How can the bottleneck breakthrough in the village of rural agricultural products?

Agricultural product warehousing and fresh -keeping cold chain logistics can effectively reduce postpartum loss of agricultural products. It is an important part of the industrial chain and supply chain, which is related to the daily needs of basic people's livelihood. At the same time, it is conducive to the realization of the sales season for the season, which can effectively improve the market competitiveness and industrial resistance of small farmers and new business entities. The construction of the cold chain of agricultural products is related to the "six stability" and "six guarantees", which is of great significance to maintaining a stable and healthy economic environment and the social environment of Cathay Pacific.

my country's cold chain logistics develops rapidly

In recent years, the state has continuously issued an industrial policy that encouraged the construction of cold chain infrastructure, and the policy dividend has been accelerated. In 2021, the State Council issued the "Fourteen Five -Year Plan" Cold Chain Logistics Development Plan, which is the first five -year plan for cold chain logistics, which comprehensively and systematically indicates the direction and path of my country's cold chain logistics development. In recent years, there have been a large number of industry -guided, standardized, and supporting policies. For example, in April 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs officially launched the "Agricultural Storage Storage Fresh Chain Facilities Construction" project, and supported farmers' cooperatives and family farms to build a number of Tiantou storage preservation through measures such as rewards, loan discounts, and implementation of preferential electricity prices. , Sorting and packaging, postpartum processing and other facilities. As of the end of December 2021, the project has supported the construction of about 52,000 facilities, more than 12 million tons of new library capacity, 1,800 counties (cities, districts), 7,000 townships, and 22,000 villages.

In recent years, my country's cold chain logistics market has grown rapidly. The construction of the national backbone cold chain logistics base and the cold chain facilities of the place of origin has steadily advanced, and the level of cold chain equipment has been significantly improved. The market size of my country's cold chain logistics industry increased from 110 billion yuan in 2012 to over 380 billion yuan in 2020, with a compound annual increase of 16.8 %. The cold storage library was nearly 180 million cubic meters, and the amount of refrigerated vehicles was about 287,000 units, which were about twice and 3 times the end of the "Twelfth Five -Year Plan". Innovative and upgraded logistics service model. my country's cold chain logistics service provider has gradually evolved into a integration solution for customers from a single storage or transportation delivery service. Integrated services not only efficiently and conveniently meet the needs of customers' multi -scenes, but also greatly enhance the competitiveness and bargaining ability of the enterprise. It is very helpful for cost reduction and large -scale operations. At present, my country's cold chain logistics leading enterprises have achieved integrated network integration layout, and the service extends from the place of origin to the sales area to both ends of the supply chain. The industry -leading enterprise has the construction of a production area, which is equipped with integrated production lines for pre -cold, fresh, grading, sorting, processing, packaging, packaging, and delivery. Essence

With the accelerated pace of modern life, the rapid development of the Internet, changes in the consumption habits of young groups, and the rise of new retail formats, the scale of fresh e -commerce has expanded rapidly. In the cold chain logistics value chain, fresh food accounts for nearly 90 % of the proportion of cold chain logistics. Under the influence of the rapid upgrading of the new coronary pneumonia and consumption, my country's fresh e -commerce companies have driven the rapid development of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products, transforming and upgrading, showing strong toughness and huge potential. Cold chain logistics provides foundation and support for the rapid development of the prefabricated vegetable industry. In 2021, the turnover of the dishes increased by 156 % year -on -year.

Cold chain infrastructure construction is generally insufficient

At present, the construction of the cold chain is still insufficient, the infrastructure is not in place, from the "first kilometer" of the origin to the "middle 100 meters" of the distribution center, and then to the "last mile" of the sales area. Go to the full chain. According to the data report of the "National Cold Chain Logistics Enterprise" released by the Cold League statistics, in 2021, my country's cold storage ownership reached 52.24 million tons, which can only meet the needs of less than 20 %; 143649, but the transportation rate of fruits and vegetables, meat, and aquatic products is only 35 %, 57 %, and 69 %, which is far lower than the average level of 90 % in Western developed countries. Each person is 0.037 tons, and the refrigerator is equipped with one per 10,000 people. The per capita cold chain facilities have a far lower than the United States, Japan and South Korea.

There are regional and structural imbalances in the construction of cold chain infrastructure. my country ’s cold chain logistics infrastructure still has the phenomenon of east and wests and small sales. In stock resources, old facilities are still too much, and it is urgent to upgrade and optimize configuration. Especially under the "double carbon" goal, some high -energy and low -output facilities and equipment need to be accelerated. In particular, the cold chain facilities of the rural front -end pre -cold and the port hubs are insufficient, and the cold chain logistics facilities have regional and structural imbalances in regional distribution, production and sales, and the function of warm areas.

Cold chain logistics costs are still high. At present, the biggest problem in fresh e -commerce is that the cost of logistics and warehousing is too high. According to survey data, the cost of logistics of fresh agricultural products in my country accounted for 30 % to 40 % of the total cost, and the loss rate reached 10 % to 15 %. The storage cost and the limited shelf life of fresh products. If temperature deviations occur during transportation, it is easy to cause problems such as rotten deterioration and squeezing damage. Therefore, the cost of cold chain logistics is much higher than that of ordinary express delivery, and the cost of warehousing logistics has become the biggest pain point.

