A brief history of the pre -sale of commercial housing, some people are giving birth, some people get rich overnight

Wen | No rust bowl

Editor's note:

The so -called "building flower" is the folk nickname of the "pre -sale system of commercial housing". In the forty years of China's economy, the figure of the flowers flowing through the development of the real estate industry. Some people say that interpretation of building flowers is to interpret the trajectory of real estate commercialization.

This is the first half of the history of Chinese landscape flowers. Regarding the flowering system that affects the destiny of countless people, how to originate and grow, we have to find in the story of the two cities in two centuries ...

Origin

In the year of the millennium, there were countless Hong Kong people across the century. In addition to the bright lights in Central, there was also TVB's popular TV series "Genesis".

According to rumors, the prototype of this TV series is a "business war" of the four major families, the "two Lee" -Li Ka -shing and Li Zhaoji.

In 1985, Li Ka -shing, who was invincible in the real estate industry, fancy the Meilihua Hotel in Tsim Sha Tsui. After multiple operations, he wanted to acquire two land to remove the reorganization. Unexpectedly, he was opposed by the other party. At that time, Yang Zhihua, the founder of the hotel, had died. His offspring did not want to see his ancestral industry demolished, so he contacted his father's former partner Li Zhaoji.

In this way, the latter ate this big cake at a very low price. This transaction caused Li Ka -shing to lose more than 15 billion yuan. Some media reports that this is Li Ka -shing so far:

The biggest business loss experience.

After seeing the TVB of this subject, it immediately remakes it into a business war drama. In order to restore the magnificent epic of the Hong Kong property market, they invested 150 million and invited the top stars in the entertainment circle of Hong Kong and Taiwan:

Luo Jialiang, Guo Jinan, Gu Tianle, Wu Qilong, Guo Keying, Cai Shaofen ...

Heavy money investment is worth it. This magnificent TV series not only created a record of ratings at the time, but also left a lot of popular golden sentences for the later real estate industry. Some people say that understanding this drama is equivalent to understanding real estate in Hong Kong. Many people remember the two questions about the actor Xu Wenbiao::

One sentence is "I work hard to work, only earn a little money; those who are speculators outside can make a lot of money, is it fair?", The other sentence is:

"Why do people take a house for a lifetime?"

At that time, it almost represents the voices of most Hong Kong people. For example, the author of this drama, the famous screenwriter Situ Jinyuan. At that time, he was 45 years old and still had no money to buy a house.

Hong Kong's housing prices are high. Since the Victorian era, it is not a secret. From 2010 to 2018, for nine years, the city ranked first of the most difficult list of house prices in the world. In 2017, the statistics of the Hong Kong government showed that the per capita residential area of ​​Hong Kong people was 161 feet.

About 14.96 square meters.

Since modern times, many people have tried to change this situation, including the famous patriotic businessman Huo Yingdong.

It was the most tense land in Hong Kong's history in 1953. The war brought many mainlanders to this Oriental Pearl. In the 1950s, the population of Hong Kong rose from 500,000 to 1.5 million. On the other side The war was damaged.

At the same time, many Hong Kong merchants have a very vague attitude towards real estate. A scholar who studied Hong Kong and Macao issues once said that the early trade in Hong Kong has very strong capital colors. , Rental, buying and selling real estate

They are traded in the entire building.

Huo Yingdong changed all of this. His real estate and households were sold for citizens. In order to allow ordinary people to participate, before starting the construction, he also wrote and distributed the sales instructions:

The first phase pays 50%of the deposit, and the floor on the second floor will be paid by 10%...

Huo's consultant later recalled that the essence of this model is to industrialize real estate. "It is impossible for a factory to hoard a large number of stocks and other buyers to buy it. Generally, production is started after receiving orders."

In the face of the reality of "Lou Guiren", the "pre -sale system" of the fate of generations has changed.

The ups and downs of decades have made the people's attitude towards this model have also experienced a change of 180 degrees.

During the "Two Sessions" in 2006, 33 representatives of the National People's Congress signed a signature proposal to cancel the pre -sale system of commercial housing; the proportion of people holding the same view was 90%in a network survey of Sohu; Liu Junhai's attitude is even more intense:

The pre -sale system of commercial housing is one of the roots of all kinds of faith, breach of contract, infringement, and even fraud ...

Despite being solemnly notorious, a fact that cannot be ignored is that the pre -sale system and the real estate business process behind the commercial housing have also brought about the prosperity of the land for this land.

Dormant

At this prosperous moment in Hong Kong, the opposite side, Shenzhen beside Luohu Bridge is another scene.

A young drainman just came here, and at this moment, he was looking at this steel bridge with a width of only 50 meters:

"The side of the bridge is Hong Kong." The side of the bridge is the downward town of the southern town. Young people see that there are abandoned dead pigs next to the road rail, and the green -headed flies are buzzing.

This young man is called Wang Shi. It was April 1978. The kapok in Shenzhen had just faded. Like kapok, he did not know that his later fate would be tied to this land firmly.

No one can predict the direction of history. Crossing back to 1978. At that time, the Chinese people did not even know the term "real estate". The improvement of the living conditions for the Chinese at that time, just like the elephant in the room, was an urgent and secretive of secrets. Demand.

From 1950 to 1978, for nearly 30 years, the real estate product attributes were fully denied. Can a house be distributed by the unit?

The mayor and the market are not easy to use.

Decades later, some people saw the "Fangxin" written by Hu Qiaomu, the dean of the Social Sciences to the leader at the stalls in the old goods market in Panjiayuan. Chairman Li Xiannian kept calling to the case of the Housing Management Office.

At that time, compared to large factories, shares, and dividends, "iron rice bowls" were real needs. As long as you can do it in this unit, you can rationally look forward to a place where one party belongs to its own foothold.

