The change of "double grabbing": from "tiredness" to "as a shopkeeper"

"What is the 'double grabbing'?" This summer, the "double grab" just opened the sickle. When the granddaughter raised this problem, Liu Jinliang, the "National Grain Planting Standard" in Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, was stunned.

For the younger generation, "double grabbing" seems to be a word from ancient times. However, in the older generation of farmers, even part of the "post -80s" minds, the "double grabbing" of the most heavy farmers in the southern farmers is a memory that generations have always been difficult to wear.

(A "double grab" site in Sanfeng Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province, the harvester unload the rice to the transport vehicle. Photos by Xinhua Daily Telecommunications reporter Zhou Nan)

"A lot of changes, many rural children don't know what's going on." Liu Jinliang sighed. "Double grabbing", this word accompanied by double -season rice production has witnessed the development of southern rice production from manpower and livestock to mechanization, from small retail planting to large -scale planting, and from the "single fighting" family operation direction. After the "collaborative operation" supported by social services, it was gradually fading out of people's vision.

What is "double grabbing"?

"'Double grabbing' is first of all a race with time, and it is a peasant time." "After the 60s," Liu Jinliang said. In short, "double grabbing" refers to grabbing early rice and planting late rice. It is a kind of agricultural activity that has existed in the southern region of my country, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

(A "double snatch" scene in Sanfeng Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province.)

The growth and development of rice have high temperature requirements. Therefore, after the early rice is mature, it is necessary to grab and plant it immediately to grab the time for the growth of late rice to make full use of the light and heat of summer and autumn. Otherwise, once the farmers are delayed, the harvest of the late rice will be greatly reduced.

"'Double grabbing' generally occurs during the time period of Xiaoshu to Liqiu, first harvest the early rice into the warehouse, and then insert the late rice into the field." Liu Jinliang said that the "double grab" he experienced in the 1970s and 1980s is the most tired "Double grabbing". If you do n’t light up every day, you will go out every day. Harvesting, granular, sun -cottage, plowing fields, and planting seedlings are completed by manpower and animal power. The efficiency is not high. You can only rush desperately to avoid mistakenly misunderstood the agricultural time.

"'Double grabbing' is a contest with the weather, which is a huge test for the body." Deng Changfu, a large number of grains in the "70s" planting grains in Sanfeng Town, Huarong County, Huarong County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, opened his memory and opened his memory. The gate. During the "double grabbing" period, "Three Volt Sky" is the highest temperature and humid and sullen period in the south.

(A drying workshop in Sanfeng Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province, agricultural cadres are measured the water content of early rice.)

"'Double grabbing' is the hardest farm work, none of them." Deng Changfu said that when harvesting early rice, water should be kept in the field to facilitate planting late rice. Therefore, the cut rice and a partaroon are all soaked in the water, which becomes very heavy. The sun is hot in the fields in the field. If you want to step on such mud water, you will be bitten by grasshoppers.

"'Double grabbing' must also prevent various accidents, the heart can't stand it." The "post -80s" grain farmers in Liluo City, Hunan Province recalled Tie Qing. The sun was still baking, and in a blink of an eye, the clouds were dense, and the thunder was a masterpiece. Farmers could only quickly throw off the work at hand, pulled out the mud legs from the field, flew to the sun, grab the rice before the rain, and retract the rice back. Otherwise, rice is washed away or soaked by water, causing great losses.

"Returning to the countryside to plant food in 2012, there are no places to expose several hundred acres of early rice. They can only be exposed to the road next to the village. Wet the dew, scan them into a pile of piles, cover the plastic film, stop the car by yourself, sleep in the car, and spread out the drying the next morning.

Once encountered rush, thousands of pounds of rice were rushed into the mud on the roadside, and exhausted and sadly squatted at Tie Qing and cried. Another time, a woman wrapped a bandage in her hand to come to the door, saying that Xiang Tieqing's valley on the side of the road caused the road to slip. She was injured by a motorcycle and asked for compensation for medical expenses. Although the other party had no direct evidence, he had to lose 6,000 yuan. "During the" double grabbing "period, there are floods and wind disasters. These accidents may cause huge losses and make people suffer physically and mentally." He said with emotion.

