Zhijianghui Living Room | Promote the "two advances" with "human -oriented orientation" -the visits to famous economists and "human -based economics"

Zhejiang News Client Reporter Pan Rulong Editor Zhou Yuhan

Famous masters: Chang Xiuze, a famous economist, a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Macroeconomic Research Institute, and served as deputy director of the Institute of Economic Research of Nankai University and executive deputy director of the Institute of Economic Research Institute of the State Planning Commission (National Development and Reform Commission). Elected by "Overview of Academic Achievements (Economics), a well -known scientist in China in the 20th Century". Since 1992, he has become an expert on special allowances of the State Council.

He has long been committed to the research theory, general property rights theory and China's transformation theory in the field of institutional economics. The monographs such as "The theory of human -based system", "The theory of the Structure of the Human Type", and "The Real Estate of the Property owner" were published, and the academic circles were called one of the "one of the leaders of human development economics" by the academic community. Selected from the American Biography Center (ABI) "International Celebrity Record" and the British Cambridge International Biography Center (IBC) "International Celebrity Record".

The 15th Party Congress of the Provincial Party proposed that high -level promoting the modernization of people, creating a high ground for promoting the overall development of all people, and continuously satisfied the people's longing for a better life. From the perspective of "people", accelerate the high -quality development of the economy, and strive to promote the "two advances"? The reporter interviewed Professor Chang Xiuze, a well -known economist, a famous economist, and a doctorate instructor of the Chinese Macroeconomic Research Institute.

The comprehensive development of all people is the foundation of modernization

From things to human beings, from "four modernizations" to "modernization of people", thereby focusing on the comprehensive development of all people. This is the foundation of modernization of China and even humanity. Point. Chang Xiuze pointed out that when Marx and Engels co -authored "German Ideology" said "the liberation of people", Marx specially added to the side: "Philosophy and true liberation" "ordinary people. The only one. Individual. Individuals. . "Especially when talking about the new society in the future, Marx used keywords such as" the comprehensive development of each person's freedom "and" the most worthy of human nature "in the literature such as the Communist Declaration. Chang Xiuze stated in his monograph "Human Name System Theory" (2008) that this is a kind of "human -based" research problem that is practically standing in the development position of "people". "There is a" essential theory of people "with essential differences.

Chang Xiuze further analyzed that the "people" here must comprehensively grasp the meaning from three levels: one is "all people", not some people, or even the so -called "most people" or "most of the majority" "People" must grasp the "all people" and "reach the edge"; the second refers to "many generations", which not only refers to contemporary people, but also includes descendants, such It is also necessary to consider "cross -generation distribution" and "intergenerational fairness"; the third refers Participate in social life.

Now that it is proposed to promote the comprehensive development of people, Chang Xiuze suggested that they should try to make the results of all people share the results of reform and development: first, material results to meet the growing material life needs of all people; second, cultural results to meet the whole of the whole The people's growing spiritual life needs; third, social achievements, meet the people's needs for public services; fourth, political achievements, and meet the needs of the people's democracy to participate in the whole process of people's democracy.

The key to innovation and development in the whole area is "people"

Promote the "two firsts" and continuously meet the needs of the people's good life. First of all, through innovation and creation to achieve high -quality development. The 15th Party Congress of the Provincial Party proposed that in the next five years, it will be fully transferred to the innovation -driven development model, highlighting the innovation and victory work, and comprehensively implementing scientific and technological innovation and the first strategy of provinces in the province.

In this regard, Chang Xiuze, who has been investigating and studying in Zhejiang for many years, said that Zhejiang is a pioneering practice area that unswervingly implement the innovation -driven development strategy. According to the claims in the book "Innovation and Establishing Country Strategy" published in 2013, Chang Xiuze suggested that Zhejiang's next step to grasp the three aspects of innovation work, and vividly like "This pillar".

The first is the "top -level design". He emphasized that innovation is a complete system, and there must be a overall design of "leading digitalization as a leading and systematic innovation and development system in Zhejiang."

The second is to set up the "three beams" and try to cover three levels: the development of the country, industrial development, and enterprise development, and the soul is "human".

The third is to build a "four institutional pillars", that is, innovative talent system, innovative education system, innovative intellectual property protection system, and related supporting systems towards innovative powers.

In practice, people often understand innovation simply as technological innovation. Chang Xiuze emphasized that it is necessary to break through the narrow eyes of "single technological innovation theory", and pay special attention to the position of institutional innovation in the innovation system of the global innovation system. In comparison, China's most lack of institutional innovation. "To urgent the country, constantly explore institutional innovation, theoretical innovation, and cultural innovation." Instead of technology independent innovation or institutional innovation, the most active factor is "people."

Regarding how to promote innovation, Chang Xiuze put forward three feasibility suggestions: one is to empower each talent (like players or celebrities); the other is to divide the property rights in invention; the third is to promote the securitization of intellectual property rights.

"Common and different wealth": It aims to mobilize the enthusiasm of "everyone" to promote the "two advances", high -quality development and construction of a common prosperity demonstration zone, which needs to accurately grasp the profound connotation of common prosperity. Chang Xiuze proposed the concept of "common and different wealth". The first is common wealth, and the other is that there are differences of differences, and the two are indispensable. "Common and prosperity" can be exported by the nature of the socialist system; "difference" can be exported from the "personal livelihood" of socialist labor. According to the principles of Marxism, in the entire socialist society, labor has the attributes of "personal living means", and different labor capabilities are still their "natural privileges". The distribution method of the primary stage of socialism is based on the distribution of labor. Due to the different personal talents and ability of the workers, the distribution results are naturally different. "If you consider the existence and development of the private economy in the primary stage of socialism, this problem is even more complicated."

