To build a highland in the western industry, Chongqing is ready to go

Upgrading the "chip" of agriculture and "turning over" the seedling industry, Chongqing is going to build a highland for the western industry.

The breeding industry shoulders the security responsibility of ensuring the security of the national "rice bag", "oil bottle" and "vegetable basket". This year, the Central Document No. 1 has made specific arrangements for the overall implementation of the seed industry. Chongqing comprehensively accelerates the ability to improve the scientific and technological innovation capabilities, market competition capabilities, and supply and guarantee capabilities.

Earlier this year, the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Modern Seed Industry in Chongqing (2021-2025)" was released; in April, Tongnan and Yanjiang were successfully selected into the national-level species county; The action promotion meeting further clarifies the goal of the protection and innovation of germplasm resources; in mid -July, the "Twelve Finance Articles" was introduced to help the species industry comprehensively revitalize.

What are the national leading characteristic high -quality species resources in Chongqing? What other shortcomings are urgent to make up for the revitalization of the seed industry? Where is the breakthrough in the western seed industry? In this regard, Liangjiang observed and interviewed Tongnan, Yanjiang and other districts and counties, and talked a number of experts from Southwest University to talk about how Chongqing's breeding industry developed high -quality development.

In the western region (Chongqing) Science City Seeds Creation of the Greater Science Center, scientific researchers are observing the group of seedlings. Photo by Long Fan/Vision Chongqing

Extraordinary advantage

Agricultural modernization, seeds are the foundation.

"Thanks to the distinctive characteristics and unique sources of sources of" mountains '' '', focusing on the stability of agricultural products and the demand for modern mountain characteristics and high -efficiency agricultural needs, Chongqing's agricultural quality resources protection and development have achieved remarkable results in recent years. "Southwest China. Lu Kun, deputy dean of the School of Agricultural and Biotechnology, introduced that there are currently 10 germs such as rice and pigs such as rice, pigs and other seeds; more than 200 crop species such as rice, potato and other crops; heat -resistant high -quality hybrid rice, high -quality glutinous corn, high -quality glutinous corn, high -quality glutinous corn. Ultra -high oil -containing rapeseed, late citrus, mustard, crispy, special vegetables, etc. have obvious advantages in the country. Chongqing's yield coverage rate reached 96.5%, and the contribution rate exceeded 45%.

Lu Kun believes that Chongqing has the idea of ​​"stabilizing rice bowls, upgrading oil bottles, and optimizing vegetable baskets" in high -quality specialty resources, and firmly controls the key to solving "eating" in his own hands.

The stable rice bowl is to solve the problem of the main food. Zhang Changwei, an associate professor of the School of Agriculture and Biotechnology of Southwest University, introduced that the paddy riverside rice species is well -known in the Southwest region. Its high -planted production, full seeds, high germination rate, and mature harvesting weather is good. With excellent irrigation conditions, natural endowments suitable for hybrid rice seeds, good planting foundations and excellent technology teams, the paddy rice seeds are widely favored by major domestic variety and breeding enterprises.

At present, 40,000 acres of rice breeding bases have been built in Pongjiang. Hybrid rice breed capabilities can not only meet the needs of the city, but also exported to 30 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and 11 countries in the country. The county and China have built national -level hybrid rice breed bases, and cultivate new varieties such as hybrid rice such as "Shenlong You 228" and such as "Shenlong You 228" achieved the goal of high temperature resistance and widow -resistance. Last year, 3 million kilograms of rice seeds were produced. A round of a reward of 150 million yuan in a large -scale hybrid rice breed.

Upgrading the oil bottle, aiming at the problem of improvement of oil varieties. Lu Kun analyzed that, represented by Tongnan and Pongjiang, Chongqing's rapeseed breed innovation is at a leading and international level in the country. The famous rape breeder and Professor Liga of Southwest University have cultivated the "Yellow Yellow" series of nationalized yellow seeds and rapeseed varieties of the "Yellow Yellow" series of large -scale industrialization in the world, and the promotion area has reached more than 60 million acres. The oil "series of yellow seeds high oleic acid varieties, comprehensive quality exceeding olive oil, has become one of the most healthy vegetable oil varieties, and is cooperating with a number of state -owned enterprises and seed companies to develop and promote.