“实质上是因为当时农业基础条件比较落后，农业生产效率低，抵御自然灾害能力弱，只能以极大的劳动付出，为双季稻生产'抢'出更多空间。”知名粮食专家、 Cheng Guoqiang, a professor at Renmin University of China.

(Three Temple Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province, a transport vehicle equipped with early rice is passing by.)

Where is the "double grabbing"?

"'Double grabbing' is very bitter, and 'double grabbing' is not bitter." Said Li Jianmei, a agricultural cadre of the agricultural and rural bureaus of Puoluo City, which is undergoing early rice, said. Despite wearing a sun hat, sweat continued to flow from her cheeks. She studied hard from Xiaoshan Village, Xiangnan, admitted to college, and then became agricultural cadres. "I still remember clearly, and my parents told me in the rice field, 'double grabbing' is so bitter, you have to read well." She said.

It is not uncommon to recall the articles experienced by the "double grabbing". The authors use "farmers' purgatory" and "bitterness that cannot be described in text" to describe the suffering of "double grabbing".

This bitter body is reflected in the long work time. "You must try to lengthen the labor time, compress the rest time, and want to use it for three days a day." Li Jianmei said. The summer day was dazzling, and the farmers got up at about five o'clock. They filled their stomachs with leftovers every night and worked immediately. At about eight o'clock, the sun became hot, and began to enter the "sauna mode". The sweat flowed repeatedly and evaporated. The clothes were covered with salt and cream.

(A "double grab" site in Nie City, Linxiang City, Hunan Province, a driver was sitting in a harvester with air -conditioning.)

You can only stay at home at noon. After drying the rice, you can rest a little. After three o'clock in the afternoon, I was working in the field, as if I was locked in a big tank. After the sun fell, the temperature finally declined, but mosquitoes began to dispatch in groups. No matter how he waved his hand, he would be bitten out of many masses, which was unbearable. "Some people have less labor, and they have to do flashlights at night, or do the moonlight, and do it until late." Li Jianmei said.

The farm work at night is not less than the daytime. You need to collect the dry rice. After picking it home, you can use a hand -shaking wind valley car to remove the impurities of the rice. The adults have to go to the field to "keep the water" at night, that is, keeping the water and their own fields to ensure that the rice fields are sufficient to irrigate, and it is convenient to plant late rice in time. "The water source is tight, and the water will not be poured without keeping it. Sometimes there will be disputes in grabbing water." Li Jianmei told reporters.

"I didn't stop all day long, just like the bitter sea can't be seen." This is Li Jianmei's memory of "double grabbing".

This suffering is also reflected in super high labor intensity. "Everyone said, a 'double grabbing' is done, and people have to be too tired." He Lin, who participated in the "double grabbing" Beijing "double grabbing", said, from harvesting to the sun, from plowing fields to transplanting. Each link is heavy. Taking harvest as an example, you must bend over, and keep waving the sickle in your hand. Under the hot sunlight, even if you can't stand up, you dare not stay for a while. "It's like a wolf chasing you behind him. He has no strength and wants to run forward desperately." He Lin made this way.

Taking the rice ball as an example, according to the distance and the distance, each adult man's labor force has to pick a few times a day or even a dozen trips. The rice with more than one hundred pounds of rice is pressed on the shoulders, walking on the curved field trail, it is the extreme challenge to the physical fitness. "If you are tired of shaking your calves, you still have to persist, and you are afraid of the jokes of his peers, and your steps are embarrassed to slow down. After a day, the shoulders are red and swollen, and the novices will wear blisters. Bubbles will be crushed. Talking about the experience of teenagers.

