The revitalization of the seed industry in a bowl of good meals -from the observation of the 2022 China Seed Conference

Xinhua News Agency, Sanya, July 31st: A bowl of the seedling industry in a bowl -Observation from the 2022 China Seed Conference

Xinhua News Agency reporter

"In the past two years, you have a clear feeling of eating in restaurants or cafeterias -the quality of rice is much better than before, and the flavor is basically acceptable? This is exactly the result of my country's acceleration and promotion of high -quality rice varieties." Recently, at 2022 The Chinese Seed Conference and the Chinese Academy of Engineering Wan Jianmin's speeches have aroused the interest of many participants.

What are the characteristics of good rice? What are the criteria for judging? How do scientific researchers cultivate high -quality varieties? The reporter interviewed the above topic.

The rice that is not forgotten

"Many years ago, I saw the locals take the rice dumplings to the ground in the morning in the Hani terrace in Yunnan. When I ate at noon, the rice ball was soft and fragrant. It has achieved good results in the application of varieties. "Wan Jianmin said.

What is good rice? Many people may say that the color and fragrance are good, and the taste is soft and moderate.

Wan Jianmin said that the evaluation indicators of rice quality include five aspects, namely appearance quality, processing quality, cooking taste quality, nutritional quality and functional quality. Among them, the appearance and cooking taste is the most important quality traits and evaluation indicators. The granular, white, splendid rice rate and direct chain starch content are quality -level indicators.

The protein content of rice is directly related to the quality of food taste. The protein content of rice is negatively related to the quality of food taste. The variety of protein content is greater than 9%. Often, the rice is harder and poor. The protein content of Chinese rice is generally 7%to 9%.

On July 20, 2022, members of the Shanquan Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperatives in Tieli City, Heilongjiang Province checked the growth of rice in high standard organic rice fields. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Song

In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for rice has also changed, from paying attention to output to attention to quality, to paying attention to diversified needs. For example, the consumption of rations is now decreased, and the meals of outing are increasing, and people pay attention to health functions.

New needs put forward new topics for varieties selection. Experts said that the new requirements of my country's consumer market include: new rice varieties with good food quality and good taste, that is, high rough rates, long -grained appearance, small whiteness, high transparency, soft rice, soft rice, and not reborn; New varieties of color rice, fragrant rice, and functional rice, including low sugar -raising meters, excellent consumption quality red rice, black rice, fragrance gene rice.

Speed ​​the seeds of running

To promote the development of modern agriculture, seeds are the key.

In recent years, my country has accelerated the use of quality resources, key technologies for research and development and application, jointly related to high -quality rice varieties nationwide, and cultivated a large number of high -quality rice varieties.

Seeds are the "chip" of agriculture, and germ resources are the first step in cultivating seeds.

On July 21, 2022, in Suliao Village, Chaping Town, Wangcheng District, Changsha, Hunan Province, farmers handed rice seedlings to the seedlings. Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Zeguo Chen Zeguo

Liu Xu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that from the transition from "eating" to "good", the local varieties of the local variety of varieties can play an important role. Yunnan covered Gongmi and the Beijing Rental Royal Rice in Liaoning. The original variety has been extinct in the local area. It is introduced from the national species and recovered by purifying and recovering planting.

Cultivate good varieties and speed up technology research and development is the key.

Li Jiayang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced the breeding practice of high -quality high -quality and high -quality "early japonica rice". This result allows people to eat new rice in advance.

my country's double -season early rice varieties are usually rice rice. Puatai rice is sowed in mid -late March and harvested in mid -to -late July. Most of the varieties of Puatai rice, especially the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, are mostly used for food reserve or industrial food.

Compared with rice rice, japonica rice varieties growing in high latitudes have the advantages of strong resistance, good rice quality, and good food taste, but generally it can be harvested until October.

Li Jiayang's team is the main line with excellent rice quality genes, combined with high -yield and ideal plant type genes, and uses molecular accurately designing breeding concepts and technologies to choose the best parent selection through hybridization to produce high -quality high -yielding double -season early -season new varieties.

In recent years, my country has carried out national high -quality rice selection activities, which has promoted the promotion of high -quality rice. At the same time, the appearance quality of rice in the rice area of ​​the southern rice areas is significant, and the high -quality rate of three -series and two -series hybrid rice has increased significantly, and the high quality rate has increased from less than 25%to about 50%.

Better and better goals

Looking forward to the future, how to ensure better and better rice in our rice bowl?

It is understood that my country has achieved a number of world -leading levels in research fields such as rice functional genome and hybrid rice. However, there is still a distance from the international advanced level in terms of quality resources mining and utilization, modern breeding technology application and high -quality variety selection and promotion. To continuously promote the high -quality development of the seed industry, we must focus on joint resources and strength.

On July 4, 2022, in the South Fan Public Test Base in Yazhou District (Ba Toutou), Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province, the agricultural machinery hand was harvested rice (drone photo). Xinhua News Agency reporter Hu Zhixuan

Experts believe that in the future, my country should strengthen the collection of high -quality germplasm resources, establish a technical system for high -quality food evaluation, accelerate the efficient mining of high -quality appearance and taste, and continuously cultivate new high -quality high -yield rice varieties.

At the same time, the combination of good breeding and good method.Reasonable planning of fertilizer water will improve quality under the premise of ensuring production.It is necessary to cultivate high -efficiency varieties of nutrients, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and reduce the protein content of seeds.It is necessary to improve the soil, increase investment in organic fertilizer, and cultivate high -quality rice varieties of disease -resistant insects.Ying Minjie, Vice President of China Vice President of Xianzhengda Group, said that by gathered global high -quality resources and cultivated new green high -quality super rice varieties, more than 80%of high -quality varieties above the second level and above, and relying on the modern agricultural technical service platform (MAP) integrationPromote good breeding and good laws to help farmers increase production and improve.

Wan Jianmin said that the realization of a bowl of good rice also needs to work together to collect, process, process, circulation, and sales.It is necessary to promote "timely harvest" and implement "high -quality and high -quality price" for the acquisition of high -quality rice.The rapid dehydration of rice will quickly reduce the quality of rice. It is necessary to accelerate the establishment of a low -temperature drying technical system, and promote the establishment of a low -temperature storage, processing and circulation system for high -quality rice to ensure the fresh taste of rice to the greatest extent.(Reporter Zhao Yingquan, Yu Wenjing, Luo Jiang, Chen Kaizi)

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