Nancai fast comments: multiple measures to strengthen, strengthen food safety guarantee under high temperature weather

Wang Yue (Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

Zhong Yu (Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

Recently, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued high -temperature red warnings. August and September have always been a critical period for the formation of autumn grain production in my country. Continuously high -temperature weather has challenged in some regions to ensure that autumn grain production is stable and increasing. The main countries in the northern hemisphere have generally encountered high temperature weather this year, and the UNAC Climate Change Commission predicts that rising temperature will have a negative impact on global output of wheat, rice, corn and soybeans.

The high -temperature weather duration and a wide coverage area, but specifically, the impact on food production also varies from the area. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China, rice has entered the long -term long spike period. The regenerative rice is in the real period of the flowers. Hybrid rice and precocious japonica rice enter the pregnancy period. It will affect the formation of large ears, which will reduce the strong rate. Early summer corn enters the flowering period, and suitable for field blocks are in the pregnancy period. The late -broadcast field blocks are in the large horn period. The high temperature continues to shorten the splitting time of the splitting, which affects the number and quality of the spike differentiation. Xia Soy is mostly in the flowering period, and some precocious varieties enter the flowering period. It is a critical period for output. When the temperature exceeds 36 degrees Celsius, the soybean pod rate will increase significantly.

North China and Northeast China have less radiation affected by drought. Since June, floods have emerged in local areas of Northeast China. Jilin and Liaoning provinces are more obvious. At present, corn pollination is over, entering the grouting period, and subsequent growth is still affected by light thermal conditions. The climate in the summer corn was drought in the summer corn, and it continued to dry in July, but there was a certain amount of rainfall in the local area and the corn grows good.

In addition, high temperature weather is also likely to bring more diseases and insect pests. Recently, high temperatures in many places have also caused pests and insect pests to move to high latitudes and high altitude areas, and at the same time, it also causes pests to be advanced or extended. According to the monitoring data of crop disease and insect pest monitoring networks in the country, continuous high -temperature weather superimposed rainfall may promote the breeding and relocation of pests and insect pests, which constitutes a certain risk of safe production in the middle and lower reaches of the rice area in the middle of the Yangtze River.

The whole year of food production is in autumn grain, which is currently a critical period for disaster resistance and harvest. How to "prevent drought and resist long drought" should focus on the adverse effects of active response to extreme high temperature weather in the following three aspects.

The first is to allocate financial funds in a timely manner. A few days ago, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have issued 300 million yuan in agricultural production disaster relief funds in 13 provinces and regions including Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, and Hunan. Local governments should continue to deepen the integration of agricultural funds, actively raise drought resistance, and issue fund indicators. According to the area of ​​drought in various places, timely allocate the central financial subsidy funds, accelerate the implementation of funds, clarify the scope of use of drought resistance, effectively strengthen the supervision of the use of funds, support the guidance of the construction of drought -resistant emergency water sources, emergency restoration of drought resistance facilities to improve drought resistance guarantee ability. At the same time, the evaluation and application of drought resistance should also be strengthened, and the management mechanism of "spending money must be effective and ineffective" to ensure the efficiency of drought resistance.

The second is to closely monitor the drought. Strengthen the agricultural sector to communicate with meteors, emergency, water conservancy and other departments, pay close attention to high temperature weather dynamics, and timely grasp the changes in weather and soil. With the help of digital agricultural equipment, using agricultural intelligence Internet of Things technology to strengthen the analysis and judgment of drought conditions, so as to be refined drought monitoring and early warning in parts, crops, and time periods. Large households and new agricultural business entities do a good job of "point -to -point" early warning services. Combined with the watershed intelligent demonstration system, remotely monitor the agricultural production environment parameters and regulate.

The third is to improve the intelligence support. Relevant experts from government departments, agricultural universities, agricultural research institutes, etc. to form relevant experts to form a science and technology special team to strengthen the guidance of Taya, divide areas, divide into links, and varieties. The role of grain and reducing and damage reduction and efficiency provides field scientific guidance and technical services for agricultural production. At the specific operating level, various disaster anti -mitigation measures should be implemented to ensure field irrigation, reducing the temperature of the ear layer, improving the small climate in the field, and preventing the impact of drought and high temperature heat damage; External spray fertilizer, cool down and humidify, enrich the nutrition of grain, improve fullness; reasonably operates water and fertilizer, promote the full seedlings of seedlings, and maintain the metabolism balance of crops; strengthen the management of pests and insect pests, focus on preventing and cure "two moves" of rice, rice plastic, and rice song disease Wait. Actively organize personnel to repair the ditch to improve the irrigation capacity of water conservancy facilities; strengthen irrigation agricultural machinery operation scheduling, improve drought resistance services, do a good job of guaranteeing personnel, materials, technology and other aspects, and strengthen coordination and coordination.

In summary, the timely supporting, monitoring and management systems of financial funds, efficient operation and management system, scientific and technological guarantee reduction and efficiency will be an important measure to achieve the goal of "strengthening grain security and ensuring that the annual grain output is maintained at 1.3 trillion kg".

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