This suffering is also reflected as a fast rhythm. "Trim on walking, you don't stop eating chopsticks, you dare not chat when you meet your neighbors, for fear of delaying time." Xiang Tieqing said that as soon as he reached the "double grab", the rhythm of labor and life automatically entered the "speed" mode.

"One year 'double grabbing' finished, I was paralyzed on the bed, and I was asleep for almost 20 hours." Despite this, Xiang Tieqing was also grateful to the tempering of "double grabbing" to myself. He is stronger and stronger in physical strength. He picks more than a hundred pounds of burdens and walks up with both feet to make him grow from a young man to a man.

"'Double grabbing' to exercise my will and become a spiritual motivation for my persistence." Li Jianmei explained "'double grabbing' but not bitter", "from reading to participating in work, every time I encounter difficulties, I will think, '' I can eat both the bitterness of the double grabbing ', and what else can I carry it? "

"What can't you do if you eat the" double grabbing "?" In recent years, this sentence has been respected by many people from the countryside. He Lin is also one of them. Like many older people like the novel "Ordinary World", he is also grateful to the "double grab" he experienced when he was a teenager. The calmness of laughter, the unremitting unremitting, the warmth of the family, and the mutual response of the folks ... the bits and pieces in the "double grabbing" are deeply burned in his mind. The precious spiritual wealth inspires me to struggle all the way. No matter what difficulties encounter, you can face it with a smile.

(A "double grab" site in Nie City, Linxiang City, Hunan Province, Zhang Bingju, a large grain planner, is looking at the color of early rice.)

Are we saying goodbye to "double grabbing"?

Li Zhiqiang, 43, is a large grain planner in Ziyang District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province. This year, he planted more than 260 acres of early rice. Because of his illness, his legs and feet were inconvenient and could not get off the field. "Double grabbing" is approaching, but he is not in a hurry: "Now no better than before, I have‘ field nanny ’, and‘ double robbers ’are very easy."

The "field nanny" in Li Zhiqiang's mouth refers to the Professional Cooperative of Wangmin Agricultural Machinery in Ziyang District. This cooperative can provide "ten generations" social services such as seedling cultivation, mechanical throwing seedlings, controlling the control of seedlings, controlling control, mechanical harvesting, rice drying, storage, processing, and sales. Farmers pay service fees at a market price, and they can be a "hand shopkeeper". "After planting for more than 20 years, I never thought that the" double grabbing "can not go out of the field by himself." Li Zhiqiang lamented.

The huge changes of "double grabbing" are not limited to "do not go to the field." As the mechanization and intelligence of agricultural production have improved significantly, the level of social services has improved significantly, the organizational form of agricultural production has changed greatly, and farmers in many places have been able to calmly and easily cope with "double grabbing". "The method of homework, subject, durability, strength, etc. have changed, and the suffering of 'double grabbing' and difficulty." Shi Shaolong, chairman of the Hunan Food Economic Science and Technology Society, believes. "Double grabbing" has changed from human and animal -strength operations to mechanized operations. In the field of Deng Changfu, the three harvesters shuttled back and forth. The rice was unloaded to the transport vehicle through the pipeline, and then dried with a dryer. The rotary farming machine and the transplanting machine are ready to go not far away. Only after the harvest is completed, the cultivated land and transplant can be inserted to complete the "double grabbing". Under the leadership of various agricultural machinery, the "double grab" process is flowing, fast and efficient. "From seedling to drying, we have achieved mechanization of the entire process of rice production. Such a" double grab "is much easier." Deng Changfu said with a smile.

(In Sanfeng Temple Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province, the driver transports a car early rice from the field to the dry workshop.)

According to the recent data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop farming in my country is currently more than 72%, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of rice farming has exceeded 85%.

"Science and technology are constantly pulling the distance between us and the traditional 'double grabbing'." Luo Xiwen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at South China Agricultural University, said that in the past plowing ground, a labor force plus a cow, and a maximum of 2 acres of land a day. Nowadays, a labor force plus a rotary farming machine can easily plow more than 50 acres of land every day. Modern agricultural machinery releases huge kinetic energy, and the "double grabbing" becomes no longer in a hurry and exhaustion.

