Interview with Liu Luxiang, chief scientist of wheat: Winning the most difficult summer food harvest war, what did we do right?

The cover of "China Economic Weekly" in the 14th of 2022

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Hou Yan | Beijing report

According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2022, the total output of summer grains nationwide was 294.78 billion kg, an increase of 2.87 billion kg over the previous year and 1.0%. Among them, wheat output was 271.52 billion kg, an increase of 2.57 billion kg, an increase of 1.0%. This also means that after overcoming winter wheat's late broadcast, rising agricultural prices, and adverse factors such as domestic epidemics, my country finally ushered in the summer grain harvest in 2022.

From Henan heavy rain in the summer of 2021 to the rare autumn flood in the north, and then to experience repeated new crown pneumonia epidemic in various places ... my country ’s summer food is still harvested. What are the stories behind this?

"China Economic Weekly" reporter interviewed Liu Luxiang, deputy director of the Institute of Craft Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and chief scientist of the National Wheat Industry Technology System to interpret the story behind the 2022 wheat particles.

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Ma Mingyue I Photo

More than 10,000 experts and millions of agricultural technicians use technology

"This year's summer grain and wheat achieved the harvest of disaster resistance. It can be said that people are particularly effort and help." On July 14, Pan Wenbo, director of the Department of Plant Management of the Department of Planting Industry of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, said at the press conference.

In the fall of 2021, a rare autumn flood caused the 110 million acres of wheat in the country for about 15 days, which accounted for almost 1/3 of the country's wheat area. Therefore, the industry believes that in 2022, wheat production has faced the problem of unfavorable opening and the early situation in the early stage.

"China Economic Weekly": What does it mean for wheat for half a month?

Liu Luxiang: In the interlocking wheat production, delaying farming may affect one season. Last year, it was not just for 15 days in the evening, but the overall night broadcast area also exceeded one -third, especially the five provinces such as Jin, Ji, and Lu were seriously affected by autumn floods. Optimism, this makes our work facing unprecedented challenges.

Specific two examples, because the seeding was late, some wheat appeared "a needle" and "cover in the soil" before wintering.

What is a "one needle"? This means that wheat just germinating is a thin seedling. Before and after wintering, it will be divided into two times. It shows that there is no division before the winter, or the situation is poor, and it is very difficult to make up after wintering. "Covering in the soil" is even more troublesome, indicating that the wheat seeds that are broadcast before the winter are not seedlings. According to our data analysis at that time, the proportion of weak seedlings during the winter of wheat was the highest year in recent years.

"China Economic Weekly": What job did you do later to grab time back? "Technology Zhuang Miao" is specific to the production of wheat. How is it implemented?

Liu Luxiang: Experts from the organization system of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry formulated a technical plan for promoting weakness and turning strong, drawing 110 million acres of late wheat, more than 9 million acres of "one needle" and 1.48 million acres of "earth covered" seedling distribution maps, and China The Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi's agricultural science and education departments, which drives more than 10,000 experts and millions of agricultural technicians in Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Hubei and other provinces and regions to go deep into the local front line. Essence

Taking the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example, since February 14 this year, we have jointly launched the Winter Wheat "Special Action for Summer Grain Harvest" with relevant departments of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry to participate in the winter wheat in the five provinces such as Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong to promote weakness. Transfer to the support of technology. It also records short videos through platforms such as Douyin and Kuaishou, and instructed farmers to manage early spring with the most intuitive form.

After the weakness turns strong, most of the original three types of seedlings are transformed into one or two seedlings. Coupled with last winter to this spring, the average daily temperature is 1 ° C to 2 ° C higher than previous years. After a few months, the accumulation temperature is more than 100 degrees Celsius than in previous years. Essence At the same time, the occurrence of pests and pests is mild, and it also laid the foundation for the harvest.

"China Economic Weekly": Grain security is a cockpit stone that is related to the National Games and people's livelihood. What are the suggestions for wheat planting in the future?

Liu Luxiang: First, policy guarantee stable seeds of wheat. We will improve the protection mechanism of farmers 'breeding wheat benefits, increase support for farmers' policies, stabilize the enthusiasm of farmers and new -type business entities, and build a foundation for safety production. The second is that scientific and technological innovation enhances wheat alone. Vigorously promote the research and development of new varieties of wheat varieties (water -saving, fertilizer, resistance, disease resistance) and high -quality (strong tendons, weak tendons, etc.), integrate innovation and integration green and high -quality production technology, and promote the nationwide wheat goden and total production and overall production. Steady improvement.

Liu Luxiang tells the requirements for the selection of aerospace breeding

Wheat exhibition of wheat exhibitions of the Institute of Cropology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Wheat seeds "China Economic Weekly" reporter "China Economic Weekly" reporter Hou Jun I used to take pictures

The development of my country's puppet seed industry will not be "stuck neck"

Wheat is one of the four main grains in my country. my country is also the largest wheat producer and consumer country in the world. According to data from the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Ministry The area output is 5742 kg/hectare, an increase of 2%year -on -year.

