In the hukou of first -tier cities, young people are becoming more and more rare?

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Wu Suwen 丨 Guangdong report

In the traditional concept of the Chinese, the hukou is determined, and the work of hard work in the city has a sense of belonging. One head holds the needs of personal and family, and the other end affects the gathering of urban elements.

In recent years, the "grabbing" war between second- and third -tier cities has risen. Now that the first -tier cities can not help but settle in the entrance.

The threshold for settlement in Guangzhou

Since the beginning of this year, the Guangzhou settlement policy adjustment action has been frequent.

On June 8th, Guangzhou announced the "Administrative Measures for the Integration System of Guangzhou City (Draft for Public Soliciting Opinions)", and it was planned to revise and improve the application conditions, index systems and ranking rules of the integration system. Among them, the score of the new indicator system is reduced, and the points project indicators are reduced, and the points of the integration system will be further expanded, and the threshold is appropriately reduced.

The "Implementation Rules for the Administrative Measures for the Import Talent of Guangzhou in Guangzhou" issued on July 7, the social security participation period of full -time undergraduates, intermediate professional personnel and other employees was canceled. According to the regulations, all -time undergraduates need to pay for half a year of social security.

On August 17th, the "14th Five -Year Plan for the City of the Government of Guangfo" was officially issued, proposed that Guangzhou and Foshan City will deepen the reform of the household registration system, adjust and improve the settlement policy, let go of the restrictions on settlement, explore the number of household registration access periods The same urbanization has accumulated mutual recognition and trial to register the household registration system with frequent residence. This measure will further break the restrictions on talent flow between the two places and enhance the economic and population carrying capacity in the Guangfo area.

The adjustment of this series of changes is actually mentioned in the "Guangdong New Urbanization Plan (2021-2035)" issued in December 2021.

The plan is clear, adjusted and improved the settlement policies of two large cities in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, established and improved the annual growth mechanism of the annual indicators of points settlement, and timely adjust the settlement indicators of ordinary groups such as nursing staff, sanitation workers, and technical workers who have special contributions to the society; Streamlining the settlement of the points projects to ensure that social insurance payments and residential period scores account for the main proportion; encourage the cancellation of the annual settlement quota restrictions, and encourage the central urban area and the new area of ​​the suburbs to adopt differentiated settlement policies.

Earlier, Guangzhou also proposed that college degree can be settled in 7 districts. The "Guangzhou City Differential Entering Migration Measures for Migration (Public Consultation Draft)" announced in December 2020 proposed that in Guangzhou Baiyun, Huangpu, Huadu, Panyu, Nansha, Conghua, and Zengcheng, all colleges and colleges, all colleges and colleges The above -mentioned educated and full -time technical school staff, as long as you are under 28 years old, you can settle in social security for one year. But this management method has not yet landed.

In addition, in May 2021, Guangzhou issued the "Guangzhou (District) Implementation Plan for the Guangqing Joint Zone of the National Urban and Rural Integration Development Pilot Zone". The plan mentioned that in order to reform the test of the reform test, the Huadu District, Conghua District, and Zengcheng District further optimized the entry conditions, reducing the threshold for urban settlement, constructing a classification and elastic settlement mechanism, adhering to the principle of preferred stock, and gradually canceling the restrictions on the settlement of key groups.

However, the Guangzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission said that the settlement policy mentioned in the plan this year has not been implemented.

The first -tier cities are going to grab people?

In addition to Guangzhou and Shanghai's twice in June, the threshold for settlement has also aroused external attention.

On June 28, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and other four departments jointly issued the "Notice on Doing a good job in doing a good job in 2022 non -Shanghai student graduates from ordinary colleges and universities to employment in Shanghai", and proposed that the basic conditions in Shanghai and colleges and universities that meet the basic conditions are in accordance with the basic conditions. Graduates can settle directly without scores.

On June 7, Shanghai issued the "Notice on Assisting Special Support Measures for the Implementation of Talent Support for the Implementation of Talent". time requirement.

Guangzhou and Shanghai have released friendly signals. The first -tier cities will start to "grab people"?

Dong Yuqun, Secretary of the Party Committee and Dean of the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Population Development, told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly": "In first -tier cities, they welcomed foreigners to local employment and settlement, showing some 'grabbing people' Features. You can look at the rationality of this phenomenon from two aspects: First, as the level of urban population governance has improved significantly, it can accommodate a certain scale of population; second, to promote the high -quality development of cities and maintain the vitality of the city, it is necessary Maintain a certain scale. "

For a long time, the resources and opportunities of first -tier cities have natural attractions to young people. However, the high cost of living, coupled with the rise of second- and third -tier cities, frequent talent policies in talent, and epidemic conditions, the voice of "escape from Beishangguangshen" resurrection. The labor population of some coastal cities has gradually returned and began to face labor shortages.

