Xinjiang sand dates double value

The 8th company of the First Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was put in the bee to collect sand jujube nectar (photographed on May 9). In May each year, the natural wild sand jujube trees in the upstream of the Tarim River bloom one after another, attracting beekeeping people inside and outside the country. Photo by Sun Guoquan

Reporter Kang Yanyan

Sand dates are no stranger to Xinjiang people. Every spring, the countryside is always floating with the unique and fragrant fragrance of sand dates. smell. Today, with the scientific selection and cultivation, the jujube, known as the "Xinjiang Three Treasures", has glowed with new vitality.

Recently, the first batch of new plant rights of plant varieties announced by the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau in 2022, and the six new types of Sand Jujube selected by the Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences were selected. The right of forests in the autonomous region is planned to promote planting throughout the Xinjiang, and rely on good varieties for large -scale planting, develop deep processing industrial chain, and achieve a new situation of "three win" situations in ecological, economic and social benefits.

Buried the head of the country to find new ideas

Folklores, Xiangfei loved to eat sand dates from an early age, so she was fragrant. At present, the jujube trees retained in Xinjiang were planted in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the farmland side, the roadside, the two sides, and even the front and the front houses were seen everywhere. So far, sand dates in many places have maintained vitality.

"In Xinjiang, dates are usually planted in a typical harsh ecological environment such as saline -alkali and sand source because of extremely anti -drought, salt -resistant, and barren. Wherever there is a sand dates. "Luo Qinghong, a researcher at the Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, said that the branches of the jujube trees are densely dense and developed, and the root system has a strong wind and sand. Important role.

In 2005, the Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science and Technology Sand Dates Research Team raised a question in the direction of good breeding breeding: "Can the forests on ecological benefits, can they develop more economic benefits?" Essence Local "local tree species" can avoid the problem of dissatisfaction with soil and water, and after a long -term farm -cultivated variant, large fruit and sand dates not only have the ability of ordinary dates to resist soil salt, drought, and wind -resistant. Well, with rich nutritional ingredients and medicinal value, and has greater potential for commercialization value.

The young people who had listened to "Send You A Duzabu Flower" came to the branch to block the sandy dates to block the wind sand. These jujube trees have gradually formed rich variety resources in the passage of years. In fact, the people of all ethnic groups in southern Xinjiang have still retained the habit of spontaneously planted large fruit and sand dates. Each year when the jujube mature season, the elderly and family members of Gada Liang Township, Abutus will make sand jujube juice, Sand dates; in the villages with many planting, the fruits will be made after being collected and used for winemaking. The big fruit sand dates are also known as "wooden grain".

However, due to scattered distribution, incomplete scale, and negligence for many years, the preservation rate of large fruit and sand dates is not high. In recent years, some large fruit sand dates have been planted in various places, but the area is generally not large and the varieties are chaotic. In addition, the jujube trees are mainly used as ecological protective forests. They are not managed according to the economic forest model. The level is not high.

If you want to dig new value from the scattered "barbaric growth", resource survey is the first step. After the Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science and Technology Sand Jujube Research Team investigated many times in the Sand Jujube Resources in the four places in the southern Xinjiang, it was found that the total area of ​​the fruit sand dates forest in Xinjiang Da (Central) was about 38,000 hectares. It is mainly distributed in the upstream of the Tarim River in the southern Xinjiang, the Yeerqian River and the Kashgar River Basin; there are sporadic distribution in the Manas River Basin in Northern Xinjiang, with a small area.

Due to the focus of planting forest construction models, there is a large gap between the requirements of large fruit and sand dates from the economic forest cultivation management, and the output is generally 70 kg/mu. In 2019, the whole Xinjiang market acquired about 1,000 tons of dried jujube fruit, with a total income of only more than 2 million yuan. While the ecological benefits were better played, economic benefits were relatively lagging behind.

New species of tranquility

From 2005 to the present, the footprint of the sand dates research team of the Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences has traveled almost all counties and cities in southern Xinjiang. On the basis of resource survey, the team started from scientific research. , R & D, market guidance, and industrial chain development of high -yield cultivation technology to overcome difficulties. The purpose is to promote the road of "famous, excellent, and special" development.

In the first step of breeding for breeding, the team has selected a good type of comprehensive performance from the existing types of quality resources, and posted a "ID card" to different characteristics of sand jujube trees. "Many jujube trees grow on the edge of the desert and barren ravine with harsh environment. In order to collect more resources as much as possible, we often need to inquire with the fellows everywhere and go to the wilderness step by step." Luo Qinghong said.

Once, they heard from the herdsmen in Chaha Township, Celle County that when she let go of sheep, she had seen two large fruit sand jujube trees in a ravine. The team drove in the morning, and found it on the rugged road for a few hours under the scorching sun. When marking the "ID card" on the old -dry tree, the group forgot the hardships, leaving only the joy. Perseverance searches and saved multiple varieties. "Jinsha" with golden luster, when he was discovered in Hoshlav, Shache County, there were only three or four decisive growth of unmanned managed; When the salt -alkali reed beach was discovered, it was on the verge of death ... For more than 10 years, the Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences relied on the survey of Daiguo Sand Jujube resource survey, excellent variety selection, cultivation and breeding technology research and development, etc. The project obtained nearly 50 copies of large fruit and sand dates in the four places in the southern Xinjiang. According to the solid color, fruit shape, fruit length, weight, fruit taste, degree of disease, leaves, nucleus and other indicators of jujube fruit, establish a comprehensive evaluation system for high yield, anti -inverse, fruit commodity and other indicators. , Expansion and new varieties promotion demonstration work.