There are still "broken chains" in the cold chain link. Insufficient construction of rural cold chain logistics infrastructure, transit and replacement and replacement of transit and transportation of both ends are easy to remove cold and broken chains, and the temperature control is difficult to ensure that it is always suitable for temperature, resulting in the high loss rate of "first kilometers" and "middle 100 meters in the middle" and "middle 100 meters". Essence In the warehousing transportation link, fresh fresh products generally enter the refrigerator, and then use more advanced technology to refrigerate it. The space planning is relatively weak. In large and medium -sized wholesale markets, the performance of refrigerated facilities is poor. In the "soft link" of the cold storage transfer, problems such as fresh frozen products and open -air storage and transit storage links from the cold chain often occur. In terms of distribution, because the bubble box or heating bag is basically used, and the delivery route is not perfect, it is easy to cause the cargo to be melted and deteriorated by high temperatures during the delivery. The bottleneck in the village in the village in the village of agricultural products needs to be broken urgently

Insufficient investment in rural infrastructure. At this stage, the investment layout of my country's cold chain infrastructure is relatively concentrated in first -tier and second -tier cities and coastal cities. The capacity of the cities per capita cold storage is small. The front -end pre -cold and Hong Kong station hub has insufficient cold chain facilities, less refrigerated fresh -keeping facilities, and difficult to reach refrigerated cars directly. The phenomenon of fields is more common. Moreover, the field -cooled facilities and equipment in the field often need water circuit gas houses and informatization facilities, but the construction of rural related facilities and equipment is still lagging behind. Insufficient distribution of interests in the cold chain. The investment in infrastructure construction such as agricultural e -commerce storage and cold chain requires a lot of money. The problems of small size, distribution, miscellaneous types, and difficulty supervision of agricultural business entities are prominent. The capital strength is limited, and it is difficult to withstand the high investment cost of cold chain construction. Public service platforms that can provide standardized storage and cold chain logistics for small farmers and various new types of business entities are particularly small. Because the construction of refrigerated vehicles, cold storage equipment, temperature control terminals, etc. need to invest higher costs, for a single fresh e -commerce, independent investment construction is unrealistic and not cost -effective, so cooperation between fresh e -commerce business has emerged. Or the operation method of cooperating with third parties, this involves interest distribution, including business interests and policy subsidies. In addition, the cold chain professional talents "cannot cultivate, cannot be retained", and the digitalization of industrial informatization is slowly restricting the development of the cold chain.

In the future, it is necessary to consolidate the infrastructure, realize the interconnection of infrastructure, and use digital technology to penetrate the full chain of the full chain. Talents have devoted their talents to vast world, and reasonably guide capital to invest in the cold chain of agricultural products. Consolidate the construction of infrastructure infrastructure of agricultural storage and fresh chain. Overall the use of central and local special support funds, clarify the public welfare attributes of cold chain construction, and strive to use rural revitalization funds, agricultural integration funds, and special bonds to use the cold chain construction. Focus on the main area of ​​fresh agricultural products and the advantageous area of ​​characteristic agricultural products, promote the construction of agricultural product storage and fresh cold chain logistics facilities, and accelerate the shortcomings of the cold chain logistics in the place of production. Focus on supporting the construction of warehouses and cold chain facilities such as warehouses, cold storage, and refrigerated vehicles in agricultural products. Fully do a good job of connection and strong standard construction of agricultural storage and fresh and cold chain. Combined with the construction of the backbone channel network of the national cold chain logistics, relying on the agricultural product superior production area, the important distribution center and the freight hub, the main port, the railway logistics base, and the hub airport, the cold chain logistics infrastructure planning layout is improved to improve The cold chain transportation service functions such as regional distribution, warehousing distribution and other cold chain transportation services are improved to improve the capacity of cold chain transportation support. Improve compatibility and connectivity, realize the cold chain operation in the "first kilometer" of agricultural products, and ensure that agricultural product warehousing and fresh -keeping cold chain facilities are advanced, safe, and effective. Strengthen the construction of cold chain logistics talent teams. Attach importance to and strengthen the training of professional and technical talents of cold chain, and improve the cold chain knowledge and professional skills of the person in charge of enterprises and agricultural business entities. Strengthen the training of cold chain technology business and effectively improve the professional skills of the work team. Explore the diversified cold chain technical talent training model such as order -type training and joint training, and improve the cold chain professional technology and management capabilities of the person in charge of the enterprise and the new type of business entities. Strengthen the cultivation of cold chain technical talents in professional vocational colleges, and strengthen the supply of rural cold chain technical talents.

Improve the digitalization and industrialization of cold chain industries. Starting from the source of agricultural products, agricultural products are directly loaded into standardized logistics baskets according to standardization, and facilities and equipment such as standardized standardization, video acquisition, temperature and humidity induction in accordance with standardized standardization, etc. Provide data support for macro decisions. Data tracking and monitoring is performed with IoT technology. Blockchain technology ensures that data is not tampered with in the supply chain. The agricultural products in the basket directly pre -cold and enter the production area storage and sorting. Business flow information directly connects with customers through e -commerce platforms. In the logistics system, intelligent allocation and distribution are provided by digitalization, and various resource integration is performed with the help of digital interconnection and interconnection to promote shared logistics innovation and greatly reduce logistics costs. Support the construction of digital application scenarios such as cold chain logistics full chain information, direct supply of cold chain logistics, community cold chain intelligent distribution, etc., and optimize and improve the "last mile" distribution efficiency. Construct a cold chain logistics to benefit the ecological community of farmers. Support new types of agricultural business entities to cooperate with alliances, equity investment and other methods, and cooperate in depth with cold chain logistics companies to allow the benefits of cold chain development to benefit farmers. Each participating subject should strengthen communication and promote coordination. Under the favorable favorable policies, markets, technology, finance and other parties, the cold chain economy and ecological community will be established to form a resonance effect, realize value upgrades, and promote common development. Source: Farmers Daily

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