Common wealthy and affordable | Zheng Yongnian: Common and rich Ningbo Plan

【Editor's Note】

This article is the preface of Zheng Yongnian, the president of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Qianhai International Affairs and Honorary Dean of the East China Branch of the National Research Economic Research Institute, in Ningbo, read the blue book of the blue book of common wealth (2022) ".

How to achieve common prosperity is not only a problem facing China, but also a problem that the world is going to crack. Common wealth is a dynamic undulating process. No society can maintain eternal wealth, and the degree of wealth changes with changes in economic conditions. Therefore, common prosperity must be an inclusive and open development. In terms of experience, to realize common prosperity, it depends on whether it can handle the relationship between the three subjects, that is, the relationship between enterprises, governments and society.

Ningbo has developed from a small port of commercial port to the current modern coastal metropolis, becoming one of the cities with the highest income and the smallest income gap in urban and rural residents in China. It has made positive explorations in exploring and solving the imbalance of development and inadequate problems. Summarizing Ningbo's common rich practical experience is not only meaningful to Zhejiang and the whole country, but also meaning to the whole world.

1. Common wealth is an inclusive, open development

Common wealth is an ideal, similar to the "Datong World" that people yearn for ancient people. The development of human society is open, but the development of human society should be directed, so the setting of this ideal state is very important. Common prosperity is not a balancedism, not all the rich and the poor. The common wealth requires the realization of basic and acceptable social fairness and justice, but also acknowledge social differences. If there is no social differences, it is difficult for society to make progress. Differences are both the product of progress and the problem that progress must be solved.

Common wealth is a historical process that needs to be achieved through development. But this development is a dynamic, inclusive development process, not his development. On the one hand, a wealthy social class has been realized, and it should not be monopolized and not open to the society because of the money. On the other hand, the less wealthy social classes should also feel that they have the opportunity to develop in this kind of openness, and they will not hate the wealthy class because of their relatively unlucky status quo.

At this point, the lessons of western society are very profound. After the 1980s, the new liberal economy has developed rapidly, and globalization and informatization have become the characteristics of the times. However, economic development and scientific and technological progress do not have fair benefits to the general public. The combination of the national financial economy and the Internet economy is even more of the capital capital, which has led to the increasingly differentiated society. The United States has evolved from the previous "middle class" to a "rich society". It can be seen that economic development may not be able to create stability for society. The key is whether this development is an open and inclusive development.

2. Common prosperity is the need to achieve sustainable development in China

Society is a moral community, and members of society must trust each other. If a society is too different from the rich and the poor, the community of society will easily disintegrate, and the growth of wealth will not cause social stability. A unstable society is a society of everyone's self -danger. Economy and culture, economy, and morality must be balanced. Economic development needs to be based on social stability. Economic development is ultimately for social development, because the subject of society is ordinary people. Common wealth is not a simple distribution, but to further economic development. Because only through sustainable development can the middle -income group be bigger and stronger.

The Chinese government proposed to build a new pattern of dual -cycle development, the key is to firmly grasp the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, accelerate the construction of consumer society, and promote economic growth from export -oriented to domestic demand. To build a consumer society, a system of institutional policies that are conducive to expanding domestic demand must be established, and systems such as pension and medical security, bottom rescue, housing supply and guarantee systems.

The middle -income group is the main carrier of wealth and the main force of consumption. The formation of consumer society depends on the continuous growth of middle -income groups, and it is also the key to achieving social stability and sustainable development. A certain scale of middle -income groups and a reasonable and perfect social institutional system are the two pillars of the consumer society. Market mechanism is the most effective mechanism for creating wealth. It can produce a middle -income group, but it cannot protect this group. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a complete common rich system policy system.

Third, realize the main idea of ​​common prosperity to promote fair society

First of all, "not capped." There is no upper limit to creating wealth. Since the reform and opening up, the development of mainland China is faster than Japan and the "Four Asia Dragons", but the proportion of middle -income groups is not as high as they. Reform and opening up allowed China to find a mechanism to create wealth, but we must continue to explore the mechanism of maintaining wealth and wealth. It is necessary to encourage innovation and use the rule of law and rules to manage scientific and technological innovation instead of using any sports method. Encourage high -tech companies to engage in scientific and technological innovation and actively enter the international market competition. Starting from national interests, regulatory measures are found in a way to maximize national interests, and more operators with entrepreneurial spirit are cultivated.