"China Economic Weekly": What level of my country's wheat production is in the world?

Liu Luxiang: The main producers of wheat are India, Russia and China in order in order. Last year, my country's total output was 136.9 billion tons, ranking first. After several generations of breeders' efforts, my country's wheat output has been increased from 350 kg per mu in the 1980s to 800 kilograms per mu. Judging from the harvest of various places this year, it is common to increase production by 50 to 100 kilograms per acre of land. Henan has also set a record of 981.1 kg per mu. Our wheat goden is significantly higher than India, Russia, the United States, and Australia. The quality of my country's wheat is also catching up with developed countries. Strong wheat, middle tendon wheat, weak gluten wheat ... Biscuits, our common people have a variety of choices.

"China Economic Weekly": The seed industry is the "chip" of agriculture. How does my country's wheat develop in the seed industry? Will there be a "stuck neck" situation?

Liu Luxiang: Wheat is the second largest crop in my country. The planting area has stabilized at 350 million acres throughout the year. In 2021, it produced 387 kg. Our goal is that by 2030, the capacity of wheat per mu has reached 430 kg, and its production capacity increases from 130 million tons to 150 million tons.

Agricultural modernization, seeds are the key. First of all, there must be good breeds, which requires the seed industry technology to be self -reliance and self -reliance. At present, the contribution rate of our wheat breeds is more than 50%, which means that we caught the seeds and grab the key. It can be proud that we have been leading in wheat breeding. In general, my country is absolutely safe in terms of rations. my country's rice and wheat varieties have 100%autonomy, and they are the world's leading in terms of variety promotion, production increase, and total output increase.

Wheat seeds that have been baptized by the universe particles

Not long ago, the Shenzhou -thirteenth group in the space for 183 days in space was successfully returned to the earth. With the three astronauts, there are 12,000 seeds, which are praised by netizens as seeds that have been baptized by the universe particles.

In the lobby of the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a row of space seeds installed in transparent jars. Among them, "Luyuan 502", "Hang Mai 247", "Hang Mai 501" and other series of wheat varieties have once got precious "ship tickets" for space travel. Variety.

"China Economic Weekly": When a seed enters the vast space, what kind of wonderful journey will you experience? What kind of choice standards are these wheat seeds called "selected species of heaven"?

Liu Luxiang: Space breeding, also known as aerospace breeding and aerospace mutant breeding. It is a high -tech of breeding of plant seeds to cause genetic mutation of plant seeds to cause genetic mutations, thereby breeding new plant varieties, creating agricultural breeding materials, and enriching genetic resources. Compared with traditional breeding technologies, the biggest advantage of space breeding is that the beneficial variation rate of spatial mutagenic materials is high, and the breeding cycle is short. It can create excellent variety resources such as high -yielding, precocity, and disease resistance in a relatively short period of time.

To put it simply, let the seeds "go to heaven" and then "enter the earth". After screening, identification, and hybridization, the process of forming new quality resources and new varieties is space breeding. To cultivate more mature varieties, it takes at least 8-10 years. First, the process of variation, stability, and comparison of 4 to 5 years. After that, there are 4 to 5 years of prescribed actions, that is, for two consecutive years of comparison tests, it is qualified to be upgraded to 2 years of varieties and regional trials and 1 year production test.

Using aerospace mutations is "9940168" and "Jimai 19" for routine hybridization, the new high -yield wheat variety "Luyuan 502" selected by the system, the largest promotion area of ​​more than 20 million mu, a cumulative promotion area of ​​nearly 100 million mu, 2018 in 2018, 2018 In the year, he became the second largest push wheat variety in my country, and therefore won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2019.

"China Economic Weekly": At present, the potential of biological breeding technology in improving crop output is huge. What is the level of development of biological breeding in my country? How to develop in the future?

Liu Luxiang: Biochemical breeding is the core of the modern seed industry and has become the core key technology to ensure national food security. At present, developed countries have begun to enter the era of "biotechnology+artificial intelligence technology+big data". my country's crop biotechnology breeding has a strong development momentum. At present, the research of rice biological breeding has led the international forefront, and wheat biological breeding is in the same stage. my country is still in the stage of "Biochemical 2.0" to "Biowment 3.0". Therefore, accelerating the innovation of biological breeding scientific and technological innovation, strong advantages, and supplementing shortcomings to ensure that the sources are controlled and controllable, and it is of great significance for achieving high -level technology independence and self -reliance.

To promote the future development of biological breeding technology, it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of major national biochemical projects. Focus on key species, strengthen accurate identification of germplasm resources, and strengthen the analysis of the molecular machine of importance; the new model selection of the whole genome of the research and development source of the source of the source of the source of innovation, and overcome the cutting -edge key technologies such as artificial intelligence design It meets the breakthrough new varieties of high -quality agricultural development, market diversification and international competition needs, and promotes industrialization in an orderly manner, so that my country will become a strong country of technology in the biocity industry, and provide solid scientific and technological support for the realization of rural comprehensive revitalization and modern agricultural and rural modernization.

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