg of fine tea per acre, and the highest six -year -old tea garden per mu was yielded 178 kg.

The successful introduction of South Tea broke the cognition of not planting tea north of 30 degrees north latitude. In October 1973, the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences hosted the experience exchange meeting of the "South Tea to West" in six provinces (autonomous regions) in six provinces (autonomous regions). More than 190 representatives from Tibet, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places attended the meeting. At this time, after several years of development, Rizhao has systematically summarized the trick of breeding tea: the tea garden chooses the backwind to the sun, there is sufficient water; and many more. And combine tea with deep turning the soil, the construction of water conservancy, breeding, and planting trees. At the experience exchange meeting of "South Tea to West", technologies such as "one choice", "three levels" and "four combinations" proposed by Rizhao County are still widely used in the north. After the meeting, the first and second -generation tea seeds produced by Rizhao County were specified to Miyun County, Liaoning and Xinjiang in Beijing, Liaoning and Xinjiang. In December of the same year, Shandong Agricultural Film Society shot the "South Tea North" science and education film in Rizhao County. In 1978, the National Tea District Planning Conference officially included Shandong in the Jiangbei Tea District, which also marked the ultimate success of Rizhao's "South Tea North".

After decades of development, the area and output of Rizhao Tea Garden have accounted for more than half of Shandong Province, forming hundreds of tea brands. "Rizhao Green Tea" has also been collectively referred to as a geographical logo product from a local tea, and brand value and brand benefits have been improved year by year.

(Huixia organizes)

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