Secondly, "below the bottom." The guarantee includes two aspects: one is to ensure people's livelihood. Medical, education, and housing, these are not a simple economic field. They are the fields of people's livelihood with strong social attributes. We must deepen the reform of medical, education, and housing. The second is to solve urban and rural problems. To solve the problem of urban and rural urban and rural areas, we must flow in both directions. In order to solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas, and rural areas", it has invested a large amount of capital, talents, and material resources, but there is a problem of one -way outflow in rural areas. How to make the upper class in the city go to the countryside and let the farmers and urban residents flow in both directions? Finally, "doing big mid -production". The "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" and the long -view target outline of 2035 should be proposed that China's per capita GDP has reached the level of middle -developed countries, and the middle -income group has expanded significantly. In fact, the "olive society" has been proposed a few years ago, and it has been emphasized in recent years. It is indeed necessary to do it as a major agenda. The middle income group is strong, and those with constant production are perseverance, and all aspects of society will improve.

4. Private economy and SMEs are the key to fair distribution

The private economy, especially small and medium -sized enterprises, provides most of the social employment, is an important source of technological innovation and technological progress, and it is also an important force to participate in the global industrial chain competition. In many economies, especially East Asian economies, small and medium -sized enterprises are the most important forces to achieve fair distribution of income, help improve the industrial structure, shape the olive social structure with large middle and small ends, and ultimately achieve common prosperity.

Ningbo is a strong city of private economy. There are many small and medium -sized enterprises. Every 20 people have one enterprise. One of the 8 people has a business owner. The private economy contributes 85%of the employment positions of the city. Stable "cockpit stone". The reason why Ningbo has become one of the most balanced cities in the country is indispensable for private enterprises. Under the conditions of a market economy, the more developed the private economy, especially SMEs, the more fair and fair society.

In today's world, almost all strong economies have a huge small and medium -sized enterprise group. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the cultivation of a large number of technical private enterprises that have an important impact on the global industrial structure, encourage and guide private enterprises to accelerate transformation and upgrading, deepen supply -side structural reforms, and continuously improve technological innovation capabilities and core competitive capabilities.

5. The balanced development of Ningbo Zhejiang is to deal with six pairs of relationships

Including Ningbo, Zhejiang's common prosperity local practice is very significant to the country and world significance. The balance is the most significant feature. The key is to deal with the six pairs of relationships.

First, the relationship between the government and the market. The characteristics of "small government and large society" are presented, and "better play the government's role" is reflected in the coordination of the government in economic life. The business environment of Ningbo and other cities has long been at the forefront of domestic cities.

Second, the relationship between state -owned enterprises and private enterprises. State -owned enterprises are strong and private enterprises are also strong. Effective labor division of labor is conducted, which enables Zhejiang to effectively mobilize and use the initiative of private capital, while ensuring high -quality and full infrastructure and public service supply.

Third, the relationship between domestic and foreign capital. It does not exclude foreign capital, but Zhejiang's capital capital is the main capital, making Zhejiang's labor relations more harmonious. The "block economy" of Zhejiang is the result of the development of domestic -funded enterprises that drive the local people to become rich together, and then form regional division of labor cooperation and balanced development.

Fourth, the relationship between large enterprises and small and medium -sized enterprises. Many large private enterprises in China are from Zhejiang, but at the same time, small and medium -sized enterprises in Zhejiang are also very developed, which provides an important employment foundation for fair distribution of income.

Fifth, the relationship between manufacturing and service industry. Zhejiang's service industry serves the manufacturing industry, especially Ningbo has always focused on the development of development. Ningbo's manufacturing single champion ranks first in the country, thereby laid the foundation for the industrial chain for improving wage income.

Sixth, the relationship between industry and agriculture. Zhejiang is not only a large industry and manufacturing province, but also a strong agricultural province. The new rural construction and rural revitalization have achieved remarkable results. It has formed a lot of beneficial experience in the two -way flow of urban and rural resources.

Ningbo is my hometown. Before I went to college, I lived in the Siming Mountains of Yuyao, and I had a personal feeling for the development of agricultural and rural areas. China's farming civilization has stretched for thousands of years, mainly because of the "leaves of the leaves" of a generation of villagers. A ideal society should be an open and inclusive society, not a diligent dual structure. Through the design of the "two -in -two" and other systems, encouraging and attracting urban residents to return home can not only achieve sustainable rural development, but also reduce the burden on the city.

Ningbo must take the lead in achieving common prosperity. The old district of the Siming Mountain Revolution is both shortcomings and weak breakthroughs. It is recommended to establish an ecological product value implementation mechanism based on the Minsheng GDP or ecological GDP assessment, explore the "two mountain banks" model, realize the high level of ecological resources to assets and capital Further streamlined the development mechanism, promoted the overall development of resources, expanded the channels for income from the village's collective economic income, strengthened the pilot efforts of land reform, and promoted the construction of the Siming Mountain area into a model area for Ningbo's common prosperity.

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