"Black Technology" in the field implementation of Tibetan food and technology

The cover of "China Economic Weekly" in the 14th of 2022

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Jia Xuan

The food is stable and the world is safe. The implementation of food hiding food, hiding grain in technology, improving grain production capacity, ensuring that the grains are basically self -sufficient, and the rations are absolutely safe.

Technology is an important support for agricultural modernization and increasing food production. In recent years, the contribution of my country's agricultural technology to grain production has increased year by year. Throughout the Great River, hard -core technology equipment such as Beidou satellite navigation agricultural machinery gradually become agricultural weapons; intelligent irrigation and drone plant protection are widely used in large -scale application, and mobile phones have become "new agricultural tools" ...

A series of independent innovative "hard core" technology protects various aspects of planting, drying, collection, storage, processing, and sales, which greatly liberates farmers' labor force, improves the level of grain production, and further consolidates food safety Base. A group of young "new farmers" also used modern technology to set off a "new routine" to help the Chinese people stabilize the rice bowl.

Sinan Agricultural Machinery Automatic Navigation Driving System Photo | Sinan Navigation

Yan Wenjiong led the team to operate the drone of the drone | Jifei Technology

"Beidou+Agriculture" unmanned farm

For farm lords in Qianshan Village, Guyuan County, Hebei Province, the Beidou system is no longer a rare thing, and "the stars in the sky" are around.

More than 10 years ago, Lao Zhang began to contract land to plant potatoes with a planting area of ​​more than 1,600 acres. The agricultural is not waiting for people. Every time in the spring, Lao Zhang has to "connect the axis" for half a month even if the movement is fast. In order to complete the sowing before the rainy season, he needs to cultivate hundreds of acres of land every day. But the most headache for him was the driver who opened the agricultural machinery.

According to reports, traditional problems such as driving agricultural machinery by artificial driving agricultural machinery will bend, parallel and other problems. "We used the line machine to draw a line on the ground, and the driver sowed by experience. When the farmers were busy, the cost of spending a high price may not be able to invite good drivers." Lao Zhang recalled in those years, the cost of workers was high, and market fluctuations could not earn a few dollars in the end of the year.

7 years ago, Old Zhang accidentally came into contact with a new technology -Sinan Navigation Beidou Agricultural Machinery Autonomous Driving Equipment.

The system is based on the high -precision positioning information provided by the Beidou system. Farmers only need to set the program in advance according to the steps to drive autonomous driving according to the expected path. Labor.

“这下司机问题可算是解决了。”老张笑着说，现在农田里开始出现女性机手，她们只需要坐在拖拉机上按下启动键，机器就可以自动一次性完成播种、起垄、 Multiple processes such as ditching, fertilization, laid subfamily dripping, and building soil on the membrane have also been achieved for 24 hours.

According to Shanghai Sinan Satellite Navigation Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Sinan Navigation) technical engineers, the unique slope -type land in Guyuan, Hebei, has a great test on the agricultural machine navigation system when planting potato. The automatic navigation driving system, even in the ground with a bumpy nearly 30 degrees, can be accurate and accurate.

"Compared with traditional artificial demand, the amount of mechanization sowing is uniform and can laid the foundation for the harvest of potato mechanization. Potato can increase yield by 10%per mu, saving the land of more than 20%." The engineer said.

In recent years, with the official opening of the global satellite navigation system of Beidou III in my country, there are more and more application scenarios in Beidou+Agriculture, and the forms have become more and more diverse.

At present, my country's wheat, rice, and corn machines have exceeded 97%, 85%, and 90%, respectively, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop farming has exceeded 72%. The implementation of food hiding food, hiding grain in technology, and the continuously rising agricultural modernization has made the material conditions of various grains and good grains better and better. The future development space of Beidou+Agriculture is huge.

Crossing the Qinling Mountains, the bank of the Yangtze River, the rice in Wuhu, Anhui is planted in the golden period. Like Lao Zhang's farm, the fields here are full of seedlings equipped with the Beidou unmanned system. The operator does not need to touch the steering wheel. As long as the seedlings are placed on the planting table, and then simple land positioning and data are passed in, the transplant machine will automatically shuttle in the field and plant a neat seedlings.

According to Sinan Navigation Technicians, the Beidou III auxiliary driving equipment used by the casting machine shows multiple highlights. First of all, agricultural machinery operations are more accurate, farming, seedling, and plant protection operations are not leaked, and the area of ​​land cultivation has also been improved.

Secondly, reduce the technical threshold of agricultural machinery driving, and greatly reduce the work intensity of the operating work of the machine. The quality of the new machine and the proficient old machine operates as good as the people can easily plant the fields.

In addition, "machine substitution" can be achieved, saving artificially. For example, the installation of the Beidou III auxiliary driving system can reduce the use of seedlings, save labor costs, realize machine substitutions, and alleviate agricultural labor difficulties.

In addition to the transplanting machine, the tractor and plant protection machine here are also equipped with Beidou No. 3 auxiliary driving equipment to build the Beidou auxiliary operations such as flat land, fertilization, medicine, and transplanting of farming pipes. Scenes emerge.

