[Grand "Grain" strategy] Guizhou: science and technology breeding, grasping the "core" of the agricultural modern species industry

Seeds are the "chip" of agriculture. They are related to the safety of Chinese people, and they play a basic role in modernization of agriculture.

This year's Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Innovation and Science and Technology Awards Conference proposed that during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period, the province's scientific and technological innovation application must work hard to do "ten major events", and the revitalization of the seed industry is one of them.

Guizhou focuses on initially constructing gear resources and technology co -construction sharing platforms. By the end of the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan", more than 50 new varieties of autonomous intellectual property crops have been cultivated, and breakthroughs in zero breeding of livestock and poultry.

Choose breeding and selection

In the test field, different colors of rice discharge neatly

Purple, yellow, green, white, different colors of rice are neatly discharged and reflected in each other. Under the drizzle, fresh and tender rice seedlings are rejuvenated ...

On May 23, the reporter came to the Institute of Rice of the Institute of Rice of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guizhou Province. Director Zhu Susong introduced that the experimental field is being selected for the selection of new varieties of excellent rice.

"The rice planting area of ​​rice is about 10 million mu, accounting for nearly 24%of the total grain sowing area, the output is about 4.3 million tons, accounting for about 40%of the total grain output. Important influence. "Zhu Sulong said that the cultivation of excellent new varieties of rice has caused rice varieties from high stalks to short stalks to the application of hybrid rice, which has promoted the improvement of rice yields and effectively ensured food safety.

Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute is analyzing and testing rice genes

With the improvement of people's living standards, the new high -quality high -yield rice varieties with high quality, high -yield, and environmentally friendly quality of high -quality, high yield, and environmental friendship can meet the needs of different consumer groups and rice products, increase the income of planting farmers and extend the rice industry chain chain of the rice industry chain Essence

Today, Guizhou has become one of the largest hybrid rice breed bases in the country. Cen Gong County has become a national -level base of hybrid rice breeds. There are about 50 varieties in our province every year. The national standard first -level hybrid rice variety T Xiangyou 557 and other 20 high -quality rice varieties, the seeds are not in short supply.

Experimental staff is testing rice seedlings

"Guizhou corn breeding began in the 1970s. It has experienced a replacement of single -spike selection method, hybrid selection system between varieties, local varieties separation, second ring system separation selection, and modern molecular biological auxiliary selection. 16. Guidan No. 8, Xinghuang List 89-2 and other columns of influential corn hybrids have made important contributions to the development of Guizhou's grain industry. "Wu Xun, deputy director of the Institute of Dror Grain of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

The province's 400 -meter to 2,900 meters of elevation gap, the ecological environment is complex and varied, the diseased and insect pests have regional differences, and the demand for varieties is constantly changing. Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Dror Grain Research Institute and Enterprises in the Provincial and Foreign and Expressions of the Provincial and Foreign and abroad to introduce tropical corn germplasm groups such as Suwan with abundant genetic diversity, strong anti -leaf disease ability, and excellent grain quality. As well as the advantages of temperate materials, it has cultivated advantageous corn hybrids suitable for low, medium and high -altitude areas.

Domestication

"Guizhou Province is one of the three major provinces and regions of my country’ s potato. It uses traditional breeding and combining molecular breeding technology to carry out scientific and technological breeding to cultivate and promote new potato varieties with adaptability and more disease resistance. Major scientific and technological innovation projects will be of great significance to Guizhou's food security, help Guizhou's agricultural industry development, and promote agricultural modernization. "Li Fei, a researcher at the Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Since 2003, he has participated in the promotion of potato varieties. Li Fei has introduced more than 50,000 potato breeding materials to establish breeding bases in Weining. The base is more than 2400 meters above sea level, and the climate is cold, which is suitable for the selection of new potato varieties.

By repeatedly testing the adaptability, high yield and disease resistance of the new potato product, and then evaluating their nutritional quality, Li Fei presided over 3 new varieties of potato anti -late disease, participated in 5 new potato varieties, introduced breed potato 4 new varieties. Among them, Guizhou taro No. 8 is the first potato variety to obtain a national non -agricultural species registration certificate. The cumulative promotion area has exceeded 200,000 acres, with an output value of 852 million yuan.

