Japanese elderly people are queuing crimes

Social weirdness brought by aging.

Text 丨 Chinese Shang Tao Li Mu Bai

"If you use freedom to do the cost, in exchange for free food, residence, and medical treatment without a limit, are you willing?" The US "Fortune" magazine raised such a problem.

Although they know that freedom is valuable, many Japanese elderly people still use practical actions to give a positive answer.

【Sweet Curse】

In the prison in the prefecture in western Tokyo, prisoners can use computers to perform arithmetic questions, answer small tests, or play origami games.

The prison guards said, "This helps stimulate their minds and stops the development of dementia in the elderly in prisoners."

In the past 20 years, Japanese prisoners, like the population of the country, are facing increasingly "silver -haired shocks", and criminals over 65 years have doubled.

Every 5 of Japan's prisoners are elderly people over 65 years old. In contrast, only 6%of the United States is an elderly man and 11%in South Korea. In a prison in Naodao, Japan, the average age of 47 prisoners even reached 74.

Stealing is a common criminal behavior of the elderly in Japan. Stealing rice, stealing fruits, stealing pan, and stealing cold medicines, stolen things, but not too expensive.

The proportion of defendants over 60 years old in Japan

After stealing, they often take the stolen goods to the police station.

Japan's punishment for thieves is very severe, and the sandwich worth 200 yen (about 11 yuan) is stolen, which may face two years of imprisonment.

The severe punishment was to prevent crimes, but it was in line with the minds of many Japanese elderly people. In order to enter prison, some even became a habit.

There is a documentary named "One Day of the Elderly Prison in Japan". Many elderly people have been in prison four or five times. One of the elderly people has entered the prison 15 times for theft and broke the local record.

According to the official data released by Japan, nearly one -quarter elderly criminals over 65 years of age will sin again within two years of release. The second crime rate is twice as much as young people under 29 years old, or even higher.

Why do these elderly people rush to jail?

One is because of loneliness, and the other is because of lack of money.

As East Asian countries, Japan also has a tradition of respecting the elderly. The elderly live with their children and their families and take care of them, but such a habit is disappearing.

Especially in a relatively backward economy, many young people have left the local area, leaving only the helpless elderly people.

According to a statistics survey in the Ministry of General Affairs of Japan, only 36%of people and children live together, 60%of people and children live separately, and the remaining 4%are lonely old people without their children.

In prison, the elderly can meet many peers and they will not be alone. More importantly, they don't have to worry about the lack of pensions.

There is no worries about food and clothing, and occasionally can participate in leisure and entertainment with old friends, which may be a retirement life view that most people imagine.

But in fact, more and more Japanese elderly people can only rely on instant noodles or bibimbaps. The home appliances are broken and there is no money to repair.

Because the pension that has been struggling for decades is not enough. "Elderly bankruptcy" has become a problem that has had to face in front of many elderly people.

In prison, at least they can eat and live for free, and they can receive pensions normally. After being released from prison, you can rely on the pension accumulated during the imprisonment and regenerate for a while.

In June 2019, the Japan Financial Agency issued a report saying that if you only rely on pension, the average person will generate a gap of 50,000 yen (2439 yuan) per month after retirement.

They still have a account. If they live for another 20 years after retirement, the gap is 13 million yen, which is 633,600 yuan. If you live 30 years old, the gap is 20 million yen, about 974,800 yuan.

Japan is one of the longest -lived countries in the world. In 2021, the average life expectancy of Japanese women was 87.57 years old, ranking first in the world, and men were 81.47 years old, ranking third in the world.

But for many Japanese elderly people who lack funds, longevity is more like a curse. They have to be impoverished in the middle of the end.

"Looking at the balance of the bank card a little decreased, like a soft knife killing people, it is to kill, just kill it, don't want to live long." Jikuki Kikuchi said in the documentary.

Some elderly people even put into action, and the elderly suicide in Japanese society is becoming more and more common.

According to the "2020 Metarrassment White Paper" released by the Japanese government, in the 10 years from 2009 to 2019, the number of suicides in Japanese middle -aged and elderly people in Japan reached about 208,000.

The results show that the most cause of suicide in middle -aged and elderly people is "health issues", followed by "economic and living issues."

Even so, the Japanese government has to reduce the amount of pensions year by year.

[Difficulties are difficult to solve]

In the Japanese classic film "Tokyo Story", an elderly couple went to Tokyo to visit their children, but their children were also struggling with the food and clothing line, and no one wanted to take care of their parents.

The old couple returned to her home. The mother died of illness soon, but her father could only sit at home alone, lamenting that "a person is particularly long after a day."

Movies are the mapping of society and a metaphor: the problem of pension, first of all, wealth guarantee. Any material poverty society will become extremely difficult. In 1960, the newly appointed Japanese leader formulated the "National Revenue Double Plan", which claimed that in ten years, it was necessary to achieve high economic development and double the national income.

By the dividend of the global economic recovery, Japan has only completed its goal for seven or eight years. At the same time, the welfare policies of Japan's vulnerable groups such as the elderly have also begun to formulate.

