Efficient promotion of the reform of the multilateral trading system

In today's world, the global political and economic pattern is still in a period of great change. The "anti -globalization" trend of thoughts and forces have continued to spread. The game of various countries around resources, markets, rules, and standards has become increasingly fierce. Core proposition. The current multilateral trading system reflects the hegemony of developed economies such as the United States, which is not enough to cope with various problems that occur in the further development of global division of labor and multilateral trade.

Theoretically, the multilateral trading system as an international public item not only has non -competitive and non -discharge of consumption, but also affects the boundaries of national, regional or national groups, and widely covers developed countries and developing countries, big countries, and small countries. Therefore, the supply of multilateral trade systems high depends on mutual cooperation between countries. The international cooperation of efficiently promoting the multilateral trading system has reached a consensus on "the predicament of collective action" between 164 WTO members. At present, the more realistic and feasible approach is to learn from the operation experience of international organizations such as the United Nations Security Council, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and form the "core management" and the corresponding decision -making institutions composed of large powers among WTO members as soon as possible, which helps to help Cracking the dilemma facing the reform of the multilateral trade system, providing feasible paths for the implementation of independent governance in the international trade field.

Expand the supply scale of the multilateral trading system

At present, the regional free trade agreement in global trade is in the ascendant. In contrast, global trade rules can save a large number of organizational costs brought by a large number of decentralized negotiations and improve international trade efficiency. Although the Dharma -turn negotiations are unreasonable, striving to maintain the multilateral trading system with WTO as the core has become the consensus of each member. As the two major economies in the world, the United States and China constitute the main supplier and builder of the international public goods of the multilateral trading system, and must be widely concerned about the interests of the major emerging economies. Great country cooperation, especially Sino -US cooperation, is a key means to expand the supply scale of the multilateral trade system.

Improve the supply efficiency of the multilateral trading system

In the context of the diversified global power pattern, WTO provides a low efficiency of global trade rules, and it is urgent to reform the decision mechanism of the WTO. For issues with large controversy, you can consider adopting a "key majority" negotiation method to measure the degree of agreement with "trade share" instead of "number of members". The open interests brought by the agreement benefit all members. At present, the "key majority" negotiation model usually takes 90%of the trade share as the benchmark for achieving the best trade governance effect. In essence, the "key majority" negotiation is a model for cooperation in a certain industry or field. Of course, in the process, the situation of negotiating issues should be selected and dominated by the developed countries, expanded the participation in the development of large powers in the "big country cooperation", and promoted the issues of negotiating issues to the areas of textiles, clothing, agricultural products and other fields that developing countries are concerned about , Properly reduce the "key majority" ratio settings.

Optimize the supply model of multilateral trading system

In the eight -wheeled multilateral negotiations of GATT/WTO, the supply of international trade rules is highly dependent on the "single hegemony model" and is mainly led by developed countries such as the United States. Since the 1990s, the supply model of international trade rules has undergone important changes. The dominance of the United States in the WTO has declined, but it still has a dominant position in many regional free trade agreements; Mexico, Chile and other developing countries and ASEAN have signed regionally with many countries with their geopolitical influence and economic impact. The free trade agreement; some countries still have competition in the supply of public goods in relevant regions. To this end, advocating the cooperation between large powers, especially developed powers, and developed powers, will help eliminate the "erosion" of the regional trade system to the multilateral trading system, and use international cooperation and take into account the public items supply model of all parties. Effectively overcome the negative effects of the power supply model. When conditions and timing are mature, the WTO can consider promoting and applied to the effective regional trading system to the multilateral trading system.

The interests of members of the multilateral trading system

In the future, the direction of the reform of the multilateral trading system is to take into account the interests of each member. In the traditional way, trade -level trade means such as reducing the level of tariffs in each member and cutting non -tariff barriers to create organization rent should be better allocated. The results of the WTO reform benefit each member. In this sense, the interests of members who balance the multilateral trade system have become an important factor in whether the reform of the multilateral trading system can be steadily advanced. Among them, as the role of the interests of all parties in the negotiating parties, the development of the big country and the emerging powers is very promising in balanced the interests of all parties, ensuring the final negotiation results, the realization of the interests of the interests, and the balance of north and south. The development of large powers actively participated in the negotiations of the multilateral trade system, and effectively checks and balanced the hegemonic thinking and unilateralist measures. It is of great practical significance to take out a practical reform plan for both efficiency and fair multilateral trading system. Therefore, the cooperation between large powers, especially developed powers, and developed powers, is the core measure to balance the interests of members of the multilateral trading system.

In the future, the direction of the development of the multilateral trade system, the selection of reform issues, the reform schedule, and the results of the reform should be gradually reached consensus under the premise of equal communication and mutual respect. Considering the differences in reform issues and the demands of reform of the WTO members, in order to improve the efficiency of consultation and avoid a small number of developed countries' leading decision -making mechanisms, the process of consultation and negotiations should ensure that some members of the developing members, especially the development of the major countries, participated in the joint participation Essence It is necessary to fully consider factors such as membership representativeness, transparency of decision -making, and trade influence, and establish a core member decision -making mechanism representing the global public interest as soon as possible. The trade country must balance the relationship between the interests of the state and the global trade, and conduct cooperation negotiations around the reform of the multilateral trade system, and reach a "game balance" of reform between developed countries and developing countries. In particular, the developed economy must take the lead in compliance with the new rules of the multilateral trading system that has been reached, which helps to form a "demonstration effect" of other members, so as to promote and implement the new rules within a larger scale, and truly form a new multilateral multilateral side Trade system. (This article is the general project of the National Social Science Fund "Multilateral Trade System Reform and Research on China Plan" (20BJY194) in the "Great Power Cooperation Scenery" (20bjy194))

(Author unit: School of International Economics and Trade, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Yang Qinglong

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