The main body of "double grabbing" has changed from a single household to a social service organization. "In the previous 'double grabbing', the whole family was dispatched together." Tangjing Yang, a large grain farmer in Heilonghu Town, Xiangyin County, recalled that children aged eight or nine must also help cut rice and bask in rice. This is not only a vivid interpretation of "farming reading" in the farming civilization, but also shows that the "double grabbing" labor volume is large.

In recent years, the main body of "double grabbing" has changed a lot. About 10 years ago, every "double grabbing", the northern "Mai Ke" went south to provide harvesting services for the south rice. The harvester on the highway was spectacular. In recent years, the main body of socialized services in the south has flourished like a mushroom.

Zhang Zhibing, deputy director of the Rural Cooperation Economic Guidance Office of the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, told reporters that as a large rice production province, there are 81,000 agricultural socialized service organizations in Hunan, and more than 5.4 million small farmers have been served. The number of farmers is 40%, and the socialized service rate of rice production in the province is close to 40%.

This proportion is higher in plain areas that facilitate mechanized operations. "At present, there are 3965 socialized service organizations in our district, with a service area of ​​850,000 mu. The social service rate of rice production in the region has reached 90%." Said Cai Lihuan, deputy head of the He Shan District, Yiyang City.

Cai Lihuan told reporters that a socialized service subject with more than 50 employees can provide about 10,000 mu of rice with socialized services, which is equivalent to the labor volume of more than 1,000 people in the traditional grain model. Because of the help of social service organizations, many farmers bid farewell to the "single -family fighting" model of "not many households, and households do their own way", and they laughed at their "wearing leather shoes and farming fields". Such a "double grabbing" is undoubtedly easier.

The labor intensity of "double grabbing" has decreased, the efficiency has been greatly improved, the cost of spending is significantly shortened, the rhythm becomes relatively easy, the social service organization helps farmers to get rid of the heavy farm work, and the traditional "double grabbing" is drifting away.

“过去搞'双抢'，累得要扒层皮，现在只要操作机器就可以了。”坐在带有空调的收割机里，邓昌富感慨，“现在种250多亩田，3台收割机，两The day was finished, and the water was flooded for 1 day, and the agricultural machinery was inserted and inserted. It could be easily completed in 10 days. "He said.

Wanhu Town is the "granary" of Huarong County. This summer, the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs made an appointment to go to Wanwan Town to carry out early rice production on July 12. As a result, it was found that the rice was harvested on the same day. As soon as I was asked, the local early rice was mature this year, and the speed of the machine was too fast. "I didn't stop the car". It was collected two days in advance.

"Double grabbing" is also affected by the weather. "In the past 'watching the sky, I couldn't work at noon, and it could not be exposed to the valley. Now the harvester can work all over the weather and dry the drying function for 24 hours." During the summer harvest, Xiong Jiaojun, a large grain family in Datong Lake District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, , Director a vehicle early rice from the field to the drying workshop.

She told reporters that Wet Valley was sold immediately, dried by the machine, without having to dry the sky anymore. "Don't worry about the lack of drying the field, don't worry about sudden rain,‘ double robbers ’no longer bare." She said.

Farewell to the basic conditions of agricultural agricultural, grain production is no longer hard work. "The atmosphere of 'double grabbing' is faded, the intensity is small, and the rhythm is soothing. To some extent, we can say that we are saying goodbye to 'double grabbing'." Shi Shaolong said.

(A drying workshop in Sanfeng Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province, a large number of early rice acquired from the field, realized it and drying.)

How to cope with the "double grabbing" era?

"The change of 'double grabbing' has reflects the transformation and upgrading of rice production in my country. Agricultural production has shifted from mainly relying on human and livestock to mainly rely on mechanical power to enter a new stage of mechanization." Luo Xiwen believes.