Beginning in April 1961, the Japanese government has issued 11.1 billion yuan to launch funds to implement the National Annual Act. According to the law, the state treasury bornes one third of the total cost, and the rest is borne by the industry and individuals. In 2009, the proportion of national annuity undertaken by the Treasury was adjusted to one -half.

As a pocket system for the pension system, the national annuity is equivalent to my country's residents' endowment insurance system. As long as those who live in Japan and the age of 20 to 60 are forced to join the National Fund. Individuals can pay for the year of gold for 25 years and the age of 65.

Together with the national annuity and thick life, it has become the two pillars of the Japanese public annuity system. The thick -lived annuity is involved in the official employee of the enterprise, which is equivalent to the basic pension insurance of Chinese employees. Enterprises and employees are half of them and paid in proportion. Starting in 2017, the fixed insurance rate was 18.3%, and the workers were half the burden.

If it is a civil servant in Japan, then the premiums that pay a thick annuity are individuals and the country's capital contribution, and they are called "a lot of annuity".

In addition, in 2000, Japan began to implement the nursing insurance system. The main content was to provide home care services, including on -site care, on -site help bathing, and daily care.

According to regulations, Japanese over 40 years old and foreigners in Japan must join care insurance, and 65 years old can enjoy care services. The insured must bear 10%of the service fee, the remaining 90%, and half of the government's financial subsidies and the insurance premium paid by individuals at all levels.

Despite the establishment of a mature pension system, due to the generation of infant waves born after World War II, the average life expectancy has been extended, which has increased pension burden in the state.

As of the end of 2021, the proportion of people over 65 years old in Japan increased to 29%, refreshing the highest record since 1994.

The expenditure of pensions has also risen. In 1970, it was only 9 trillion yen. In 2017, it had reached 5.67 trillion yen, accounting for 47.1%of the total social security expenditure. In recent years, the total expenditure of various pensions has accounted for nearly one -third of the fiscal expenditure.

The gap in Japan's pension was 429.5 billion yen in 1995. By 2020, it had exceeded 13 trillion yen. The gap needs to be filled by issuing debt or fiscal funds. To a certain extent, this has also promoted the continuous improvement of the total debt in Japan.

As of the end of 2021, Japan's GDP was US $ 4.94 trillion, and the debt scale was as high as 121.6 trillion yen, or about 12.69 trillion US dollars, which was 256.88%of GDP.

In order to alleviate the pressure of pensions, Japan has been trying to open source.

The so -called open source is to expand the coverage of informal employees and reduce their insurance costs, so that more people who do not have the conditions have paid pensions.

However, the practice of this next generation of subsidies has aroused the dissatisfaction of many young people, and it is also drinking and quenching thirst -it will increase the burden of pension in the future.

The throttling is to reduce expenditure through measures such as delaying retirement age, delaying collection, and reducing the scale of pensions.

Prior to 1986, Japan had been promoting a 55 -year -old retirement system. From this year, Japan extended the retirement age to 60 years old. In 2006, the retirement age was extended to 65 years old.

In April 2021, the Japanese government began to implement the revised "Employment of Employment Stability Law", which stipulated that enterprises have obliged to ensure that employees are 70 years old.

The number of "employment elderly people" in Japan has risen for 17 consecutive years to 9.06 million, accounting for 25.1%of all elderly population (36.4 million).

This is equivalent to one of the 65 -year -old and over the age of four, one is still active in a job. Among them, about 5.39 million men, about 3.67 million women.

In order to encourage the delay in retirement, the Japanese government also drew a big cake, stipulating that after 65 years of age, it can increase 0.7%on the basis of legal pensions every one month.

But the reality is that Japan has repeatedly reduced the amount of pension.

In 2014, the Abe government announced that it would be adjusted to 8%of the consumption tax, and lowered the pension fund. Once caused more than 500 elderly people to gather outside the Prime Minister's official residence.

The 71 -year -old Japanese old man Lin Qi Haruki bought a barrel of gasoline directly and ignited and set up in the Shinkansen carriage. Before self -immolation, she also gave her money to a 60 -year -old female passenger.

But this is just the beginning.

In 2019, the research report released by the Ministry of Highway Labor and Ministry of Welfare shows that by 2047, the standard of pension collection in Japan must be reduced from 61.7 % of the average social salary in 2019 to 50.8 %, which means that pension will be cut by 20 % of the reduction of 20 % Essence

If the economic situation continues to deteriorate, it is difficult to meet the government's commitment standards, and it may eventually only 36 % to 38 %. From 2021 to 2022, the Japanese government has reduced the amount of pensions for two consecutive years. From 2022, the elderly who have received pensions will be permanently reduced by 0.4%. Personal money has reduced money (about RMB) for 13-45 yuan per month.

[Social 5.0 is it antidote? .

In 1986, the Japanese cabinet received a proposal about "the Second Life Residence Supporting Career".

The proposal is jointly invested by the Japanese government and consortium to build a series of elderly fake villages overseas. Each household has 200 square meters. The elderly Japanese can use pensions and pensions here to enjoy a comfortable retirement life.

After the "Overseas Japanese Elderly Village" plan was proposed, supporters and opponents have launched fierce arguments.

