Three reasons for the development of paranoia, come in to avoid lightning

VIA: "Law Pioneer"

The following is the audio of the full text of Miss Sister

Author | Keith M. Bellizzi

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For many people, the challenge to their worldview feels like an attack on their personal identity, which will cause their position to become tough.

"Fact First" is a slogan of a brand promotional activity in the United States CNN (CNN). It believes that "once the facts are determined, it can form opinions." The problem is that although this sounds logical, this sentence is actually a fallacy that has no research support.

Via: Tuyuan Internet

Cognitive psychology and neuroscience research found that when it comes to politics, the facts are often the opposite. People form opinions based on emotions, such as fear, contempt, and anger, not relying on the facts. New facts often cannot change people's thoughts.

For many years, I have been studying human development, public health and behavior changes. In my work, I saw it with my own eyes that when a person encounters new information opposite to their faith, it is difficult to change his thoughts and behaviors.

Because you are socialized in a specific cultural context, your worldview, including faith and views, began to be formed in childhood. Over time, social groups, media, and even your brain function may continue to strengthen your beliefs, affecting your views on yourself and your way of interacting with the world.

For many people, the challenge to their worldview feels like an attack on their personal identity, which will cause their position to become tough. The following is some studies, explaining why refusal to change your thoughts is a subconscious behavior of many people-and how you can better make these transformations.

VIA: "Law Pioneer"

Refuse things that conflict with your beliefs

In an ideal world, rational people will evaluate the facts and change their views accordingly when they encounter new evidence that contradict their beliefs. But in the real world, things are usually not developed like this.

Part of the reason is that when people encounter evidence contrary to their faith, cognitive prejudice will start. People will not re -evaluate what they believe so far, but to tend to refuse evidence that they do not match their inner ideas. Psychologists call this phenomenon adhere to their faith. Everyone may be a sacrifice for this deep -rooted way of thinking.

Whether through news, social media, or one -to -one dialogue, if there are facts that their current beliefs are wrong, then people will feel threatened. This reaction is particularly strong when the belief is consistent with your political and personal identity. If one of your firm beliefs is challenged, you will feel that this is an attack on you.

Faced with the facts that are inconsistent with your worldview, it may cause the "counterattack effect", which will eventually strengthen your original position and belief, especially on issues with political tendencies. Researchers have discovered this phenomenon in some studies, including opinions on slowing climate change policies and attitudes to vaccination for children.

Focus on to prove your belief

Another cognitive bias hinders you to change your mind, called confirmation bias. This is a natural tendency, that is, find information or explain things in a way to support your existing belief. Interaction with like -minded people and media will strengthen confirmation bias. The problem of confirming sexual prejudice is that it may cause judgment errors because it makes you unable to objectively look at a phenomenon or problem objectively from multiple angles.

A 2016 Gallop Public Opinion Survey provided a good example of this prejudice. In just two weeks spanning the 2016 election, the Republican and Democrats' views on economic conditions have undergone tremendous changes-the opposite direction.

But there are no new changes in the economy. The change is that a new political leader from different political parties has been elected. The election results changed the interpretation of the respondents' economic situation-confirming the prejudice made Republicans a higher evaluation of the economy because their people will be in power; the opposite of Democrats.

VIA: "Law Pioneer"

The hard line of the brain is not helpful

Cognitive prejudice is a predictable pattern in people's thinking methods, which can make you unable to objectively measure evidence and change your thoughts. Some of your brain's basic working methods will also be unfavorable to you in this regard.

Your brain has a hard line that protects you-this may lead to strengthening your opinions and beliefs, even if they are misleading. Winning or debate will trigger a large number of hormones, including dopamine and adrenaline. In your brain, they have contributed to your pleasure you get when you have sex, diet, and roller coaster-yes, and you have won debate. This pleasure makes you feel good and may even be impeccable. This is the feeling that many people want more often.

In addition, in the case of high pressure or trust, your body will release another hormone, namely cortisol. It can hijack your senior thinking process, rationality and logic-psychologists call the brain's execution function. The almond core of your brain becomes more active. When you feel threatened, it controls your natural battle or escape response.

In the context of communication, when these chemicals flow in the body, people tend to raise their voices, push back, and stop listening. Once you are in this mentality, it is difficult to hear other views. The proper desire and the protection mechanism of the brain make changes and faith even more difficult even in front of new information. You can train yourself to maintain an open mindset

Although it is difficult for cognitive prejudice and brain biology to change their ideas, there are still ways to make these natural habits short circuit.

Strive to maintain an open mind. Allow yourself to learn new things. Find views from multiple aspects of one problem. Try to form and modify your views based on accurate, objective and verified evidence.

Don't let yourself be controlled by abnormal values. For example, a large amount of evidence that many doctors and public health officials describe vaccine safety and effectiveness, which is more authentic than a "pseudo -doctor" that you see on the Internet.

Be wary of duplication, because repeated statements are often considered more real than new information, no matter how false claims are.

Introduce things in an uncomfortable manner, so that people can evaluate new information without feeling attacking. Insulting others and hinting that someone is ignorant or wrong, no matter how wrong their beliefs may be, it will cause people you try to influence your argument. On the contrary, try to ask questions and guide the other party to question their faith. Although the opinions may not change in the end, the chance of success is greater.

We need to correctly recognize that we all have these tendencies and listen to other people's opinions with a respectful attitude. When you feel that your body is fighting, it is paused and took a few deep breaths.

You need to remember, sometimes it doesn't matter if you do something wrong by accident. Life was originally a process of growth.

Via: giphy

Reference (click slide to view)

1. Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and its correction: Continued influence and successful debiasing. Psychological science in the public interest, 13(3) , 106-131.

2. Hassan, A., BARBER, S. J. (2021). The effects of the requetition fields on the Illusory Truth Effect. Cognitive research: Principles and IMPLICATION, 6 (1), 1-12.

3. ćimi., G., TKALčIć, M., VUKIć, V., Mulc, D., španić, E., šAgud, M., ... R. HOF, P. (2021). Roles of the amygdala. Biomolecules, 11 (6), 823.

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