The population attraction in second -tier cities has increased day by day. According to the data of the local Statistics Bureau, in 2021, the permanent population in Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Xi'an increased by more than 200,000 compared with 2020, while the population increase in Beishang, Guangzhou and Shenzhen in 2021 increased up to more than 120,000 people.

Among them, Shanghai's permanent population in 2021 was 24.8943 million. The birth of the permanent residence was 116,000 throughout the year, with a birth rate of 4.6 ‰; the death population was 139,000, and the mortality rate was 5.59 ‰. The natural growth rate of the resident population is -0.92 ‰, and the population presents negative growth. The average life expectancy of the city's household registration is 84.11 years old, and the problem of aging population is prominent. Guangzhou's population growth momentum has become increasingly insufficient. According to the seventh national census data, as of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Guangzhou City was 18.666 million. Compared with the sixth national census in 2010, the resident population increased by 5.9758 million in ten years. The average increase of about 600,000 people. According to data from the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics, at the end of 2021, Guangzhou's permanent population was 18.806 million, an increase of only 70,300 people compared with the end of 2020, and was far from the average increase of 600,000 people.

"Through this set of numbers, it can be found that large cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large population have the actual needs of open arms and lowering their figures to accept the population of foreign populations." Dong Yu said.

In the view of the former deputy dean and researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, the relaxation of the settlement is essentially to inject "fresh blood" into the city. Essence

He Jianhua told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly": "The first -tier cities now have future anxiety. If there is no percentage of fresh blood injection each year, and at the same time, it is quickly entered into age. ', Or insufficient momentum, momentum and potential of future development, Guangzhou and Shanghai began to recognize. "

How attractive to young people to young people?

Household registration is not only related to buying a house, but also involves all aspects of urban life such as children's education, medical care, and service policies. In a Weibo voting at the end of 2020, 56,000 votes of 89,000 netizens believed that first -tier cities' hukou "important, education, medical care and other resources in first -tier cities" accounted for about 63%.

Recently, in two hot search topics about first -tier cities (#近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 近 directly#), some people feel "uncomfortable", but on the contrary There is also a lot of sound: "If you do n’t get married or have a baby, I’ m not interested in liberalization. I plan to buy a car out in the future. ” The market is taken. "... Young people seem to be so attached to the hukou of first -tier cities.

"Compared with other cities, there are basically no restrictions on the settlement of undergraduates. The threshold for Shanghai is still quite high. Generally, the way to transfer households or talents introduced. I have been in Shanghai for 5 years. After 3 years, I got a hukou in Shanghai. Most of my friends around me wanted to settle, and the attitude of single or love was quite indifferent. "A" Shanghai Drifting "from Shandong told the reporter of" China Economic Weekly "reporter. Essence

A doctoral student in Shanghai's "double first -class" college told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly": "Shanghai is too rolled, I think it is difficult to integrate into Shanghai life. I have a good living conditions in my hometown. The idea of ​​working hard in a larger city. So even if it is restricted to let go, it is not interested. "

He Jianhua expressed his understanding of these ideas: "It is becoming more and more difficult to attract young people with hukou. Now the gold content of the hukou in first -tier cities has decreased year by year. , Public resource allocation, rich literary and artistic life, etc. If you live here very hard, and even say that "no marriage infertility guarantee safe", what should I do? "

"Relative to the past, the relationship between the hukou and people's lives is no longer as tight and closely as before." Dong Yu said, "But the reform of the household registration management system is not to be managed by the household registration, but through the implementation of regular residence registration The reform of the household registration system further establishes and improves the population service system that covers the life cycle, provides more convenient and high -efficiency comprehensive population services to help them solve practical problems. "

When the "post -90s" of the year of enters, the "post -90s" considers their business, and the "post -95s" and "post -00s" have become the main force of population flow. They value the cost -effectiveness of life when choosing a city. In order to attract these people, statistics have stated that more than 90 cities have proposed to build young development cities.

According to a report jointly released by the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in June this year, in the first -tier cities, only Guangzhou squeezed into the TOP20 of the popular livable city, ranking 17th.

So, in addition to hukou, what should first -tier cities increase attraction to young people?

He Jianhua believes that there must be three elements: first, the employment space, there are innovative industrial formats adsorbing young people; the other is income that matches the cost of living and technical capabilities; the third is to reduce the comprehensive cost and improve the living facilities needed by young people. "The most basic evaluation criteria for youth -friendly cities is whether a person can fight alone in this city, whether it can meet the most basic life needs, and realize professional ideals and life dreams."

Dong Yu replenished the Taoism, and it is necessary to establish and improve the housing policy and measures supporting the reform of the household registration system, reduce the housing pressure of young people, and allow more young people to live.It is necessary to build a improvement of the inclusive care service system, including public service facilities such as nursery, kindergarten, and mother and infant rooms, and continuously improve the level of inclusive care services.Provide more public services and social security for urban life in urban life, and promote the comprehensive and healthy development of nursery age groups.Responsible editor | Yang Lin

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