It supports the Japanese real estate construction consortium. At that time, Japanese real estate had taken off, and a large number of developers were rich overnight without land to develop. They were worried about the opportunity to expand overseas.

But the majority of the laborers are unwilling, they call this an overseas version of the "abandoned mother mountain plan".

In Japan's folklore, some places over sixty years old will be thrown away by his son's back to the mountain. Over time, this mountain becomes "abandoned mother mountain".

In the end, the plan was put on hold.

However, the Japanese government was still unwilling, and then engaged in a "10 million national overseas tourism multiplication plan".

In the name, it is necessary to reduce the price of air tickets and encourage overseas tourism. However, it secretly encourages real estate companies to purchase large land and build Japanese villages overseas. The elderly living there can receive 150,000 yen a month.

Due to the rapid development of Japan at that time, there were still many countries that were willing to cooperate, such as Australia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Chile, many islands countries in Southeast Asia, and Hawaii, the United States. To this end, Japan also deployed corresponding medical companionship, education translation and managers.

In the 1990s, Japan's economy was in trouble. Domestic aid funds broke, and most of the Japanese villages have not been able to persist, and more and more people choose to return to China.

On the Chinese network, the news of hundreds of thousands of Japanese people came to China every time.

For example, the news that the recent "Five-Year Plan for Japanese Elderly went to China (2021-2025)" was officially launched on the Internet. The plan claims that hundreds of thousands of Japanese people are sent to China for pensions, but they are subsequently rumored by official media.

Due to the lower cost of living abroad, the elderly to go abroad for the elderly, even if they continue to reduce the scale of pensions, they can ensure their decent life and alleviate the pressure on domestic medical care.

But for Japan, the priority is not to send the elderly out, but to find a way to solve the problem of labor shortage caused by the aging of the population.

The Institute of National Social Security and Population of Japan predicts that the proportion of aging population over 65 years of age will reach 31.5%by 2030.

By 2065, 33.81 million elderly people were 65 and above, accounting for 38.4%among Japan's total population. The number of elderly people aged 75 and above has increased from 12.8%to 25.5%of the total population.

As the main force of the labor population, the number of people 20-64 will decrease rapidly, from 71.23 million in 2015 to 41.89 million in 2065.

In order to encourage fertility, Japan launched the "Angel Program" to provide institutional support for family parenting and reduce the burden on parents of parenting.

At the same time, the Japanese government also formulated a "Parenting Parenting Time" system, stipulating that a child government provided 300,000 yen subsidies for each child government, and increased this subsidy to 420,000 yen in 2022.

The Japanese government also plans to significantly increase parenting payment for a long -term payment amount from 2023

The Japanese government also plans to create the "Children's Family Hall" in April 2023 to solve the problem of children's entry difficulties and further promote the male rest of childcare leave.

The effect of giving up does not seem ideal. In 2021, there were 81,604 new births in Japan, which set a record at the lowest history for 6 consecutive years.

Seeing that all the roads were unreasonable, the Japanese government suddenly found a new antidote: digital and intelligent.

In 2016, the Japanese government proposed a "Social 5.0" concept.

According to the official definition of Japan, "Society 5.0" refers to the gradual evolution of human society's development from "hunting society" to "farming society", "industrial society" and "information society", and will enter a new "ultra -intelligent society in the future "form.

Specifically, the future society of "5.0" consists of ultra -intelligent systems in the 6 major fields, which are drone delivery, AI home appliances, intelligent medical care and inspection, intelligent and automated industries, intelligent operations, and intelligent operations. Full autonomous driving.

In the idea of ​​5.0, long -distance diagnosis and treatment are achieved through artificial intelligence systems. At the same time, the manufacture of high -intelligent care robots allows patients with paralysis to achieve their own care. Create a high -intelligent escort robot to relieve the loneliness of the elderly or patients.

To sum up, society 5.0 is to maximize the use of technology to reduce the dependence of society to people, thereby getting rid of the influence of labor shortage.

Under the government's strategic plan, a group of Japanese companies responded positively.

In 2018, SoftBank Group has cooperated with Toyota Motor Corporation to form the first AI social operation management company to test the "5.0" future society with Nagoya City as the test city. Social application company LINE has cooperated with Fukuoka to integrate smart city technology. However, from the perspective of the practical experience of various industries, the "Social 5.0" planned by the Japanese government has many technical obstacles to be overcome, such as the operation of AI society and smart cities, which requires huge computing power support; for example, long -distance diagnosis and treatment and treatment Under the current technical conditions, the degree of replacement of offline diagnosis and treatment is still very limited; for example, the popularity of AI appliances actually means the grand proposition of "interconnection of all things" ...

The obstacles of these technologies and supporting facilities require both the strong participation of the enterprise and the government to the end to give support for policy and resources. After all, it still needs a huge amount of funds to promote it.

The problem went around and returned to the origin of the left and right.

Therefore, using society 5.0 to crack the problem of aging, it is actually a difficult and heavy project. It can indeed spread hope as a direction of hard work. But it is determined that it is the answer, and there is a big gap.

Before dreams become reality, many elderly people in Japan may still have to make choices between freedom and bread.

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