Cold and warm in employment season

The cover of the 11th issue of "China Economic Weekly" in 2022

"China Economic Weekly" reporter Guo Zhiqiang | Beijing report

According to the relevant data released by the Ministry of Education, the size of the 2022 college graduates is expected to be 10.76 million, an increase of 1.67 million over the previous year, and the scale and incrementation have set a historical record.

There are many worries on the Internet. The largest college graduates in history have the impact of the epidemic, and the employment situation may continue to be under pressure when they meet the economic downturn.

"China Economic Weekly" chief photographer reporter Xiao Yan | Photo

In June, it is another year of graduation!

According to the relevant data released by the Ministry of Education, the size of the 2022 college graduates is expected to be 10.76 million, an increase of 1.67 million over the previous year, and the scale and incrementation have set a historical record.

There are many worries on the Internet. The largest college graduates in history have the impact of the epidemic, and the employment situation may continue to be under pressure when they meet the economic downturn.

However, there are also chip companies who told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly": "We are too pessimistic about employment issues. Now there are more than 10 million college students in China waiting for employment. '—— More than 10 million people can work. "

"In 2022, the employment demand we released was 3,000, and there are more than 1,000 people in the current gap. For us, the current employment is not unreasonable, it is not recruited!" On May 31, Lan Si Technology's school -enterprise cooperation works Relevant person Wang Yu sighed in an interview with "China Economic Weekly" reporter.

A typical experience of innovation and entrepreneurship in the country has been in the top 50 undergraduate college admissions and employment service centers, Wang Dong has been engaged in employment work for 13 years. In the year, it was not that there was no job recruitment, but graduates were unwilling to employ. "

A number of enterprises and colleges and universities are responsible for recruitment and employment told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that structural changes in domestic employment situations have emerged, and "slow employment" has become a more obvious feature in employment in 2022; There are also some large -scale head enterprises to expand their school recruitment significantly, but they cannot recruit suitable talents. The contradiction between "difficulty in employment" and "recruiting people" is even more prominent. The society should rationally treat the current employment issues.

Graduates employment, how can they be "difficult"?

At present, the employment of college graduates in 2022 is in a critical period. Affected by multiple factors such as the epidemic, the employment situation this year is severe and complicated.

"It's difficult to find a job this year! I didn't find it after finding a circle of work. I want to work in a glass company in Shaoyang, but I have to find a relationship to find an acquaintance. I may not be able to successfully join the job." Graduates are worrying about finding a job.

"China Economic Weekly" reporter obtained a "analysis and countermeasure report of graduates employment situation and countermeasures" in an ordinary undergraduate institution, showing that the professional structure of the 2022 graduate of the school is based on financial accounting, financial economy, foreign language foreign trade, art design and industrial and commercial management. The Lord, these majors themselves have been greatly affected by the new crown pneumonia's epidemic and Sino -US trade conflict. In addition, the recent national epidemic situation is more distributed. Enterprises cannot enter the school for offline recruitment, and the employment situation is severe. As of the end of March this year, the employment of the graduate of the school was about 18%, which was lower than the level of the same period last year.

According to Zhilian recruitment data, as of mid -April, 46.7%of fresh graduates with job search plan have harvested offers, less than 62.8%in 2021. Compared with the signing rate, the decline in job search rate is more significant.

"This year's financial accounting, business management, and administrative majors are difficult to employment." Wang Yu said in an interview with "China Economic Weekly" that at the end of April, two -thirds of graduates in Wuhan did not implement the work Essence

But the outlook for the employment market cannot be generalized. In early June, the leader of Chutian Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Equipment Enterprise said that for some key colleges and universities, especially popular graduates such as software majors, electrical majors, and artificial intelligence, the employment market is still very optimistic There are many employment opportunities to choose from.

From the perspective of the type of college, the employment situation is also different. Among them, the employment situation of the "double first -class" colleges is obvious, and the graduates of Pu Ben are in the employment difficulties. The "2022 College Student Employment Research Report" released by Zhilian Recruitment in April this year shows that in terms of the types of colleges and universities, the signing rates of "double first -class", ordinary undergraduate, and colleges are 33%, 12.5%, and 13.3%, respectively. " The advantages of double first -class colleges and universities are obvious, and the signing rate of colleges and universities is higher than Pu Ben. The employment dilemma of ordinary undergraduates cannot be ignored.

As of May 31, the employment rate of the Provincial Department of Education and Technology had reported 62.68%, which was 10 percentage points higher than last year. There is still a gap between the 92%goal to reach at the end of this year.