In response to this objective situation and income gap, Chang Xiuze proposed three countermeasures:

First, consider the problem from the development of the development. "To see 'common prosperity' is not just a simple distribution problem, but a global and strategic issue of economic and social development." Be sure to firmly twist high -quality development of this "beef nose", focus on doing a good job of doing a good job of doing a good job. "People" articles give full play to the subjective initiative of "everyone", mobilize the enthusiasm of members of the whole society including investors, technical innovators and ordinary workers to invest in entrepreneurship, innovation and entrepreneurship, and labor employment. The positive factors fully gather, and innovate and create vitality to compete.

Secondly, study the problem of "cake". It is necessary to earnestly promote the reform of the distribution system, including the initial distribution, the second allocation, and the third allocation. change. At the same time, "people" -oriented, continuously improve the social security system, and make up for the gap of insufficient supply of public services.

Third, establish a sound environmental resource property rights system. The definition of property rights in the field of environmental resources, improper property rights allocation, and unreasonable transaction prices, and the incomplete environmental resources tax system, on the one hand, have led to the "wealth" of the relevant minorities, expanding the gap between the rich and the poor; The natural environment harms the "environmental human rights" of the people. "This issue should also be paid attention to." Chang Xiuze emphasized.

From the perspective of "everyone's self -reliance" to expand the consumption of residents

The 15th Party Congress of the Provincial Party proposed that it is necessary to further implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, build a consumer society, deepen the "rest assured consumption in Zhejiang", and build quality consumption to popularize the inclusive system. Chang Xiuze believes that building a consumer society is not only to meet the needs of the people's growing material and cultural life, but also in the current world situation, maintaining national strategic determination and ensuring that "everyone stands on its own".

He explained that the establishment of a new development pattern is economically, of course, it is necessary to do a good job of "dual cycles", especially highlighting domestic needs; on the other hand, the essential requirements of grasping the new development pattern are "to achieve high -level self -reliance and self -improvement." The foundation is "everyone stands self -reliance." How to achieve the self -reliance of everyone? Fundamentally, it is to meet the growing material and cultural life needs of the people. "At present, a prominent point is to expand the consumption of residents and seek the combination of" demand management and supply management "."

Studying consumption and grasping consumption trends, Chang Xiuze believes that it is necessary to use "human development economics" as the thinking, and in particular, it is necessary to distinguish the "four rates" of consumption.

The first is the growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods. At the new stage, this indicator failed to reflect the overall situation of all residents' consumption, with one -sidedness and lag. "Because of the current consumption of residents, in addition to buying products, there are also 'service consumption', such as culture, tourism, education, medical care, fitness, etc." The second is the consumption growth rate. This indicator includes both commodity consumption and service consumption, which is relatively comprehensive. "If you study consumer growth from the perspective of" per capita consumption expenditure ", it has its important value." The third is the consumption contribution rate. This indicator reflects the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth. "This is meaningful to study the role and accumulation effect of more than 1.4 billion people's" consumer market ", which is meaningful, although it is theoretically growthism." Fourth, the final consumption rate "The logic should pay special attention to the" resident consumption rate "-the proportion of residents' consumption account for the entire GDP. "Just like targeting the 10th ring, studying consumption should be specially targeting residents' consumption rates." He believes that my country's current "resident consumption rate" is too low, which is a "short board". In the book "The Structure theory of Human Types", Chang Xiuze proposed "raising the consumption rate of residents." "This is the first issue of China's economic structure adjustment." He reiterated.

How to promote consumption upgrade in the new stage? Chang Xiuze proposed that starting from "people", "three -line promotion" from mechanisms, structures, and methods.

The first line, establish a long -term mechanism to enable people to "consume, dare to consume, and rest assured consumption."

"Consumption" focuses on increasing the income level of residents and releasing the consumer needs of residents. The first is to increase the level of consumer income; the second is to reduce the income gap; the third is to expand the middle income group. "Dare to consume" must improve the social security system. In the case where the income of ordinary people is not high enough, how can we "dare to consume"? The first thing is to do a good job of social security, make basic public services, and make up for the weakness of the income link. At this stage, the most reliable action is to achieve equalization of basic public services. "'Self -rest assured consumption' is mainly to ensure consumption safety. The most important thing is food and drug safety. These are issues involving people's development. We must establish and improve the system of consumer quality safety supervision, traceability, and recall to ensure consumption safety." Second Bar lines, optimize consumption structure, and excavate consumer potential.

The first is to optimize commodity consumption and service consumption structure. "To realize that with the changes in phases and the improvement of the people's living standards, residential service -oriented consumption will emerge differently. In the next few years, the proportion will exceed the consumption of goods, accounting for more than 50 %." The second is to optimize government consumption and residents' consumption structure. While encouraging the proportion of residents' consumption, the government consumption is appropriately reduced. "Of course, the public consumer expenditure directly related to residents should increase, such as government financial expenses for medical, basic education, unemployment, pension, and pension." Third, optimize the structure of rural consumption and urban consumption structure Essence "We should continue to adjust the structure of rural consumption and urban consumption, especially to make up for and strengthen public consumption in rural public consumption (including rural basic education, rural public health and medical care, rural pension protection and other public consumption)."

The third line, innovate consumption methods, and promote consumption upgrade. With the improvement of information technology and people's living standards, the diversification of consumption methods has increased significantly. "Online shopping, online medical care, online education, immersive shopping, flexible customization and other diversified and personalized consumption models have emerged endlessly, and the space growth space is huge."

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