"The change of 'double grabbing' is a portrayal of my country's agriculture from inefficient to efficient. Compared with more than 40 years ago, the current income of the rice in Hunan was about 1/9, but the total output increased by about 60%. Technology has accelerated innovation and high -speed development of agricultural mechanization. "Shi Shaolong said. "As a farmer planting farmers, I hope that the change of 'double grabbing' should not stop, continue to move forward, continue to upgrade, and become more and more efficient and easier." Liu Jinliang, "National Grain Planting Standard", said his wish.

Chen Wensheng, Dean of the China Institute of Rural Revitalization, Hunan Normal University, said in his book "On the Transformation of Agricultural Transformation of the Great Power", in recent years, China's agricultural development mode has undergone profound and widely changed. The prominent feature is from decentralized transformation to centralized transformation, capital, capital, capital, capital, capital, capital, capital, capital With the continuous strengthening of technical elements, it has entered the stage of modern agricultural development of production information, marketization and globalization. The change of "double grabbing" is a vivid portrayal of this change.

To become more and more efficient and easier, the "double grab" and the following bottlenecks need to break through.

The first is that the level of rice production mechanization needs to be further improved. "Although the development of my country's agricultural mechanization has achieved great achievements, there are still many shortcomings. The phenomenon of 'inorganic available' and 'no good machine available' can exist in some places." In Luo Xiwen, rice production machinery is in information in information. There are different degrees of problems such as the combination of intelligence, intelligence, agronomy and agricultural machinery, which has a impact on the modernization of rice production.

"Overall, the change of 'double grabbing' in the mountainous area is not as large as the plain area, and the level of mechanization is not to keep up with," said Li Pingxiang, director of the Plant Management Office of the Hunan Provincial Agricultural and Rural Hall. The fields in the mountains are small, distributed, large, and irregular in shape. It has hindered the application of mechanical promotion. Although more and more small portable agricultural machinery has been developed and applied in recent years, the overall operational efficiency, inconvenient use, and cost more cost high.

"So far, we can see the scenes of farmers bowed in some mountainous areas to harvest rice with sickle, use the granules with a grain, and pick up the rice with a basket. Luo Xiwen said. He suggested that the development of different types of agricultural machinery should be developed to develop different types of agricultural machinery for different types of operating scale, size, different terrain, and different planting systems to further increase the promotion rate of agricultural machinery.

Secondly, the socialized service capabilities of rice production must continue to be enriched. Liang Yizhong, director of the Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Yueyang County, believes that in some areas, there is still a problem with the conflict between supply and demand of human resources, and facing the problem that farmers cannot invite people. "Social service gaps in seedlings, harvesting, drying, etc. are more prominent." Liang Yizhong suggested that more social service organizations with full -time hosting service capabilities should be cultivated, further consolidating the foundation of social service, so that farmers have the fields of farmers. Access.

The third is that the main force of grain needs to be further younger. The whole process of rice production has become a reality in some areas. "Unmanned farm" is no longer rare, but "people" are still the main body of rice production. Mechanicals need people to operate, seedling and other links require a lot of labor. "Every year, the people who are busy in farmers are in their average age to 60 years old." Deng Changfu said.

During the "double grabbing" period this year, the three harvesters roar the operation of Zhang Bingju, Zhang Bingju, Linxiang City, Hunan Province. In the closed cockpit, the air conditioner was displayed as 27 degrees Celsius. To a drop of sweat. "The same harvester, more than 10,000 yuan with air -conditioning, but I have to buy it, otherwise it will not attract young people." Zhang Bingju told reporters that when the recruitment machine hand, he "packed tickets" with young people "packed" tickets " ——In the harvester, there is no mud on your feet, and there is no sweat on your body.

"The technology content of grain growing is getting higher and higher, and agricultural machinery equipment is becoming more and more intelligent and precise. More young people need to join." Zhang Bingju said.