In the woods, the red support bamboo pupa breaks from the pine needle

"Science and technology breeding greatly promotes the excellent sources of stability, specificity and well -balanced selection, and play a positive role in solving the problem of long -term chaos of Gastrodia and bamboo in Guizhou." Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Academy Zhu Guosheng, deputy director of the Resources Research Institute, said that the excellent sources of breeding and cultivation technologies established by fine species and the establishment of supporting and cultivation technologies have greatly improved the output and quality of Gastrodia and Bamboo. Increased the conversion rate of bacteria.

In May 2022, the Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Sciences was officially awarded by the Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology. ; 6 excellent strains of the red custard bamboo crickets and winter crickets have been selected, and more than 100,000 acres have been promoted.

In the specimen hall of the Institute of Variety and Resources of the Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, nearly 10,000 samples of edible fungi are preserved

The reporter learned from the Provincial Department of Science and Technology that 27 major projects such as the selection and expansion of key technology research and industrialization demonstrations for the implementation of the large -scale edible bacteria and the expansion of the major technology research and expansion of Guizhou have supported 78.66 million yuan.

Establishing a breeding database

"The seed industry is an important strategic industry in the country. The quality of livestock and poultry species has important strategic significance for cultivating new varieties, protecting biodiversity, and achieving sustainable development of animal husbandry." Wu Jiahai, secretary of the party committee of the Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, introduced that San Sui Duck, San Sui Duck, San Sui Duck, Yaoshan Chicken, Guizhou painted black chickens, southeast Guizhou Xiaxiang Chicken, Pu'an Wujin Chicken, Chishui Bamboo Township Chicken and other local poultry varieties of Guizhou have the characteristics of good taste, strong local adaptability, and high resistance. Guizhou painting black chicken seedlings

In order to solve the problems of low egg production rate, slow growth rate, and high cost of feeding and development, the Institute of Research Institute establishes a variety of chicken living warehouses to identify and purify genetic stable varieties. Develop high -quality products that meet market demand and meet consumer habits.

At present, the Institute has completed the selection of 8 generations of Yaoshan Chicken, established 1,000 sets of Yaoshan Chicken selection core groups, and established 60 home systems; introduced the hidden white feather chicken and the Yaoshan chicken. It has been initially cultivated with the appearance of Yaoshan's appearance characteristics, fast growth, and good eggs.

The chicken farm established by the Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Collect the pheasant resources of Qian painting, set up the basic group of breeding, generate genetic types of groups, sort out group blood relationships, establish 30 family departments, and 1,000 sets of core population storage columns.

Formulate the Sansuya species plan, visit the survey and collect Sansuya duck type resources; build one resource field, choose more than 600 sets of Sanbo duck pure and long core groups, and establish 60 home departments; introduce Huaonn Ma ducks, conduct hybrid trials to conduct hybrid tests Native

In the laboratory, researchers are testing poultry products

"Agricultural modernization, seeds are the foundation. Seeding the industry is not simply an industry in the economics sense. It is the root cause and cornerstone of the" Chinese rice bowl ", and it is a chip that is easy to be by the 'card neck'." Shi Yonghong, deputy director of the Agricultural and Rural Division of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology.

In order to accelerate the innovation of the seed industry, since the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan", the Provincial Department of Science and Technology has focused on the key common needs of the innovation of the modern mountain characteristics of the modern mountains of Guizhou, provided a high level of scientific and technological supply, and implemented 202 science and technology projects, supporting 150 million funds Yuan. Driven by the project, the proportion of rare edible fungus self -cultivation varieties accounted for more than 90%, corn self -cultivation varieties accounted for 54%, sorghum self -cultivation varieties accounted for more than 80%, and boutique fruits such as kiwi accounted for more than 50 %, Rapeseed varieties have a good reputation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Original title: [Grand "Grain" Strategy] Guizhou: Science and technology breeding, grasping the "core" of agricultural modernization industry

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