In addition, the "Celebration Oil" series with high oil content is also a representative rapeseed variety in Chongqing. Due to the good yield and good production, the oil content is more than 50%. It has achieved "two bowls of rapeseed and one bowl of oil", becoming the most popular variety series in the west, with a total promotion area of ​​more than 35 million acres in the country. It can be said that the current Chongqing rape breeding team has become one of the representative strategic technological forces of my country's rapeseed industry innovation. It has a large aspect of creating breakthrough gender resources, breaking the core technologies of breeding, and cultivating major new varieties. Competitive Advantage.

Optimize vegetable baskets to make vegetables, meat, and fruits better. Song Hongyuan, Dean of the School of Horticulture and Garden of Southwest University, analyzed that at present, Chongqing's stems of stems and churches have been internationally leading internationally internationally, and the planting area of ​​more than 1.8 million mu is more than 1.8 million acres. Processing type Chaotian pepper, flat ball type autumn and winter cabbage, extremely early white cucumber and round white autumn winter radish also have a certain influence in the country. In particular, Tongnan has the largest non -harmless vegetable production base in Chongqing. It has built 200 acres of vegetable planting centers and a core base of 1,000 acres of vegetable hybridization. , Promote more than 200,000 acres of excellent vegetables such as Yanjiao 465 and Yuga 5.

In addition, Chongqing also identified 21 livestock and poultry genetic resources protection lists such as Rongchang Pig, Dazu Black Goat, and Chengkou Mountain Chicken, and achieved 9.1 billion fry fry annual production of freshwater fish. At the same time, the two national citrus regional breeding bases of Beijie and Jiangjin, citrus container seedlings, accounted for 80%of the country's share, and germinated resources such as lemon and crispy also occupy an advantage in the country.

Wanzhou Ganning Town Tongxin Agricultural Garden Tomanium Digital Factory, the staff performs daily maintenance. Qi Lansen Photo/Visual Chongqing

Short board needs to be supplemented

"What needs to be seen is that the current market industry's breeding industry has the characteristics of 'breakthroughs and comprehensive lack of leadership'. Compared with the developed provinces of the seed industry, there is still a small gap." Lu Kun emphasized.

Lu Kun analyzed that although Chongqing has rich species resources, there are more than 2,700 species of rare, excellent local varieties, and wild near -relationship plant resources, more than 560 plant resources can be cultivated, and more than 600 animal resources can be cultivated. The main origin of Chinese medicinal materials such as Silver Flower and Artemisia Artemisia Prefecture is also the origin of Fuling Dragon Eye Litchi and 17 national livestock and poultry genetic resources. The following aspects:

Natural conditions are not ideal. Chongqing has a small area of ​​cultivated land and is not a traditional agricultural province. There are fewer advantageous crops; most of them are hills and mountainous areas. The arable land is crushed. It is suitable for the automated agricultural machinery of Chongqing Mountains. Small, Dachun crops have severe high temperature coercion, Xiaochun crops are insufficient light, and the agricultural planting environment does not dominate.

Poor enterprises are insufficient competitive. At present, Chongqing breeding enterprises are generally small, and they lack the country's leading large -scale backbone leading enterprises. The annual sales of 73 breeding enterprises are 20%of the "Longping Hi -Tech" enterprise in Anhui. There are only 2 "education push" integrated seed companies, less than 2%of the country. There are only one core breeding ground for national pigs, accounting for 1%of the country.

The breeding base is weak. At present, the number of crop breeding bases in Chongqing is small, small scale, and insufficient supply capacity. For example, there are only 15,000 acres of rice -standard farming farming, and the average production is only 160 kg, which is 15.8%lower than the same ecological area of ​​Sichuan. A large amount of corn and vegetable seeds need to be transferred from outside the city. Pig, cattle, sheep, poultry and other livestock and poultry sources are too high to dependence on the external relying. The aquatic breeding farm facilities and equipment are backward, and the research and development capacity is not strong.