The fourth is that the infrastructure construction of rice planting needs to continue to be improved. Some fields are irregular, and the irrigation facilities are not perfect, which will affect mechanical cultivation, land transfer, scale planting, and improvement of efficiency. "It is necessary to encourage the construction of farmland renovation and high standard farmland construction. Through short -term changes, curves, and tied slopes, small plots are integrated into large -scale large plots to improve mechanical operations efficiency, improve confidences such as irrigation, machine farming roads and other supporting facilities Construction is convenient for land transfer, promoting large -scale operations, and modern cultivation. "You Tao, director of the Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Nanxian County, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, suggested.

"In short, 'double grabbing' is an important symbol of rice production in my country. In the context of the country's high importance to grain safety and repeated demand for stable double -season rice area, how to make 'double grabs' more efficient and relaxed, help farmers breeding farmers cut capital reduction Increasing income and increasing the enthusiasm of grain planting is a topic worth paying attention to. "Shi Shaolong said.

(In a drying workshop in Sanfeng Town, Huarong County, Hunan Province, the staff is going to dry up a car with a machine with a machine.)

Reporter's note

"Double grabbing" is no longer so "grabbing"

Xinhua Daily Telecom reporter Zhou Nan

From the tension, lengthy, hardship to relatively easy, fast, and efficient, the "double grabbing", known as the most heavy farmers in the southern farmers, has undergone tremendous changes in recent years. Agricultural experts interviewed believed that my country's agricultural development has shifted from the investment of dependence resources to innovation, and gradually embark on the road of connotative modern agricultural development. We don't have to "grab" as in the past. We are gradually staying away from the traditional "double grabbing".

Behind the "double grabbing" is that the level of mechanization of agricultural production in my country has continued to improve, and agricultural technology has made great progress. The latest statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs show that the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology has reached 61%, and technology has become the most important driving force for our agricultural and rural economic growth. Through the continuous promotion of mechanization of production, the comprehensive mechanization rates of the three major grain crops of wheat, corn, and rice were more than 97%, 90%, and 85%, respectively. It is through the powerful kinetic energy given by technology that farmers from "do not know the heat, but the summer is long", and can sit in a harvester with air -conditioning and wear leather shoes. Behind the "double grabbing" is the innovation of my country's agricultural production organization. Data show that in the past ten years, the socialization of food production services in my country has been accelerated, and advanced applicable varieties of technology, equipment and organization forms are introduced into small farmers, cultivating more than 950,000 agricultural social organizations, with a service area of ​​nearly 1.7 billion acres. The service drives small farmers to small farmers More than 78 million households. Through the socialization of food production services and the strong support of production, the "double grabbing" no longer rely entirely on the labor intensity to pay, and gradually becomes efficient and relaxed.

Behind the "double grabbing" is the party's central government's continued attention to the work of "agriculture and rural areas". The Central Document No. 1 has focused on the "agriculture, rural areas" for nineteen consecutive years. For the agricultural mechanization that directly promote the "double grabbing", it is inseparable from the continuous incentives and guidance of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy. As the largest province of double -season rice area, Hunan Province has given strong subsidies to the newly launched orderly seedlings and double -season rice production in recent years. Zeng Yuehua, a large grain farmer in Liluo Town, Liluo City, told reporters: "The orderly seedlings of 140,000 yuan, subsidies at all levels are added together to reach about 80,000 yuan, and each subsidy of 25 yuan for organic seedlings for seedling seedlings is 2.5 yuan. The strength of various subsidies has greatly enhanced our enthusiasm. "

However, as the food and agricultural cadres reflected, the "double grabbing" still faces the challenge of continuing transformation and upgrading. Whether it is the improvement of the level of agricultural machinery R & D and manufacturing, the continuous improvement of the form of agricultural production organizations, or the continued optimization of the policy of benefiting farmers and agriculture, there are still many tasks to do. Only by focusing on the current difficulties in the field of grain production and circulation, and the hopes of the needs of the main body of grains can we promote the better transformation of "double grabbing".

Source: Xinhua Daily Telecom

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