The world's first longan lychee hybridization was born

"This is the first new variety of longan and lychee, which has a pioneering significance." A few days ago, in 2022, the new variety of high -quality longan lychee "Crispy (SZ52)" on -site observation and tasting meeting was held in Guangzhou Conghua. (The following referred to as "Guangdong Longan Innovation Team") Liu Chengming, an expert in breeding positions, introduced that "Crispy (SZ52)" has the characteristics of mature periods, great fruit, strong growth, strong cold resistance, and wide adaptability, which are more compared Great development potential.

Shi Yan Longan (mother's edition) and Zi Niang Xili Litchi (Father's End) hybrid breed "Crispy".

The advantages of the new varieties of hybrids are obvious

Longan and lychee belong to the genus Longan and lychee in classification. "Crispy" was originally called "stone purple crispy honey". It is a new variety selected by Shi Ji Longan as the mother, and the Purple Niang Xili lychee as the parent -based method. This variety has some advantages of Shijia Longan and Zi Niang Xili Litchi. Its flesh is tender and crispy, completely residue, with a sugar degree of 20-24%. Liu Chengming said.

Is this hybridity lychee or longan? Liu Chengming explained that in fact, "crispy" is still a longan variety, but its flesh is very tender, which is similar to lychee. In addition, the cracks of the "crispy" peel are obvious, and it is bumpy. This is also lychee. The characteristics of talents.

"Crispy" fruit is great and excellent, and its development potential is great.

"Crispy honey" mature 15-20 days after Shi Yan Longan, and it is generally mature in the middle and late August in Guangzhou. "The" crispy "of our orchard has matured in about 10 days, and now it has been reserved." Liu Ruibo, the person in charge of Conghua Lidin Water West Fruit Garden, grafted more than 100 "crispy". Okay, he is confident in this variety.

The "crispy" branches have a strong ability to grow, and the trees are strong. Shuixi Orchard began to graf "crispy" in March 2020, and it has begun to hang fruit last year, which is related to the growth characteristics of "crispy". According to reports, there are 7 pairs of small leaves on a compound leaves (a pair of stone longan and only 3 pairs of litchi) on a compound leaf. The small leaves are large, the total leaf area is large, and the light can use high efficiency. The ears are also large, and it is easy to achieve high -yield and stable goals.

"Crispy" another important feature is that it is more resistant to low temperature and strong cold resistance. In January 2021, Chaozhou experienced the low temperature of -3 to -4 ° C. Shi Yanlong's eyes in the same area were severely frozen. The degree of freezing damage is only level 1.

From the "crispy" of Huaolin Water West Orchard, it can be mature in about 10 days.

Continue to break through the breeding bottleneck for 15 years

Liu Chengming's team's hybrid breeding about longan and lychee is famous in the circle. At the scene of the tasting meeting, a few teachers said with emotion: "Always waiting for Teacher Liu's scientific research results, I finally eaten today!"

In fact, this work dates back to the 1990s. Liu Chengming told reporters that at that time, there was a hot spot in fruit tree education, that is, the fusion of the original body, also called the body cell hybridization, refers to the different plant, belonging, and even the native body of the plants induced the fusion through artificial methods, and then separated from separation. Physical cultivation makes it technologies for regeneration of mixed plants. This is asexual hybrid breeding. At that time, many scientific research teams were doing related work, and Liu Chengming also planned to explore on litchi and longan.

"But the result can't come out, I just want to change my mind and simply make a sexual hybrid between the two genus." He continued to test and seek technical means to get hybrid seeds. "This process is very difficult and complicated, and the success rate is only a few thousandths, but in the end we still did it," Liu Chengming said.

With the support of related technologies, the team began to choose different longan and litchi varieties for hybridization. After continuous trial and error, in 2007, it successfully obtained the first batch of mixed seedlings. These small seedlings also have the genetic material of the mother book (Shi Yan Longan) and the father's (Zi Niang Xili). Between messenger. After many years of cultivation test, it was not until 2014 that SZ52 single strains were finally selected. In 2017, the team started regional trials. At present, "crispy" has performed well at Chaozhou, Zhanjiang, Guangzhou Conghua, Qingyuan Lianzhou, Sichuan Luzhou and Chongqing Yongchuan. A few days ago, it had just passed the on -site identification of the new variety review (evaluation) of Guangdong Province.

"Breeding work is to bear loneliness." Liu Chengming said, "Looking at the varieties from scratch, it is really a very meaningful thing."

The new variety tasting will be organized by the Guangdong Longan Innovation Team. Huang Xuming, a professor at South China Agricultural University and chief expert of Guangdong Longan Innovation Team, said at the scene that the current structure of longan varieties is relatively single. In the future, the Mid -Autumn Festival can also eat Guangdong longan. He said that in recent years, the innovation team has been focusing on the selection and promotion of long -eyed new varieties. Next, it will accelerate the transformation and industrialization of the scientific research results of the seed industry.

Source: South China Rural Report

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