At present, there are more than 100,000 terminals that have installed the navigation autonomous driving system of agricultural machinery nationwide, and more than 450,000 units/sets of remote operation and maintenance terminals such as agricultural machinery positioning and operating monitoring are installed. The Beidou system has been deeply applied to multiple links including farming, irrigation, and harvesting, which not only helps save labor costs, but also improves the income and agricultural production efficiency of agricultural machinery. In this year's "Three Summer" wheat harvest operations, Beidou+Agriculture can be described as a big deal. According to the monitoring data of national precision agricultural application projects, from May 21 to June 4th, 4,10568 units of rice and wheat joint harvesters equipped with Beidou smart terminal were put into use.

According to statistics, currently 45 agricultural machinery companies in the country have used the Beidou terminal as a standard configuration. More than 100,000 agricultural machinery driving systems have been installed, and more than 450,000 units/sets of remote operation and maintenance terminals such as agricultural machinery positioning and operation monitoring.

At the same time, with the help of agricultural machinery with Beidou navigation systems, the national precision agricultural comprehensive data service platform has realized the integration of agricultural machinery operation data, as well as 24 -hour dynamic monitoring of main grain crops such as rice, wheat, corn and other main grain crops.

In the "Beidou+Unmanned Farm" in Wuhu, Anhui, a driverless transplant machine is working. Figure Supply | Sinan Navigation

The mobile phone becomes a "new farm tool", and the farmers say goodbye to "facing the loess and facing the sky"

The wind blows the waves, and the summer harvest begins. As one of the major food crops in my country, the planting area and total output of wheat are second only to rice.

This year's summer production overcome multiple unfavorable factors, increase production at high historical highs, and achieve high -level increase in yield harvest. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2022, the total output of summer food in the country was 294.78 billion kg, an increase of 2.87 billion kg over the previous year and 1.0%. Among them, wheat output was 271.52 billion kg, an increase of 2.57 billion kg, an increase of 1.0%.

In response, Zhao Guangcai, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that technology has played an important role in increasing production this summer.

The Huanghuaihai Plain, which is also available in the mountains and land, concentrates a large number of high -standard farmland. This is the main area of ​​wheat production in my country's wheat. It is also known as "China's first granary".

In April, wheat in the Huanghuaihai Plain entered the period of extraction of the pregnancy, which was a critical period for output. It was also a high incidence of major pests and insect pests such as rust and giant mold. However, the best prevention and treatment window for diseases is only a few days.

At the same time, the majority of rural areas are currently facing problems such as the aging of rural population, insufficient agricultural labor, and lack of efficient and convenient tools. According to the "China Statistical Yearbook 2021" and the economic and social development data in 2021, my country's urbanization rate increased by 0.81 percentage points in 2021. For the first time in 70 years of China's rural population, it was less than 500 million.

How to quickly complete the control of prevention in a short period of time has become the most tricky issue of agricultural departments and farmers in various places. Time is tight task, who will take the heavy task?

In a wheat field in Fuyang, Anhui, the young veterans Yan Wenjiong faced this challenge with action. His solution was drone.

"All the flyers pay attention", accompanied by a loud password of Yan Wenjiong, several drone controller (flying hands) light the screen. Rule of homework. This time, he led 13 operating teams to complete 100,000 acres of plant protection missions a day. This progress is equivalent to the workload of 10 days in the past 1,000 people.

According to Yan Wenjiong, the RTK RTK (refers to the real -time dynamic carrier phase differential technology) accurate positioning navigation that he used to achieve full operation can be achieved. The work efficiency is also super high. A agricultural drone can operate an average of 1,000 acres a day, and the efficiency is 80 to 100 times the artificially.

In addition, the powerful plant protection management system owned by the agricultural drone can supervise and trace the data of regional routes, heights, speed, and spraying area of ​​the operation. Mobile phones have become an indispensable "new agricultural tool" for modern agricultural production.

In recent years, the "new farmers" teams like Yan Wenjiong have been growing. They tried to reduce the heavy physical labor through intelligent devices and use digital agricultural technology to make agricultural production more cooler and more efficient.

The most important thing is that while changing the agricultural production model, this "new foreign wave" is also quietly changing the views of agriculture in the hearts of young people.

In 2018, Yan Wenjiong, who returned to home, started from the two agricultural drones he purchased. Now he has become the "senior flying hands" and partners of Ge Fei Technology. His team size has also grown to nearly 500 people. More than 400 drones.

His employment experience is still infected and driving more young people. Emerging positions such as "drone flying" and "drone teachiers" help rural workers in the industry to complete their career conversion, so that they can get more decently decent. The work and improvement of self -worth brought new opportunities for the development of my hometown.

As of 2021, among my country's agricultural unmanned equipment users' age distribution, the number of people aged 31 to 40 accounted for the highest proportion, 36%; followed by 28%of people under 30, and 25%of 41-50 years old.

At present, scientific and technological innovation has become a new driving force for the development of agricultural modernization, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology has exceeded 60%. From the land to the land to the "wisdom" planting land, food production is bidding farewell to the traditional way of "facing the back of the loess and facing the sky".

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