Insufficient scientific and technological innovation support capabilities. The talent talents are mainly concentrated in Chongqing University, South China University, Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of the Municipal Sciences, and other colleges and scientific research institutes. Level research and homogeneous competition are more serious. For example, there are as many as 10 rice breeding research teams in the city.

Lu Kun believes that the current downward pressure on the domestic economy is increasing and the international situation is complex and changing. In particular, the competition of international grain and seed industry trade is constantly being upgraded. Countries are competing for and seizing global agricultural germplasm resources. It is more urgent to achieve independent and self -reliance of the seed industry technology, and the source of the seed source is more urgent than in the past. The development of the development of the seed industry in Chongqing is imperative.

On August 3, Haojiaba Village, Sanjiao Town, Yongchuan District opened the rice and harvested. Zheng Yuyin Shi Yu Yu/Visual Chongqing

Seek a breakthrough

At present, the fourth seed industry scientific and technological revolution, which is characterized by "biotechnology+informatization", has a huge influence. Biological groups, gene editing, molecular marks and other biological new technologies lead the selection of new varieties of animals and plants. Deep changes.

Chongqing has a national platform such as the National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center. Yu's good breed innovation team. To build a highland for the western industry, Chongqing already has considerable basic conditions and capabilities.

Lu Kun believes that Chongqing should give full play to the advantages of existing high -quality characteristic and good breeds, take the scientific and technological innovation of the seed industry as a breakthrough, excavate and create excellent germplasm resources, and in response to the major national strategic needs and industrial development needs, the power of Chongqing has the revitalization of the seed industry in Chongqing. Essence

For example, relying on the Great Science Center of the Western (Chongqing) Science City Seeds, the new varieties of artemisinin created by the expert team of Southwest University have been promoted in Puyang 10,000 acres. At the same time, the Chongqing and Southeast Academy of Agricultural Sciences update Fuling mustard to the "fourth generation", which is accelerating the construction of the "National Vegetable Gender Chongqing Mustard Studio" and maintaining the industry's leading position. In addition, Chongqing also deployed the creation of the National Pig Technology Innovation Center, the national regional pig breeding industry innovation base, etc., to create an advantageous pig innovation highland.

Lu Kun suggested that Chongqing should take the integration of resources as the key to promote the establishment of a "cross -department" science and enterprise research consortium and "interdisciplinary" multidisciplinary joint research mechanism to strive for the research and application of frontier biochemical breeding such as gene editing and molecular breeding Win the opportunity.

Strengthen basic research and technological innovation. Focus on supporting the development of breeding theory, excavation of germplasm resources, cloning functional genes, breeding materials and technological innovation, strengthen the study of modern breeding technologies such as molecular assistance and genetically modified; System, overcome the technical problems of seed (seedlings) factories; support the study of common key technologies such as modern breeding, mechanized seeds, seed processing, and quality testing.

Implementation of key core technologies for agricultural species. Focus on the advantages of rice, corn, rapeseed, vegetables, authentic Chinese medicinal materials, etc., give priority to implementation of key core technology research, encourage industry leading enterprises to lead, and jointly related scientific research institutes and agricultural colleges and universities The innovative model focuses on research, and accelerates the formation of a number of iconic results with independent intellectual property rights.

Carry out agricultural biological breeding research.Undertake major national biological breeding science and technology projects, and strive to cultivate a number of new and breakthrough varieties of characteristic advantages; build a "scientific device of the upstream species of the Yangtze River", deeply develop the biological species of biological species on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; build the "National Pig Technology Innovation Center", build pigsThe biological breeding and research platform has promoted the transformation of the results of the pig breeding industry.Promote the combination of good breeds.Integrate the dominant industry resources of universities, scientific research institutes, and seed enterprises in the city, encourage enterprises to take the lead, set up science and enterprise consortia, and carry out technical research such as superior characteristics, breeding, and breeding breeding to accelerate the cultivation of independent intellectual property rights and breakthroughs in breakthroughsThe scientific and technological achievements of sex industry.

Source: Liangjiang Observation

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