In thirty years, Chinese people have invested 37.4 billion yuan in houses.

The per capita housing investment of the year is less than 10 yuan.

These thirty years are also the dormant moments of Chinese real estate.

In order to completely lock the commercial space of the house, in addition to the prohibition of buying and selling, even if it is decoration and maintenance, it must be carried out under the leadership of the unit.

Scholar Yang Yan recalled the days when Qian Zhongshu lived in the office of the west head of the Ministry of Xuezhong: "In the past few years, heating has been born in winter, accumulated unattended, and the houses were bloated. Slim. "The cosmopolites of the couple did not improve until 1977.

In 1978, the average residential area of ​​urban residents in China was only 6.7 square meters, and the housing area was even reversed, which was 0.9 square meters less than 1949.

Why does the house live smaller and smaller? The more you live, the more squeezed?

The turning point always occurs in just a short moment. This fall, the chief designer went to Singapore and visited the local residential community.

One morning in October 1978, standing in front of dozens of apartment houses under construction in Beijing, he asked the key question with tremendous pressure:

"Can residential housing become a commodity?"

Faced with the silence at the scene, he expressed his attitude in his own talk:

"If you can, I want to buy a house for Pu Fang. This child is disabled because I am disabled. I need to take care of him."

That year, at the National Urban Housing Construction Conference held in Beijing, provincial and municipal leaders received instructions from the central government: to allow private housing or private public assistance to be allowed to pay in installments and improve housing issues in installments.

The road should be wider.

In the period of commercialization of the strong property market, it suddenly kicked off.

Test water

The coming of this era is the aspects of Shenzhen's status. In 1979, Shenzhen fully launched the reform and opening up and started the first step in building a special economic zone.

Establishing the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the early days

That year, all parts of Guangdong were concentrating on supporting the infrastructure of small fishing villages. Luo Jinxing, who worked at Huiyang Post and Telecommunications Bureau, was one of the earliest people who registered.

In March 1979, a crowded van drove into the resettlement house of the Baoan Party School in Shenzhen. The car came down, and it was 32 cadres regulated by various departments in the province. After a simple meeting, the leaders of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee arranged the task of Luo Jinxing. He will solve the current housing problem of the SAR: as the deputy director of the Housing Management Bureau:

Within one year, the provincial -level cadre housing standards are established in accordance with the provincial -level cadre housing standards, and 20,000 square meters and more than 300 sets of cadre dormitories have been built.

To achieve this goal, the fiscal funding approved in the city is 500,000. Luo Jinxing is roughly calculated.

The funds of the project are more than funds.

He went to the organization to report that the deputy secretary patted his shoulder and told him that there were only so many, what difficulties, "you can stay at the end of the year after ten months to summarize the conference."

In this way, with financial, cashiers, two technicians, four old bicycles, China's first real estate company, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Real Estate Company, was established.

A two -storey break, the office and the kitchen are connected together. Luo Jinxing is responsible for:

Procurement, supervision, handling and cooking.

What made him pain is not trivial, but the lack of funds. Looking south across Shenzhen's large -breaking old, the property market in Hong Kong has long been prosperous by the market that is invisible to the market.

The familiar Hong Kong businessman jokes Luo Jinxing "holding a golden rice bowl for rice". Hong Kong merchants pay money. Luo Jinxing did not dare to answer. At that time, the Constitution stipulated that leases and land were prohibited. This was not a simple economic problem, and it was not even a crime issue, but a route issue.

The unwilling cadres found the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee's Policy Research Office, a group of people turned over the classics of Marlays, and finally found a paragraph of Comrade Lenin's quoting Engels in the corner:

"Houses may not be handed over to individuals or collaborative communities at no cost."

All socialism, the Soviet Union can, why can't China's Special Economic Zone? With this idea, Luo Jinxing found Zhang Xunfu, the secretary of the municipal party committee, and the latter dispelled all his concerns:

"The Communist Manifesto also said,‘ deprived of real estate, rent land to national expenditure ’, let’ s take a look. ”

The development of the matter soon exceeded everyone's expectations. The news that allowed land and Hong Kong merchants to be invested just released. Hong Kong real estate businessman Liu Tianyi rushed to Shenzhen with a bulldozer and a bicycle. The plan was quickly finalized. On the third day of this transaction, Liu Tian's Hong Kong Miaoli Real Estate Shopping Center was filled with enthusiastic home buyers.

Grab a planning drawing.

After the Spring Festival, Luo Jinxing took the relevant procedures to apply for approval, and went to the planning bureau to plan, Donghu Liyuan -the first pre -sale project in Chinese history, and it landed.

Someone has summarized the development trajectory of the Chinese property market:

The mainland touched the river crossing the river, and Shenzhen crossed the river in Hong Kong.

The pilot system of the pre -sale of commercial housing in the Mainland allows the people to have a more accurate understanding of the real estate industry. In the future, with the popularity of the pre -sale system of commercial housing, the name of "building flowers" has also sounded. Essence

Interestingly, there are many sayings on the market about the origin of this code.

Some people say that the pre -sale system was called "Building" in Hong Kong at the beginning, and later passed to the mainland to become "building flowers";

Some people say that the reason why it is called Louhua is because the whole house is broken and sold, just like the flowers floating in the wind.

The most philosophical atmosphere is the third explanation:

If the Jianjian commercial house is a fruit from the developer, then countless people are just a beautiful flower that is just a beautiful flower.

Reference materials:

1. Yang Yan "We 绛"

2. Wang Shi "Road and Dream: I and Vanke"

3. Wang Weili "Research on the Mortgage System of Pre -sale of commercial housing in my country"

4. China Youth Network "What Things of the House"

5. Free shipping area "History of Flowers Destroy"

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