Lin Lin, Director of the Admissions and Employment Division, Vocational and Technical College of Mechanical and Electrical and Electrical Vocational College, told the China Economic Weekly: "'Double first -class' college high -quality graduates to find a job without pressure, our graduates of higher vocational colleges are strong, and companies are rushing to grab the enterprises. ; And a large number of general undergraduate college graduates in the middle are actually difficult to employment. "

It is difficult for manufacturing to recruit workers: graduates are "unable to lead" and "unable to keep"

Manufacturing enterprises are the large households to absorb employment, but the supply of manpower is still inadequate. According to the "Manufacturing Talent Development Planning Guide" released by the Ministry of Education and other departments in 2016, by 2025, the talent gap in key areas of China's manufacturing industry will be close to 30 million. Talent recruitment is becoming more and more difficult, corporate recruitment costs are constantly rising, and the attractive graduates have become more and more "willful", and the loss rate is getting higher and higher. "".

Wang Fang, a graduate of Sun Yat -sen University, born in 1999, stayed in Franham, Foshan, Guangdong for more than half a year, and finally decided to change his job. A friend reminded her that the employment situation this year is not good. Don't resign naked. It is best to find the next family and then leave.

But Wang Fang didn't think so, she thought it was very open. "She felt that she needed to rest for a while. It was not too anxious to work. She didn't think about what to do before. In the end, she resigned naked." Zhang Fan, a friend of Wang Fang, told the reporter of China Economic Weekly.

During the investigation, the reporter learned from a number of undergraduate colleges and vocational colleges that 5 years ago, the Sany Heavy Industry and Zhonglian Heavy Sciences of Construction Machinery Enterprises came to college recruitment. Graduates had to trust people to find relationships to successfully join in. At the moment, some large -scale construction machinery companies plan to recruit 100 people, and more than 20 graduates who come to participate in the job fair. There may be only 10 examinations and interviews. problem.

In 2020, Zhang Fan's Galanz was expanded against the trend and provided more than 1,400 positions. Although many outstanding college graduates were accepted that year, those who could really sink in the enterprise did not expect as much as expected.

Zhang Fan, who also participated in the recruitment of fresh graduates, revealed that Galanz has a large demand for technical workers each year. The company adopts more school -enterprise cooperation methods. The stability rate of graduates of such vocational colleges is relatively high. After some undergraduate colleges and universities have been assigned to various departments such as the company's research and development, manufacturing, sales, legal affairs, and planning, many graduates are "low -eyed" and they are difficult to sink. They resigned for a year or two.

It is understood that Galanz ’s microwave oven orders are very stable every year, and the company also hopes to cultivate mature technicians, but many graduates have left the job for a year or two. There are no proficient technical reserves. Essence

The largest school recruitment in the history of Internet factory starts in history

Recently, the person in charge of the human resources of the enterprise told the reporter of the China Economic Weekly that some head enterprises in various industries and the needs of the school recruitment talents of state -owned enterprises and state -owned enterprises have increased, but they are more due to "slow employment" and salary level. The matches such as the matching of talents cannot recruit suitable graduates.

The Internet industry is a "big household" welcomed by college graduates in recent years. From the perspective of the post supply side, in 2022, the Internet manufacturers have thrown out the "largest school recruitment in history" plan. Among them, Baidu School recruits to 2022 graduates at home and abroad. , Open more than 8,000 jobs; Tencent is expected to issue more than 7,000 admission books to fresh graduates in 2022, with an annual increase of more than 40%of the number of school recruitment.

据中央网信办官方公众号发布的数据显示，2021年7月到2022年3月中旬，腾讯、阿里巴巴、字节跳动、美团、拼多多、快手、百度、京东、网易、微博、 The total number of groups of 12 companies including Bilibili and Ant Group was 216,800, the total number of recruiters was 295,900, and 79,100 were increasing.

According to the Zhilian recruitment analysis, in the first quarter of 2022, the number of college graduates in the Internet/e -commerce was rising slightly, but the number of job applicants increased significantly. After the Spring Festival in 2022, the spring job search season was ushered in, and the number of graduates increased significantly. Although Internet companies have released layoffs and reduced the scale of recruiters, they still have certain recruitment needs.

"I think the overall cake of the employment market this year has not changed much. The demand for the school recruitment of small and medium -sized enterprises has reduced significantly, but the demand for school recruitment in head enterprises has actually increased." Wang Yu said that many outstanding head enterprises expanded school recruitment. It is a good phenomenon that these companies have increased their reserves in order to maintain competitiveness, increase their investment in reserves, and accumulate power for the future transformation and upgrading of enterprises.

