New farmer

"Still this land. In the past, we were busy in the past, and the food we was hit was not enough for a family. Now I ca n’t eat it ourselves, and we can sell it." His father is a kind of "old handle". In recent years, he has really felt the changes in the food output of this land.

"Many years of straw coverage mode not only increases soil organic matter, improves the biological traits of the soil. Some plots have earthworms, which can reduce soil wind and rain erosion, and increase corn output by more than 10%." Chen Guojian, deputy minister of production, really felt the change of land.

Han Xiaogao team researcher of the Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, the School of Geography and Agricultural Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is watching the test field

"When I just started to implement the method of protecting the protection of black soil, I took the villagers to talk to others and pay for the agricultural machinery to give people to others. I have a lot of people who consulted. "Han Xiaozheng, a second -level researcher at the Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, the Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, really felt the changes of the villagers.

Heilongjiang Province has a typical black soil arable land area of ​​156 million mu. As a valuable agricultural strategic resource, they are the material foundation of Heilongjiang to maintain the national food security and political responsibility. In recent years, the province's agricultural and rural departments have thoroughly implemented the spirit of the important instructions of General Secretary Jinping's important speeches, adhere to the combination of control and repair, the combination of land use, land use, and land. Hard measures, effectively strengthen the protection and utilization of black land, and keep the maintenance of national food security.

Use the combination to help the black land "become fat"

"Pinch the soil and oil flowers, and the roots of chopsticks also germinate." This is the black land in the past.

Due to excessive cultivation, "the original soft black land has become a plate, not eating water, and the grain planting is like entering the‘ stuffy can ’.” Yang Haijun made an image analogy.

In Han Xiao's eyes, the current black soil is like a sub -healthy guy: "I did a lot of work and consumed a lot of physical strength, but I did n’t eat for a few days, my body was a bit ca n’t eat, and my face was thin.”

Han Xiaogao, a researcher at the Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, the School of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Since the black land is "ill", it is necessary to find the lesion and "right medicine". After years of positioning and observation test, Han Xiaogao led the team to find the cause: the migration of the black soil layer of the soil and soil loss area of ​​the Northeast Plain is the main reason for the "thinning" of the black soil layer; As a result, the return of organic substances is less, resulting in insufficient organic matter, resulting in "thinning" of black soil.

To this end, Han Xiaogao's team explored a set of "prescriptions" to control the decline of black soil organic matter -the fertile cultivation technology, and began to cooperate with the Yang Navy in 2004: While the bottom layer of the plow, it has the effect of deepening the farming layer and fertile fertilizer. Through the efficient rotation of corn and soybeans, 300 acres of corn increase production by 81.6 kg per acre, and 300 acres of soybeans increase yield per mu by 18 kg.

"I have planted the land for a lifetime, and I have never seen the" soil soil 'to plant the land under the land. I have no energy, and it must be reduced. "In the early days of the experiment, Yang Haijun's father was not optimistic about this model, but the increase in grain production and his own home The improvement of the earth's power finally let the elderly sincerely give up the thumbs up: it is really good to use this method!

Today, Heilongjiang Province has established the "Longjiang Model" and "Sanjiang Model" of Black Earth to protect the "Longjiang Model" and "Sanjiang Models", and continuously allows "giant pandas in cultivated land" through scientific and technological services, funding support, and policy leadership. robust.

"Black land is a gift of nature. We must not only use the land reasonably, but also to raise land scientifically. Only in this way can we benefit the descendants." Han Xiaosheng said.

Multiple measures and "increase green" as black land

The return of straw to the field is "strong body and health", and the amount of pesticide application of chemical fertilizers is "increased" by black land.

Drone spray

July is the critical period for crops to prevent diseases and insect pests. In the Lotus Management Zone of Junchuan Farm Co., Ltd., a self -running sprayer of Peking University Wilderness Group, a self -running sprayer is spraying corn.

"The windows system of this sprayer can prevent the drift of the medicinal solution and reduce the amount of pesticides." Zhai Hengfei, a technician of the Lotus Management Zone, said that the "green pesticide" used by the sprayer is much smaller than that of traditional pesticides. influences.

In Heilongjiang Province, the protection of black soil scientific medication fertilizer has become a consensus. Bei'an Yuxin Modern Agricultural Machinery Cooperative operates 7,000 acres of Demonstration Field of Green Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Heihe City. Wang Fugui, chairman of the cooperative, said that the cooperatives strictly control the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers during the planting process. It will be higher than the market.

"We not only scientifically apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but also mechanize the entire process of farming to further achieve the protection and utilization of black land." Wang Fugui introduced that the scale of cooperatives is 21 million yuan, agricultural machinery equipment is 54 pieces, and advanced technology and equipment allows economic benefits "Two flowers" with ecological benefits.

Heilongjiang Province strengthens the combination of agricultural machinery, and increases the comprehensive assembly, promotion and application of key technologies in divide areas, earth, and crops. Through in -depth implementation of pesticide chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency, the coverage rate of soil measurement formula fertilizer reached 90.4%, and the utilization rates of fertilizers and pesticides reached 42%and 45%, respectively. Through the establishment of a scientific rotation system, the province's cumulative number of large tractors with a total of more than 100 horsepower has reached 77,000 units, and the dry field has been loosened once every 3 years. In addition, Heilongjiang Province actively explores the development model of breeding and ecological agriculture, and launched a pilot of green seed recycling agriculture in 19 livestock counties and livestock and poultry manure resources. Hailun's professional cooperatives of farmers' farmers have effectively used farmland, silage, straw, beef beef, and cow dung to carry out ecological organic breeding to achieve a virtuous cycle of development. With their own prospects and "money". The reporter learned from the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs that the use of livestock and poultry manure resources in the province has reached 80.1%.

"Escort" black land from top to bottom

On August 1 this year, the Black Land Protection Law of the People's Republic of China was officially implemented. It is of great political responsibility to ensure the security of national food security and the protection of black soil arable land. After the Black Land Protection Law was approved, a number of black soil protection experts and scholars and grass -roots Tianchang spoke: "We have seen the better and better hope of black land!"

"my country is the first and the only country to legislate to protect black land at the national level. I am proud and proud of my can participate in it." Previously, Han Guiqing, chairman of the International Institute of Black Earth of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization Yes, his opinions and suggestions are reflected in it.

On the road to promoting the protection of black land and the protection of the rule of law, Heilongjiang Province took the lead. In September 2021, Heilongjiang Province took the lead in the nation of the country and the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government. The grid and household "5+2" seven -level Tianchang responsibility system have been established. The Tianchang of the fields at all levels will focus on the "three -in -one" goal of quantity, quality, and ecology to protect each inch of cultivated land with measures.

In addition, Heilongjiang Province focuses on the new stage of black land protection and use new requirements and new tasks. Combined with the actual situation of provincial conditions, the "Black Land Protection and Utilization Regulations" on March 1st, revised the "Heilongjiang Provincial Cultivation Land Protection Regulations" to protect Black Land Longjiang power is constantly converging.

Source: Heilongjiang Daily

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