Anti -inflammatory, really fragrant!Choose it when you eat Xiaomi

Text ｜ "China Science News" reporter Li Qingbo

From the dogtails on the roadside to the full and solid valley of Yisui, after thousands of years of domestication, Xiaomi has become one of the most important miscellaneous grains at the moment. Essence

But what is the genetic mechanism behind this? It was not unlocked until recently.

Recently, Shanxi Agricultural University's miscellaneous grain seed innovation and molecular breeding Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Union of Huazhong Agricultural University, Beijing University of Technology, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Academy of Agricultural Sciences) crop sciences, etc. Multi -group analysis of the group, metabolic group, and anti -inflammatory group reveals the genetic mechanism and anti -inflammatory effect of the targeted change of metabolites in the selection of Guzi domestication. Related papers were published in "Molecular Plants" a few days ago.

C4 crop explore again

There are mainly two types of C3 and C4 plants in nature, and only a few plants are between the two.

"In short, C4 has one more 'pressurized pump' more than C3, which can speed up the speed of planting carbon dioxide participation in photosynthesis." Wang Xingchun, a professor at the Professor of Life Sciences of Shanxi Agricultural University, introduced that rice is a typical C3 plant. Rice transformation into C4 plants, thereby greatly improving production capacity, thereby solving the problem of food security caused by population growth, but human understanding of C4 plants has not yet been deeply deepened.

Gutzi is recognized as C4 grain patterns. In Shanxi, the hometown of Xiaomi, the west and east of Taiyue Mountain in Taihang Mountain have always been the main producing area of ​​high -quality Xiaomi.

Shanxi Agricultural University and other units have cooperated with the Academy of Agricultural Sciences for many years to build a model plant system for the research of C4 Hutter crops.

Therefore, it is very important and scientific significance to carry out a large -scale full -genome heavy sequencing with the goal of Guzi.

From 2017 to 2019, in the Shanxi Agricultural University campus in Taigu, Shanxi, the teachers and students of the School of Life Sciences jointly operated a valley test field. There are more than 400 grain varieties, including cultivation varieties, farm varieties, and wild dog tail varieties. Each variety of valley has 4 rows.

Most of these varieties come from the national variety resource library, and some wild dog tail varieties are collected by students in their respective hometown.

Gutzi is only two weeks in the middle of the seeds grouting. This is a critical period for the seeds of the seeds from liquid to emulsion from liquid to emulsion. However, the timing of the sampling is not easy to judge for students who have never been exposed to Guzi planting.

On the day, Li Xukai, an associate professor of Shanxi Agricultural University, spent two months spending two months. The teaching students judged the timing of samples. After experiencing the grain feel, they carefully sandwiched Xiaomi with a grain of the mule and packed on a stainless steel container containing liquid nitrogen container container container. inside.

Because some varieties did not survive, they finally collected 398 grain varieties as research materials.

"The scale of the sample is not small. We commissioned Belief Biological Gene to perform high -throughput all -gene over -genetic sequencing of these research objects. This is the starting point of our research." Li Xukai, the first author of the paper, introduced.

Golden millet is the best

In order to explore the differences between metabolites between different germs, Li Xukai commissioned other universities to use the ultra -high -efficiency liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrum to quantitative analysis of the grain product of the grain seeds.

Taking the mini valley mode plant Xiaomi as the reference genome, the analysis of the grain metabolic product map was carried out. The research results clearly reflected the evolutionary relationship between genetic marks.

The researchers analyzed the medium -term seeds transcription group of grouting, and discussed the relationship between the level and content of gene expression and metabolic products.

They detected 24,800 expression genes in the data, accounting for 72%of the annotation gene. Through weighted relevant network analysis, 23 highly related co -expression modules were determined.

They comment on these modules to determine their potential biological functions and determine several metabolic modes, for example, to allocate different identities to the molecules in the work, and wear the corresponding "hat" -— flavonoids and carrots -like carrots Vegetarian biological synthesis is highly enriched among the "blue" and "cyan" modules; fatty acid metabolism is enriched in the "green" module; two -cricket biological synthesis is enriched in the "pink" module.

Researchers have found that PSY1 protein plays a key role in catalytic carotene generating. They use gene editing technology to obtain the gene mutated material and find that the carotene content in the grains of mutant materials is far lower than that of wild seeds; at the same time, with Compared with wild types, lutein and corn yellow quality decreased by 25.5%and 34.4%, respectively.

These results show the connection between the PSY1 gene and the color mutation of the valley, and also illustrate the effective means of identifying the key candidate genes related to metabolic products related to metabolic products.

Earlier, the seeds of peeling the dogtail grass will find that they are gray -black, the taste is very dry, and there are very rare white and green valleys.

After the domestication of the ancestor, the grains harvested by the people slowly turned into Jin Chancan yellow. These are the "accidents" of the ancestors, and the above research has also verified the scientific nature of this choice.

Li Xukai introduced, "PSY1 genes and carotene biological synthesis are very related. Rich unsaturated fatty acids are the source of rice oil. Studies have found that unsaturated fatty acids and carotene molecules are tightly linked and firmly linked through chemical keys. Their external manifestations are yellow seeds. After thousands of years of domestication choices, the popular varieties circulated are mainly yellow, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids and carotene in millet is related to the nutritional value of Xiaomi. "Confirmation confirmed Xiaomi can relieve gastrointestinal inflammation

In 2018, Li Xukai listened to a academic report on the anti -inflammatory effect of Guzi metabolites in Wuhan. At that time, studies showed that eating millet can reduce or even cure chronic digestive system diseases.

However, the key genetic foundation behind the changes in Xiaomi metabolic products, as well as the connection between metabolites and anti -inflammatory stomach effects.

Li Xukai's team made the idea of ​​conducting this research.

Cytic factor is famous for its anti -inflammatory function.

In order to study the anti -inflammatory effects of different millet powder extracts, the researchers carried out large -scale ionizing anti -inflammatory experiments and found 83 potential effects.

Only a few of these effects are known substances.

In addition, they also discovered metabolites with anti -inflammatory characteristics, such as flavonoids, amide and organic acids. The metabolic anti-inflammatory factor network shows that in addition to the two small molecular compounds of WH1094 (pomelochidine, ketone) and WH1526 (5-O-P-fragrant beanylin acid, amino acid), most of the metabolites Without identification of its material structure and type, the precise identification of Xiaomi anti -inflammatory substances provides a wealth of candidate libraries. Studies have shown that these two metabolites have significant anti -inflammatory activity.

"Many functional substances come from secondary metabolites of different creatures. We have studied hundreds of secondary metabolites, including a lot of unknown compounds. These are the foundation of Xiaomi nutrition and health products and new medicinal synthesis. "Li Xukai said," The subsequent scientific mechanism about Xiaomi nutritional ingredients is our research direction. To truly find its nutritional secret. "

Related thesis information:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2022.07.003

"China Science News" (2022-08-04 The 3rd edition of the original title "" Golden Xiaomi Best Eat "has the scientific basis)

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Edit | Zhao Lu

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