90%of the transformation of change dependence data!International problems to be solved

Text ｜ Mei Hong (Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chairman of the CCF China Digital Economy Forum)

Today, the world is experiencing a large -scale and deep socio -economic revolution caused by the rapid development of information technology and widely used.

As a new economic form after the agricultural economy and the industrial economy, the digital economy has emerged as a new economic form. Digital transformation has become an inevitable choice for the development of human society.

In order to promote the development of the digital economy, countries are working on a refined and systematic policy and system layout. Policy attention points have expanded from the economic field to the government, society, ecological environment, and even cultural civilization. Digital infrastructure and other lower levels.

In my country, the implementation of national big data strategies, building digital China, and developing the digital economy have become national strategic choices. Digital infrastructure construction and data resources development and utilization have become the key direction of layout. Policy documents on new infrastructure, east counting and western calculations, and data exchanges have been introduced one after another. Further strategic deployment in the construction of data basic system systems is also brewing.

In June of this year, the 26th meeting of the Central Committee of the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the reform committee reviewed and approved the "Opinions on the Establishment of Data Basic System to better play the role of data elements", which is an important deployment of the establishment of the data basic system system.

At the same time, in the field of digital economy, the digital transformation of the industry has also entered the deep water area, and many "hard bones" issues need to be overcome.

At present, our understanding and understanding of some related phenomena and problems in the digital economy needs to be deepened.

For example, the status of data as a basic and strategic resource has formed a wide consensus. However, data is played as a production factor, and it is still in the exploration stage in terms of system or technology.

If you want to truly dialysis phenomenon, to overcome the new problems and new challenges in it, it is necessary to stand at the perspective of human history and global large -scale pattern. Care of orientation.

One point of consensus has formed, that is, data is the key production element in the digital age. The digital era network is fully covered, and the calculation is everywhere. The elements are widely connected, and the digitalization of all things, and then data, has become an important driving force for the improvement of the overall elements of the economy.

With the digitalization process of socioeconomic and economy, the data play has doubled effects and superposition effects, assigning the entire process of all industries of society and economy, driving the digital transformation, network reconstruction and intelligent improvement of socio -economic and economic, reflected in the digital economy and digital society. , Digital government, digital culture, digital ecological environment and other aspects.

The article "The World Top Global Trends and its Influence on Commercial, Society and Culture" released by the world -renowned consulting company FROSTSULLIVAN in 2019 is that data supports the future, and 90%of the transformation of transformation depends on the circulation of data that depends on data. and use.

The development of the digital economy is the full play of data value. The performance of data value depends on the integration and collision of multi -source (meta -) data and the sharing of data. The data can only generate value by moving and use. And the entire life cycle of data involves many stakeholders. Only by the enthusiasm of all aspects to be fully exerted and protected, can the data value be maximized.

Data becomes one of the important characteristics of the current era. Its value and significance can be seen from two perspectives: one is the perspective of the ontology, and the data itself contains a lot of information, knowledge, laws, and even wisdom. Data has become the "twin" of the digital space of other production factors, thereby achieving assignment and empowerment.

Compared with traditional production factors, data has unique characteristics, such as: non -competitiveness of data resources, high development costs, and exerting value in dynamic use, but marginal costs are decreasing effects; I can also use it, it can be replicated, shared, or can be used at the same time; the data value of the data is non -exhaustive, the data can be reused, can be combined and regenerated, and can be used forever under reasonable operation; Dataization, rapid mass accumulation, the total amount is close, and has self -reproductiveness. As a new type of production element, data elements can be dataized all other factors and promote the greater improvement of other factors' efficiency and efficiency.

According to personal understanding, the factorization of data is the process of establishing data into important production factors, and through various means to allow them to participate in social production and operation activities. Data factorization can be divided into three levels of progressive.

The first is the resource, that is, the resource attribute of the data. In the era of big data, data as basic and strategic resources has formed extensive consensus.

Data resources involve the acquisition of raw data and subsequent cleaning, processing and organization, which are the prerequisite for the release of data value.

Followed by assets, asset attributes that establish data legally. My understanding is that data should be assets that can be included in the table as real estate, products, etc., which is the foundation of elements worth guaranteed. As an asset, it is bound to involve property rights.

The economic entity, property rights is separated and flowing independence of the property rights of traditional factor, and are not completely applicable for data factors. Due to the multiple participation subjects and the complexity of the ownership, it is difficult to effectively solve the data under the existing legal system framework. Power issues.

Finally, "capital", that is, the "capital" attribute to realize the data, to make the value of the data be measured and exchanged, and it can be a product or product that can be operated. This is a way to release and create new value. At present, the circulation sharing of data is heavy, the pricing and income distribution of data can be followed without chapters, and the rainbow effects of the data platform, the monopoly behavior brings tax erosion and the order of income, which hinders the formation of the digital economy and ecology.

It should be seen that data factorization is still an international problem. It is still in the exploration stage. There are many institutional obstacles in the aspects of property rights, sharing, circulation, use, security and privacy, and facing a series of technological challenges.

The asset status of data has not yet been established. At present, there is no country that has introduced the "upper law" that clarifies the status of data assets.

The issue of data ownership has not been effectively answered. The properties of data, the subdivision of ownership, etc. are all issues of disputes and differences, and they also lack effective technical means to support the confirmation of data.

Data sharing and circulation disorders are heavy. The efficient sharing mechanism between government departments is still perfect, public data is difficult to open, high -quality and high -value data supply is insufficient, and the circulation model system needs to be improved. Cross -border flow of data in the country, the rules of international data governance still need to be improved, and lack of effective technical means to support the opening of data openness and sharing.

Data security, privacy protection and supervision issues are outstanding. For example, frequent data leaks, criminal activities such as online fraud, and serious data abuse and misuse.

Digital platforms bring data siphon, market monopoly, tax erosion and other issues, as well as ethical issues and social issues accompanying. Data security capacity building is lagging, privacy protection is difficult, and effective supervision technology lacks.

We need to realize that data factorization is a systematic project that needs to be coordinated and systematic. The construction of the data resource system is its foundation. Data factorization is still in the early days of exploration, and there is still a long way to go. The data element system is the basic guarantee for digital development. The establishment of the institutional system needs to do a good job of top -level design, and it is necessary to leave enough room for innovation and exploration.

("China Science News" reporter Ji Hongmei interview and sort out)

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"China Science News" (2022-09-01 The first edition of the original title "Data elements is still international difficulty")

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Edit | Zhao Lu

Capture | Guo Gang

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