The flower language of dates and flowers has the meaning of "tough and tenacious" and "waiting for watching". This year, the team screened the red jade, Yafeng, Jinsha, Baisha sweet, red bell, and the Golden Queen of the team. They were selected as the first batch of new plant rights lists in 2022 announced by the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The new variety of large fruit sand dates is applying for the right of forests in the autonomous region, in order to promote it in Xinjiang.

In the high temperature weather in July, after the planting of the Forest Farm at the Plain Forest Farm at Kizilu Sukirkiz Autonomous Prefecture, Luo Qinghong returned to Urumqi at the end of the month. "We have established the first northwest of the northwest of the new and best varieties of the big fruits, sand dates, and the expansion test demonstration base. After several years of scientific cultivation, the nursery grows good." Laughing and saying that the new and excellent varieties found over the years are inserting branches in spring, making seedlings in autumn, and three years of results, and now finally show the lush vitality.

The goal "Three Wins" opened a new game

At present, in the demonstration base of the cultivation and expansion test demonstration base of Daogu Sand Jujube, there are 10 acres of gifted garden, 50 acres of orchard -style high -yield cultivation demonstration parks, 100 acres of ecological economy, and 800,000 seedlings annual production seedlings. Hundred acres of seedlings breeding gardens. New superior varieties and planting cultivation related technologies of Daoguo Sand Dates have been promoted more than 40,000 acres in Kizhou, Kashgar region, Aksu area, and Bayin Guo Leng Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture. 28,000 mu. Compared with the "free -range" dates of the sand jujube forest, only 70 kg per mu. After the giant fruit and sand dates under intensive management conditions enter the fruit period, the fruit yield per mu can reach 200-350 kg, and the retail price of the market will be 30-40 yuan/ Kg of kg is calculated, the per mu can reach 6000-14,000 yuan.

In May each year, the jujube flowers are splendid, and the fragrant floats are ten miles; from September to November, gold, red, and white big fruits are full of branches, seductive taste with unique sweet and sour mouth. Over the years, the processing and utilization of the fruits of the fruits of the fruits is mainly to sell dried fruits. As an important medicinal plant in the pharmaceutical record, the large fruit and sand dates actually have a greater industrial development and utilization prospect.

In the laboratory of the Xinjiang Academy of Forest Sciences' sand dates research team, it has mature technologies for processing and production of series of products such as jujube juice juice, dates cakes, dates and vinegar. The production of jujube leisure food, fast food and other products has begun to take shape.

"Sand dates are all treasures, fruits, branches, leaves, pollen, and wood are widely used." Luo Qinghong said that in addition to the processing of sand dates in the same source of medicine and food, the feed products made of dates. It contains protein and is widely welcomed by farmers and herdsmen; dates have a health care function and gradually open sales in some areas; the extraction and experimental research of large fruits and sand jujube anti -diarrhea functional components in the medical field have also been promoted in an orderly manner.

The bright prospects of dates have attracted much attention in recent years. In 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau and 10 departments issued by 10 departments such as scientific use of forestry resources to promote the high -quality development of wood and oil and the high -quality economic development of the forests "pointed out that the promotion of sand dates in sandy land in the Northwest , Seabuckthorn and other sandy wood and oil tree species, continuously increase the potential and scale of wood and oil production. In the same year, Liu Dongsheng, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and deputy director of the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau, suggested that the dates projects were included in the "14th Five -Year Plan" major energy engineering project and developed the dates industry with biological energy as the main product.

In Luo Qinghong's project promotion plan, after the application of good breeding and expansion, the application of high -efficiency cultivation technology, and large -scale planting in the selection and expansion of the breeding breeding, the large fruit and sand dates will provide sufficient raw materials for the industrial chain. Luo Qinghong believes that in addition to bringing wind -proof sand and protecting the environment, the industrial chain extension can also drive the majority of farmers to increase their income through the industrial chain extension. More employment, enhance social benefits, and finally realize the prospect of "three win".

Reporter's note

Digging new value of local resources

Kang Yanyan

The branches are not stunning, and the flowers are not gorgeous, and the fruit is not as sweet as red jujube walnuts. In Xinjiang, sand dates are a kind of ordinary tree species, which is generally impressed by people.

Even though Chinese medicine and medicine have long recorded the effect of dating and spleen, even if there are people's generations passed on rough processing sand dates noodles as cakes as food, its maximum value seems to be with the tenacious vitality of salt -alkali and drought resistance. Windstroke and sand. Today, in the hands of the scientific research team, dates finally show the new value of benefiting people.

Xinjiang scientific researchers have worked unremittingly. For more than 10 years, they have used scientific methods to screen and cultivate new products from the research results covering the entire Xinjiang, and continue to invest in project funding systems to promote high -efficiency cultivation technology. It is this scientific research force that has made the past "release" jujube forest planting at the beginning of the scale, and acres of income among high -efficiency economy forests. Originally ordinary or even endangered tree species resources glowed with new vitality.

Nowadays, the expanding dates planting areas in various places condense scientific research wisdom, indicating that the people increase their income, which also represents the broader prospects of the sand dates. We have reason to believe that under the guidance of scientific research forces, the three functions of protecting the environment, promoting income, and driving employment must be able to achieve benign interaction.

Xinjiang is vast and rich in species. How to dig more new values ​​from the usual resources and how to make Xinjiang's characteristic resources more competitive in marketization. The jujube trees "double their value" through scientific research methods or a way to learn from.

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