"Slow employment" looks beautiful, but the graduates are "unable to drag"

Lin Lin, director of the Employment Division of the School of Mechanical and Electrical and Electrical Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical, has more than 10 years of college enrollment employment experience. He shared a small story to reflect the current employment trend of graduates- "slow employment" and delay employment.

In 2016, Lin Lin's school organized a graduate customization class for Chutian Technology. After the custom class graduate passed the Chu Tian Technology written test, he was about to enter the signing of the contract. One of the graduates threw one side of the upcoming offer and spent more than 10,000 yuan to travel to Tibet, and finally missed the time for Chutian Technology to sign a labor contract.

Lin Lin analyzed: "Now graduates do not want to wear workers, they want to wear suit; they do not want to get off the workshop, they want to take the office. Being skillful talents. Now the employment expectations of graduates are very high. To put it plainly, it is' low -eyed and low -handedness', and the result is the "slow employment '' to slow employment '." "2022 college student employment research report" shows that among the 2022 college graduates, 50.4%of the unit employment, a decrease of 6 percentage points from last year. The proportion of freelance (18.6%) and "slow employment" (15.9%) is increased by 3 percentage points compared with last year. This is the characteristics of the decline in the proportion of unit employment in the second consecutive year, and the proportion of freelance and "slow employment" has risen.

Wang Dong told the reporter of "China Economic Weekly" that in recent years, the enthusiasm of graduates has declined, and the choice of graduation to delay employment is delayed. In addition, a large number of recruitment fairs were moved to online during the epidemic. Graduates lacked the competitive atmosphere of offline employment. They were not sensitive to employment information. The enthusiasm of online job search interviews was not high. Delaying employment became a new feature of graduate employment.

Wang Yu revealed that with the improvement of family living conditions, some graduates will not make up their minds to be in the workplace before they find the ideal work. Over time, "slow employment" is increasing.

Wang Dong also shared some graduates to apply for anecdotes. Some graduates went to the enterprise to apply for work. The first thing to ask is that the applicant does not provide parking spaces, not the function and salary of the post.

Lin Lin said that the employment choices of a large number of graduates tend to be more stable for postgraduate entrance examinations, civil servants and public institutions, which also led to graduates' enthusiasm for employment to employment in enterprises.

In addition, some of the current "beautiful" flexible employment forms have also caused some college graduates to form an illusion of employment.

Taking the current live broadcast and bringing goods as an example, some graduates can bring the goods through live broadcast during the school, and they can easily get 5,000 to 8,000 yuan per month. Yuan, isn't the monthly salary of tens of thousands of monthly salary after graduation? After entering the workplace, the actual situation is not what the graduates originally imagined. "Wang Yu told reporters.

Wang Yu's understanding of the reason behind the phenomenon of "slow employment" is: "Many college graduates are not very mature and idealistic. They think that work is to sit in the office in the city. How can this be employed? "

Improve employment skills and alleviate employment structural contradictions

How to strive for the concept of employment and employment of graduates, and promote the physiological employment of college graduates?

Wang Dong believes that with the change of the main contradictions in the employment market, the scarcity of positions in the employment market is no longer the main contradiction. The enthusiasm and initiative of graduates have become the core issue that affects the employment of college students. How to change the employment concept of college students, let students enter the recruitment venue and enter the business practice of the enterprise, which has become the focus and difficulty of employment. In addition, for a long time, the professional setting and talent training model of colleges and universities are disconnected from social needs. It is necessary to strengthen the reform of college disciplines and talent training models, so that college disciplines, talent capacity and social needs, enhance college graduates Employment and entrepreneurship ability and occupational conversion capabilities.

Zhang Fan believes: "Graduates with" low -eyed master "still have to go through the" poisoning "of society to break the fantasy and sink to create value for enterprises and society."

A chip design company with a market value of more than 30 billion yuan told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that at present, the domestic talent structure has changed significantly, the entire social blue -collar workers are changing to gold collar and white -collar workers, but the domestic industrial structure has not occurred simultaneously Change, the talent and industry cannot match, and the employment of graduates follows. What we need to do now is to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure. By introducing measures such as foreign high -end industries or emerging industries for developing strategic development, the entire industrial chain will be upgraded. At that time, domestic talents can also enter a more matched high -end industrial chain.

(Wang Yu, Lin Lin, Zhang Fan, Wang Dong, Wang Fang in the text are a pseudonym)

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